8 research outputs found

    The impact of climatic events and drought on the shrinkage and swelling phenomenon of clayey soils interacting with constructions

    No full text
    Le changement climatique et les Ă©vĂ©nements climatiques sĂ©vĂšres tels que les pĂ©riodes de sĂ©cheresse/humidification prolongĂ©es sont Ă  l'origine du phĂ©nomĂšne de retrait-gonflement dans les sols argileux. Ce phĂ©nomĂšne est affectĂ© par les interactions sol-vĂ©gĂ©tation-atmosphĂšre (SVA) et peut causer d’importants dommages structurels aux constructions lĂ©gĂšres telles que les bĂątiments rĂ©sidentiels. L’objectif de ce travail de recherche est de modĂ©liser le comportement in situ du retrait-gonflement des sols gonflants dans un contexte SVA en se basent sur des outils numĂ©riques. Une mĂ©thode d'interaction sol-atmosphĂšre est initialement prĂ©sentĂ©e accompagnĂ©e d’un modĂšle couplĂ© hydro-thermique du sol. Cette approche a Ă©tĂ© principalement mise en place afin de dĂ©terminer les conditions aux limites temporelles Ă  la surface du sol en se basent sur la notion du bilan de masse et d'Ă©nergie pour dĂ©terminer a posteriori, les modifications spatio-temporelles de la succion du sol, de la teneur en eau et de la tempĂ©rature. Cette approche a Ă©tĂ© validĂ©e Ă  l'aide des observations in situ des sites instrumentĂ©s. Par la suite, l’influence de l’absorption d’eau par les vĂ©gĂ©tations a Ă©tĂ© intĂ©grĂ©e dans le terme source de l’écoulement de l’eau dans un milieu non saturĂ©, Ă  l’aide d’un modĂšle d’absorption d’eau de racine existant.Les variations temporelles de succion ont Ă©tĂ© postĂ©rieurement reliĂ©es au comportement volumique du sol en appliquant une approche simple dĂ©veloppĂ©e Ă  partir des rĂ©sultats expĂ©rimentaux des essais de sĂ©chage/humidification rĂ©alisĂ©s dans la littĂ©rature. Les indices associĂ©s dans le plan indice des vides-log succion, ainsi que les paramĂštres complĂ©mentaires du modĂšle linĂ©aire ont Ă©tĂ© corrĂ©lĂ©s aux paramĂštres gĂ©otechniques de base. L'approche proposĂ©e a Ă©tĂ© ultĂ©rieurement validĂ©e avec des donnĂ©es in situ fournies par la surveillance d’un site expĂ©rimental. Le site expĂ©rimental de Roaillan a Ă©tĂ© instrumentĂ© afin de surveiller les modifications physiques du sol ainsi que le comportement structurel du bĂątiment. Les comparaisons entre les rĂ©sultats de la modĂ©lisation et les observations in situ de la succion du sol, la teneur en eau, la tempĂ©rature et les mouvements du sol dans le temps ont montrĂ© une performance acceptable du modĂšle. L’approche a ensuite Ă©tĂ© appliquĂ©e pour Ă©tudier l’influence des projections climatiques futures (2050) sur les variables physiques et les mouvements du sol sur ce site. Trois scĂ©narios RCP relatifs aux changements climatiques ont Ă©tĂ© examinĂ©s dans cette Ă©tude, qui ont rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© des diffĂ©rents comportements possibles Ă  court terme et Ă  long terme. Finalement, l'approche dĂ©veloppĂ©e a Ă©tĂ© appliquĂ©e au territoire français en le divisant en six rĂ©gions climatiques. DiffĂ©rents paramĂštres de sol ont Ă©tĂ© attribuĂ©s Ă  chacune de ces rĂ©gions climatiques afin de dĂ©finir les conditions de rĂ©fĂ©rence. En consĂ©quence, l’influence de diffĂ©rents facteurs externes sur les mouvements du sol a Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©e sur une pĂ©riode donnĂ©e. Enfin, l’étude suggĂšre les mesures adĂ©quates Ă  prendre pour minimiser l’amplitude du phĂ©nomĂšne de retrait et de gonflement dans un contexte SVA.Climate change and severe climatic events such as long drought/rehydration periods are at the origin of the shrinkage and swelling phenomenon in expansive soils. This phenomenon is affected by Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere (SVA) interactions and can cause severe structural damage to lightly loaded constructions such as residential buildings. The objective of this re-search work is to simulate the in-situ behavior of the shrinkage-swelling in expansive soils in a SVA context using numerical tools. A soil-atmosphere interaction method is primarily presented along with a coupled hydro-thermal soil model. This approach was established in order to determine primarily, the natural time variable boundary conditions at the considered soil surface based on the mass and energy balance concept, and secondly to determine the spatial-temporal changes of the soil suction, water content and temperature. This approach was validated using in situ observations of monitored sites. Thereafter, the influence of the water uptake by vegetation was incorporated in the source term of the unsaturated water flow theory, using an existing root water uptake model. Subsequently, the temporal variations of the soil suction were related to the volume change behavior using a simple approach developed based on the experimental results of drying/wetting tests performed in the literature. The associated volumetric indices in the void ratio-log suction plan, along with the complementary parameters of the linear model were correlated with basic geotechnical parameters. The proposed approach was validated with in situ data provided from an experimental site. The Roaillan experimental site was instrumented in order to monitor the soil’s physical changes along with the structural behavior of the building. Comparisons between the simulated and observed soil suction, soil water content, temperature and soil movements in time and depth showed an acceptable performance of the predictions. The approach was then extended to study the influence of future climate projections (2050) on the soil’s physical variables and movements. Three RCP climate change scenarios were considered in this analysis which revealed different possible behavior in both short term and long term. Finally, the developed approach was applied to the French territory by dividing it to six different climatic regions. Different soil parameters were attributed to each of these climatic regions in order to set the reference condition. Thereafter, the influence of different external factors was analyzed on the soil movements over a chosen period. The study finally suggests the adequate actions to take for minimizing the amplitude of the shrinkage and swelling phenome-non in a SVA context

