Myiasis caused by Dermatobia hominis in Mexico: morphological and molecular identification using the cytochrome oxidase I gene

Myiasis caused by Dermatobia hominis, the human botfly, is frequent in the Americas, however, scarce morphological and molecular information exist regarding this dipteran. We describe three cases in urban areas of Mexico were D. hominis is not endemic. Morphological and genetic identification were performed using the cytochrome oxidase I as a molecular marker. The mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene is useful for inferring the genetic divergence of D. hominis

Evidence‐based treatment for gynoid lipodystrophy: A review of the recent literature

Resumen La lipodistrofia ginoide (LDG) es una alteracion estructural, inflamatoria y bioquımica del tejido subcutaneo que causa modificaciones topograficas en la piel. Conocida comunmente como “celulitis”, la LDG afecta hasta a 90% de las mujeres, practicamente en todas las etapas de la vida, iniciando en la pubertad. Se trata de una condicion que afecta considerablemente la calidad de vida de quien la padece. Es motivo frecuente de consulta aunque las pacientes recurren a tratamientos empıricos, improvisados, sin bases ni evidencia cientıfica, los cuales desmotivan y producen frustracion no solo por su falta de resultados, sino por complicaciones derivadas de dichos tratamientos. Un grupo de expertos de diversas especialidades involucradas en el manejo de este problema presenta en este artıculo el resultado de una busqueda bibliografica sistematica y de la discusion consensuada de la evidencia obtenida de diversos tratamientos disponibles actualmente. El analisis se dividio en tratamientos topicos, tratamientos sistemicos, tratamientos no invasivos y tratamientos mınimamente invasivos

Tinea Unguium: Diagnosis and Treatment in Practice

Onychomycosis is caused by dermatophytes, yeasts or non-dermatophyte molds; when caused by dermatophytes, it is called tinea unguium. The main etiological agents are Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton interdigitale. The most frequent types are distal and lateral subungual onychomycosis. Diagnosis usually requires mycological laboratory confirmation. Dermoscopy can be helpful and also biopsy is an excellent diagnostic method in uncommon cases or when mycological test is negative. Treatment must be chosen according to clinical type, number of affected nails and severity. The goal for antifungal therapy is the clearing of clinical signs or mycological cure

Unusual pyloric obstruction in children. Report of six operated cases

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) is a condition present in approxi- mately 0.25-0.5% of all live newborns 1. It usually presents between the third and the twelfth weeks of extrauterine life, predominantly in males in a 4:1 ratio. HPS results from a hypertrophy of the muscle layer, the etiology is unknown and leads to high intestinal obstruc- tion 2. Pyloric obstruction (PO) is present beyond the age-range for HPS, its frequency is unusual, its incidence is unknown, and in most cases it is secondary to other pathologies 1,3. We present six patients between the ages of four months and four years, with pyloric obstruction (PO) seen at the Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, between January 2005 and January 2010. The main post-surgical diagnoses of these cases were fenestrated antral membrane, and pyloric obstruction secondary to peptic ulcer di- sease. While HPS is well known among pediatricians, there are still patients diagnosed very late, as was case-study number 1 in our series. The procedures used in patients with PO were Heineke Mickulicz antropyloroplasty, Jaboulay gastroduodenal anastomosis and Fin- ney pyloroplasty, with good post-surgical results after an average 6 months follow-up

Portal vein pneumatosis. Report of a case and review of the literature

Portal venous gas is a condition usually detected in a radiologic sign in which gas is seen in the portal vein. We report the case of an infant with portal venous gas secondary to intestinal ischemia, which is one of the most frequent of its causes and which has a high mortality. This condition may be associated with many child- hood diseases. It is not necessarily fatal. Abdomen X-rays allows to diagnosis in advanced phases of the disease. However, ultra- sound and tomography have made it easier and more opportune to diagnose it. The treatment and the prognosis will depend on the cause of the portal venous gas. Treatment not always requires a surgery; prognosis is not always bad. Mortality increases when it is associated to intestinal ischemia

Distal intestinal obstruction syndrome as unusual manifestation of cystic fibrosis. Report of a case

Introduction: Distal intestinal obstruction syndrome (DIOS) or “meconium ileus equivalent” is a blockage of the terminal ileum or of the ascending colon caused by inspissated stools in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) beyond the neonatal period. We report the case of a girl who presented with DIOS as an unusual manifestation which lead to the diagnosis of CF. Case presentation: A 7 year-old female presented with bowel ob- struction that required an exploratory laparotomy. Abundant inspis- sated stools were found obstructing the distal ileum. An enterotomy with extraction of the inspissated material was performed. A few days later the patient presented once more with acute abdomen requiring a second exploratory laparotomy. Dehiscence of the intestinal suture line was found and an ileostomy with mucous fistula was carried out. The histopathologic study showed findings compatible with CF and the sweat chloride test confirmed the diagnosis. Discussion: DIOS as the first manifestation of CF is very unusual. It is important to know this entity and to have a high index of suspicion to diagnose CF when it is found. If DIOS is suspected, conservative treatment should be tried before subjecting the patient to surgery