CERIF Best Practice

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CRIS AND INSTITUTIONAL REPOSITORIES

CRIS (Current Research Information Systems) provide researchers, research managers, innovators, and others with a view over the research activity of a domain. IRs (institutional repositories) provide a mechanism for an organisation to showcase through OA (open access) its intellectual property. Increasingly, organizations are mandating that their employed researchers deposit peer-reviewed published material in the IR. Research funders are increasingly mandating that publications be deposited in an open access repository: some mandate a central (or subject-based) repository, some an IR. In parallel, publishers are offering OA but replacing subscription-based access with author (or author institution) payment for publishing. However, many OA repositories have metadata based on DC (Dublin Core) which is inadequate; a CERIF (Common-European Research Information Format) CRIS provides metadata describing publications with formal syntax and declared semantics thus facilitating interoperation or homogeneous access over heterogeneous sources. The formality is essential for research output metrics, which are increasingly being used to determine future funding for research organizations

Current Research Information Systems (CRIS): Past, Present and Future

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From open data to data-intensive science through CERIF

OGD (Open Government Data) is provided from government departments for transparency and to stimulate a market in ICT services for industry and citizens. Research datasets from publicly funded research commonly are associated with the open scholarly publications movement. However, the former world commonly is derived from the latter with generalisation and summarisation. There is advantage in a user of OGD being able to ‘drill down’ to the underlying research datasets. OGD encourages cross-domain research because the summarized data from different domains is more easily relatable. Bridging across the two worlds requires rich metadata; CERIF (Common European research Information Format) has proved itself to be ideally suited to this requirement. Utilising the research datasets is data-intensive science, a component of e-Research. Data-intensive science also requires access to an e-infrastructure. Virtualisation of this e-infrastructure optimizes this

Hvordan vektlegger kommuner strandsonevern mot byggeinteresser for fritidsboliger gjennom dispensasjonsadgang?

