10 research outputs found
Generalized entropy and temperature in nuclear multifragmentation
In the framework of a 2D Vlasov model, we study the time evolution of the
"coarse-grained" Generalized Entropy (GE) in a nuclear system which undergoes a
multifragmentation (MF) phase transition. We investigate the GE both for the
gas and the fragments (surface and bulk part respectively). We find that the
formation of the surface causes the growth of the GE during the process of
fragmentation. This quantity then characterizes the MF and confirms the crucial
role of deterministic chaos in filling the new available phase-space: at
variance with the exact time evolution, no entropy change is found when the
linear response is applied. Numerical simulations were used also to extract
information about final temperatures of the fragments. From a fitting of the
momentum distribution with a Fermi-Dirac function we extract the temperature of
the fragments at the end of the process. We calculate also the gas temperature
by averaging over the available phase space. The latter is a few times larger
than the former, indicating a gas not in equilibrium. Though the model is very
schematic, this fact seems to be very general and could explain the discrepancy
found in experimental data when using the slope of light particles spectra
instead of the double ratio of isotope yields method in order to extract the
nuclear caloric curve.Comment: 26 pages, 9 postscript figures included, Revtex, some figures and
part of text changed, version accepted for publication in PR
Multifragmentation of charge asymmetric nuclear systems
The multifragmentation of excited spherical nuclear sources with various N/Z
ratios and fixed mass number is studied within dynamical and statistical
models. The dynamical model treats the multifragmentation process as a final
stage of the growth of density fluctuations in unstable expanding nuclear
matter. The statistical model makes a choice of the final multifragment
configuration according to its statistical weight at a global thermal
equilibrium. Similarities and differences in the predictions of the two models
on the isotopic composition of the produced fragments are presented and the
most sensitive observable characteristics are discussed.Comment: 15 pages, 8 figure
Chaos vs. Linear Instability in the Vlasov Equation: A Fractal Analysis Characterization
In this work we discuss the most recent results concerning the Vlasov
dynamics inside the spinodal region. The chaotic behaviour which follows an
initial regular evolution is characterized through the calculation of the
fractal dimension of the distribution of the final modes excited. The ambiguous
role of the largest Lyapunov exponent for unstable systems is also critically
reviewed.Comment: 10 pages, RevTeX, 4 figures not included but available upon reques
Chaos and Statistical Mechanics in the Hamiltonian Mean Field Model
We study the dynamical and statistical behavior of the Hamiltonian Mean Field
(HMF) model in order to investigate the relation between microscopic chaos and
phase transitions. HMF is a simple toy model of fully-coupled rotators
which shows a second order phase transition. The canonical thermodynamical
solution is briefly recalled and its predictions are tested numerically at
finite . The Vlasov stationary solution is shown to give the same
consistency equation of the canonical solution and its predictions for rotator
angle and momenta distribution functions agree very well with numerical
simulations. A link is established between the behavior of the maximal Lyapunov
exponent and that of thermodynamical fluctuations, expressed by kinetic energy
fluctuations or specific heat. The extensivity of chaos in the
limit is tested through the scaling properties of Lyapunov spectra and of the
Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy. Chaotic dynamics provides the mixing property in
phase space necessary for obtaining equilibration; however, the relaxation time
to equilibrium grows with , at least near the critical point. Our results
constitute an interesting bridge between Hamiltonian chaos in many degrees of
freedom systems and equilibrium thermodynamics.Comment: 19 pages, 10 postscript figures included, Latex, Elsevier macros
included. Invited talk at the conference ``Classical Chaos and its quantum
manifestations'' in honour of Boris Chirikov, Sputnik conference of STATPHYS
20 - Toulouse, France - July 16-18, 1998. Revised version (added refs,
changed part of the text and some figures) accepted for publication in
Physica
One-body dissipation and chaotic dynamics in a classical simulation of a nuclear gas
In order to understand the origin of one-body dissipation in nuclei, we
analyze the behavior of a gas of classical particles moving in a
two-dimensional cavity with nuclear dimensions. This "nuclear" billiard has
multipole-deformed walls which undergo periodic shape oscillations. We
demonstrate that a single particle Hamiltonian containing coupling terms
between the particles' motion and the collective coordinate induces a chaotic
dynamics for any multipolarity, independently on the geometry of the billiard.
If the coupling terms are switched off the "wall formula" predictions are
recovered. We discuss the dissipative behavior of the wall motion and its
relation with the order-to-chaos transition in the dynamics of the microscopic
degrees of freedom.Comment: 16 pages, 12 postscript figures included, revtex, new version
completely revised accepted by Physical Review C and scheduled to appear in
the issue of november 199
Proposal for an MRPC system with high-precision timing in the LVD structure
The purpose of this paper is to present a project in order to verify -without the need of knowing the distance CERN-Gran Sasso- the discovery made by the OPERA Collaboration concerning the speed of the CERN neutrinos. The project consists of two parts. A simple one and a less simple one. Both have the great advantage of being totally independent of the knowledge of the distance, â 732 km, between the two Labs, CERN and LNGS, where the neutrinos are produced and detected, respectively. The "simple" version of this project is based on the high-energy horizontal cosmic muons, which traverse LVD and OPERA detectors, thus allowing to cross-calibrate the timing systems of both experiments in a way which is totally independent of the TOF measurements of CNGS. This component of the project is being studied in collaboration with the OPERA group, as the time stabilities of both experiments are needed. In fact it is since a long time that the two groups are engaged with this problem. In this paper we will present and discuss the "less simple" part which allows to establish, at the highest possible level of accuracy, if (v > c) effects really exist. © SocietĂ Italiana di Fisica/Springer-Verlag 2012
Proposal for an MRPC system with high-precision timing in the LVD structure
The purpose of this paper is to present a project in order to verify -without the need of knowing the distance CERN-Gran Sasso- the discovery made by the OPERA Collaboration concerning the speed of the CERN neutrinos. The project consists of two parts. A simple one and a less simple one. Both have the great advantage of being totally independent of the knowledge of the distance, â 732 km, between the two Labs, CERN and LNGS, where the neutrinos are produced and detected, respectively. The "simple" version of this project is based on the high-energy horizontal cosmic muons, which traverse LVD and OPERA detectors, thus allowing to cross-calibrate the timing systems of both experiments in a way which is totally independent of the TOF measurements of CNGS. This component of the project is being studied in collaboration with the OPERA group, as the time stabilities of both experiments are needed. In fact it is since a long time that the two groups are engaged with this problem. In this paper we will present and discuss the "less simple" part which allows to establish, at the highest possible level of accuracy, if (v > c) effects really exist