Revisiting ecological behaviours of the coastal communities of Zanzibar Implications for non-formal environmental education programmes

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FT-IR and MAS NMR analysis of montmorillonite K10 supported MF2 reagents and their activity as catalysis /

ZnF2, CdF2, and CUF2 have been adsorbed onto the surface of montmorillonite K10, and the infrared and 19F, 27 AI, and 29Si MAS NMR spectra of the reagents over a range of loadings have been obtained. CUF2 was observed to attack the Si02 layer and form the complex CuSiF6, Zn F2 tends to attack the aluminium oxide layer, in which Zn isomorphously replaces AI, and forms AIF3 and AIF4 - complexes. All the spectroscopic evidence ruled out the formation of any AI-F and/or Si-F free species as CdF2 is adsorbed on the surface of montmorillonite K10. The reactivity of MF2-K10 reagents towards Friedel-Crafts benzylation of benzene with benzyl chloride varied from one reagent to another. ZnF2-K10 was observed to be the most reactive and CUF2 was the least reactive

The status of seabirds at Latham Island, Tanzania

Latham Island, Tanzania, was surveyed in August 2004 — the first known survey of the island outside the period October–March — and in December 2005. On both surveys, four species of seabird were breeding at the island. Larger numbers of swift tern Sterna bergii thalassina and common noddy Anous stolidus plumbeigularis were breeding in August than in December, but the converse was true for masked booby Sula dactylatra melanops and sooty tern Sterna fuscata nubilosa. The estimated breeding populations of the four species were: masked booby (3 700 pairs), swift tern (320 pairs), sooty tern (4 400 pairs) and common noddy (4 000 pairs). These represent about 20%, 50%

The food of three seabirds at Latham Island, Tanzania, with observations on foraging by masked boobies Sula dactylatra

At Latham Island, Tanzania, in August 2004 and December 2005, flying fish (Exocoetidae) contributed 90% by mass of prey items regurgitated by masked boobies Sula dactylatra. The fish had a mean caudal length of 164mm. Two boobies generally foraged in deep water, away from the Tanzanian coastline, ranging up to 390km from the island. Maximum distances flown on trips exceeded 1 000km during breeding and approached 3 000km when not breeding. Some foraging trips exceeded six days. Swift terns Sterna bergii consumed small fish and mantis shrimps Natosquilla investigatoris. Mantis shrimps recovered from the colony were significantly larger than those stranded on the island's beach, suggesting that swift terns preferentially took larger animals. Sooty terns Sterna fuscata fed on small fish and squid.Keywords: food, foraging, Latham Island, masked booby, sooty tern, Sterna bergii, Sterna fuscata, Sula dactylatra, swift ternAfrican Journal of Marine Science 2006, 28(1): 109–11