Sammendrag Strandsonen i Norge er forsøkt ivaretatt gjennom et generelt strandsonevern som følger etter Plan- og bygningsloven 2008. Dette byggeforbudet er strammet inn fra tidligere lovverk. Det er gjennom statlige planretningslinjer for differensiert strandsoneforvaltning fastsatt at kommunene som grenser til sjø skal deles inn i enten sone 1, 2 eller 3. Sonene skal speile utbyggingspresset i strandsonen og legge føringer til hvordan kommunene bør forvalte strandsonen og arealpolitikken. Dette i et forsøk om mer bærekraftig måte sikre nasjonale og regionale interesser for strandsonen. Sammen med det innstrammede byggeforbudet må kommunene ta stilling til om det er rettslig utgangspunkt å tillate utbygging i strandsonen. Kommunene har mulighet i å tillate bygging i strandsonen i lys av kommuneplanens arealdel gjennom egne byggegrenser, reguleringsplaner eller dispensasjoner. Når en ser til forarbeidere til plan- og bygningsloven 2008 og dispensasjonsbestemmelsen, kommer det fra at dispensasjon er en snever unntaksregel. Det kan derfor i enkelte tilfeller være at dispensasjoner går imot kommuneplanens areadel og byggeforbudet. Med mye byggeinteresser for fritidsboliger vil kommunen ofte måtte ta stilling til dispensasjonssøknader fra innbyggere. Oppgaven beveger seg inn i dette gjennom å se på Kristiansand og Egersund kommune. Disse kommunene ligger begge i sone 2 etter planretningslinjene hvor dispensasjon i områder med stort press skal unngås. Oppgaven ønsker å se på disse kommunene igjennom problemstillingen om hvordan kommunene vektlegger strandsonevern mot byggeinteresser for fritidsboliger gjennom dispensasjonsadgang. Jeg bruker følgende delproblemstillinger til å gi problemstillingen svar: Hvilke momenter er med å avgjøre om kommunen gir dispensasjon eller ikke fra det alminnelige byggeforbudet i 100-metersbeltet På hvilken måte skiller dispensasjonssaker om fritidsboliger seg kontra andre saker i strandsonen? I hvilken grad er det harmoni mellom strandsonevernet og plangrunnlaget – hemmer summen av dispensasjoner strandsonehensynene som vernet skal beskytte? For å finne svar har jeg foretatt semistrukturerte intervju med saksbehandlere fra Kristiansand og Egersund kommune. I tillegg er det gjennomført et dokument studie av gjeldene arealplaner og bestemmelser. Det er også gjort en gjennomgang av arealformål fra Søgne kommuneplan 2018 - 2030. Jeg har i tillegg foretatt et dokumentstudie av dispensasjonsvedtak gjort på Søgne kommuneplan 2018 – 2030 og innhentet data fra planen ble vedtatt til i dag. Funnene viser at Kristiansand kommune i gjennomgåtte vedtak har lagt vesentlig vekt på hvor mye området var bygget ut fra før, som har gitt utgangspunkt i vurderingen om området tåler mer og om det påvirker allmenne- og landskapsinteresser. Det er ikke et vesentlig skille i hvordan dispensasjonssaker om fritidsboliger behandles kontra andre saker. Den største forskjellen ligger mer i at det er flest dispensasjonssaker om fritidsboliger enn andre formål. Øvrige planer og bestemmelser er den faktor som avgjør om en sak behandles vesentlig ulikt fra en annen sak. Dette viser også til viktigheten med gode og oppdaterte planer, som igjen ville gjort strandsonevernet lettere å ivareta. Oppgaven viser til at flere områder i strandsonen settes til LNF-formål gjennom øvrige planer, som til en stor grad harmoniserer med strandsonevernet. Men ettersom det foreligger veldig få oppdaterte reguleringsplaner med byggegrense, utløses dispensasjonskravet ofte ved gjennomføring av tiltak i strandsonen. Ofte blir et dispensasjonsvedtak vurdert administrativt, men andre ganger politisk, som kan gi ulike utfall på vurderingen. Vurderingen om dispensasjon skal gis eller ikke ser ut til å vektlegge byggeinteresser mer enn strandsonevernet og planformål. Dette synes spesielt om en ser på summen av alle dispensasjonssaker: arealplanen fragås ofte og i den spesifikke sak klarer en ikke alltid å identifisere hensynene opp mot strandsonevernet.Abstract The coastal zone in Norway is protected through a general coastal zone protection framework established by the Planning and Building Act of 2008. This building prohibition has been tightened compared to previous legislation. State planning directives for differentiated coastal zone management determine that municipalities bordering the sea should be categorized into Zone 1, Zone 2, or Zone 3. These zones reflect the development pressure in the coastal zone and provide guidelines for how municipalities should manage the coastal zone and land use policies. The aim is to ensure more sustainable protection of national and regional interests in the coastal zone. Alongside the stricter building prohibition, municipalities must consider whether there is a legal basis to allow development in the coastal zone. Municipalities have the authority to permit construction in the coastal zone through their comprehensive land-use plans, zoning plans, or by granting dispensations. According to the legislative history of the Planning and Building Act of 2008 and the dispensation provision, it is evident that dispensations are intended to only limited exceptions. In some cases, dispensations may conflict with the municipality's land-use plan and the building prohibition. Given the significant interest in holiday home construction, municipalities often must evaluate dispensation requests from residents. This study focuses on Kristiansand and Egersund municipalities to examine how they balance coastal zone protection against building interests for holiday homes through dispensation processes. The following sub-research questions are used to provide answers to the main research question: * What factors influence the municipality's decision to grant or deny dispensations from the general building prohibition in the 100-meter zone? * In what ways do dispensation cases for holiday homes differ from other cases in the coastal zone? * To what extent is there harmony between coastal zone protection and the planning framework, and do the cumulative dispensations undermine the coastal zone conservation objectives? To find answers, semi-structured interviews were conducted with case handlers from Kristiansand and Egersund municipalities. Additionally, a document study was carried out on the current spatial plans and regulations. An analysis of land-use objectives in the Søgne municipal plan for 2018-2030 was also conducted. Furthermore, a document study of dispensation decisions made within the Søgne municipal plan from 2018 to the present was conducted. The findings reveal that in the examined decisions, Kristiansand municipality placed significant emphasis on the existing level of development in the area as a basis for determining whether the area can withstand further development and its impact on public and landscape interests. There is no substantial difference in how dispensation cases for holiday homes are treated compared to other cases. The main difference lies in the higher number of dispensation cases for holiday homes compared to other purposes. Other plans and regulations are the key factors determining whether a particular case is treated significantly differently from another. This underscores the importance of having well-developed and up-to-date plans, which would facilitate the protection of the coastal zone. The study also reveals that several areas within the coastal zone are designated for agricultural, forestry, and nature conservation purposes in other plans, which to a large extent aligns with coastal zone protection objectives. However, due to the limited number of updated zoning plans with building restrictions, the requirement for dispensations is often triggered when implementing activities in the coastal zone. Dispensations decisions are often assessed administratively, but in other cases, they are evaluated politically, which can result in different outcomes in the assessment. The assessment of whether to grant a dispensation appears to prioritize building interests over coastal zone protection and planning objectives. This is particularly evident when considering the cumulative impact of all dispensation cases, as the land-use plan is frequently disregarded, and the specific considerations related to coastal zone protection are not always adequately identified

From open data to data-intensive science through CERIF

OGD (Open Government Data) is provided from government departments for transparency and to stimulate a market in ICT services for industry and citizens. Research datasets from publicly funded research commonly are associated with the open scholarly publications movement. However, the former world commonly is derived from the latter with generalisation and summarisation. There is advantage in a user of OGD being able to ‘drill down’ to the underlying research datasets. OGD encourages cross-domain research because the summarized data from different domains is more easily relatable. Bridging across the two worlds requires rich metadata; CERIF (Common European research Information Format) has proved itself to be ideally suited to this requirement. Utilising the research datasets is data-intensive science, a component of e-Research. Data-intensive science also requires access to an e-infrastructure. Virtualisation of this e-infrastructure optimizes this

Differences in Complication Rates of Gluteoplasty Procedures That Utilize Autologous Fat Grafting, Implants, or Local Flaps.

BACKGROUND:Gluteoplasty (gluteal augmentation) procedures are increasing in popularity, but there is not a universally accepted technique to produce optimal outcomes while minimizing risk. In this systematic review, we perform a meta-analysis to evaluate rates of complication from autologous fat grafting, implants, and local flaps, which are the three most common gluteoplasty operations. METHODS:A search of the PubMed/MEDLINE database for articles including the terms "gluteoplasty" OR "gluteal augmentation" OR "buttock augmentation" OR "Brazilian butt lift" OR "gluteal autologous fat graft" OR "buttock autologous fat graft" OR "gluteal implant" OR "buttock implant" OR "gluteal flap" OR "buttock flap" generated 229 articles. This number was brought down to 134 after initial screening by title. Inclusion criteria then removed those not written in English, those without access to the full text, those without extractable data on complications, and duplicates, leaving 46 articles to examine. RESULTS:A total of 4362 patients who underwent gluteoplasty between 1992 and 2017 were found. The overall complication rate was 12.4%. Implants had the highest rate (31.4%), whereas fat grafting had the lowest (6.8%); flaps were intermediate (23.1%). A χ test yielded a statistically significant (P < 0.001) nonindependent relationship between combined complication rate and type of surgery. Individual complications, such as asymmetry, capsular contracture, fat embolism, hematoma, infection, necrosis, pain, seroma, wide scar formation, and wound dehiscence, were also analyzed. CONCLUSIONS:Fat grafting by plastic surgeons might be the best option for gluteoplasty with regard to complications. In certain cases, however, there may only exist one choice for an operation because of anatomical limitations, which predisposes patients to those associated complications

Anatomical and pathological characteristics of ribs in the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and its relevance to soft tissue changes

Studies on the anatomical and pathological characteristics of ribs in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) are warranted due to their possible association with red and melanized focal changes (RFC and MFC) in the fillet, a major quality and animal welfare concern. In this work, we provide an anatomical description of ribs based on radiographical and histological analyses. We also address various pathological rib changes and their association to RFC and MFC. In total, 129 fish were investigated; captured wild (n = 10) and hatchery reared (n = 119) Atlantic salmon (3.5–6.1 kg). The fish were selected based on the macroscopic presence of RFC, MFC or no changes (controls). Radiographic results revealed costal abnormalities in all fish groups. By histological investigations of the variations herein, our results provide new insight into the anatomical characteristics including vascularization within the ribs; a potential site for haemorrhage following costal fractures. Costal fractures were detected by radiology in 40 of 129 samples (RFC: 38.4%, MFC: 47.2%, controls: 9.5 %). A statistically significant association was found between costal fractures and red (p = 0.007) and melanized changes (p = 0.000). However, red and melanized changes were also observed in samples with no costal fractures (n = 45), indicating that also other factors influence the development of RFC/MFC.publishedVersio

Data Intensive Science: Shades of Grey

The vast majority of research output is grey; white (peer reviewed scholarly publications) forms a minor proportion. Historically, grey material was generated and used within an organisation. However, in recent years some research- relevant grey material is being made openly available. Among grey outputs, research datasets are the largest proportion by volume and increasingly these are being made openly available. It is necessary for users of grey material to have some indication of reliability (quality, context, availability) so that they can judge whether the grey material is appropriate to their requirements. Rich metadata provides a mechanism for such evaluation. CERIF (Common European Research Information Format) provides such a rich metadata environment. Furthermore, CERIF allows generation of discovery level metadata (such as DC (Dublin Core), DCAT (Data Catalog Vocabulary), CKAN (Comprehensive Knowledge Archive Network) for simple retrieval or browsing and provides navigation to more detailed and specific metadata about the grey object. CERIF provides a bridge over research datasets and open government data. CERIF thus forms the lowest common level of metadata across grey (and white) objects

CERIF-Cris for the European e-Infrastructure

The European e-infrastructure is the ICT support for research, although the infrastructure will be extended for commercial / business use. It supports the research process across funding agencies to research institutions to innovation. It supports experimental facilities, modelling and simulation, communication between researchers and workflow of research processes and research management. We propose the core should be CERIF; a EU recommendation to member states for exchanging research information and for homogeneous access to heterogeneous information. CERIF can also integrate associated systems (such as finance, human resource, project management, library services). CERIF provides interoperation between research institutions, research funders and innovators