    The impact of climatic events and drought on the shrinkage and swelling phenomenon of clayey soils interacting with constructions

    No full text
    Le changement climatique et les Ă©vĂ©nements climatiques sĂ©vĂšres tels que les pĂ©riodes de sĂ©cheresse/humidification prolongĂ©es sont Ă  l'origine du phĂ©nomĂšne de retrait-gonflement dans les sols argileux. Ce phĂ©nomĂšne est affectĂ© par les interactions sol-vĂ©gĂ©tation-atmosphĂšre (SVA) et peut causer d’importants dommages structurels aux constructions lĂ©gĂšres telles que les bĂątiments rĂ©sidentiels. L’objectif de ce travail de recherche est de modĂ©liser le comportement in situ du retrait-gonflement des sols gonflants dans un contexte SVA en se basent sur des outils numĂ©riques. Une mĂ©thode d'interaction sol-atmosphĂšre est initialement prĂ©sentĂ©e accompagnĂ©e d’un modĂšle couplĂ© hydro-thermique du sol. Cette approche a Ă©tĂ© principalement mise en place afin de dĂ©terminer les conditions aux limites temporelles Ă  la surface du sol en se basent sur la notion du bilan de masse et d'Ă©nergie pour dĂ©terminer a posteriori, les modifications spatio-temporelles de la succion du sol, de la teneur en eau et de la tempĂ©rature. Cette approche a Ă©tĂ© validĂ©e Ă  l'aide des observations in situ des sites instrumentĂ©s. Par la suite, l’influence de l’absorption d’eau par les vĂ©gĂ©tations a Ă©tĂ© intĂ©grĂ©e dans le terme source de l’écoulement de l’eau dans un milieu non saturĂ©, Ă  l’aide d’un modĂšle d’absorption d’eau de racine existant.Les variations temporelles de succion ont Ă©tĂ© postĂ©rieurement reliĂ©es au comportement volumique du sol en appliquant une approche simple dĂ©veloppĂ©e Ă  partir des rĂ©sultats expĂ©rimentaux des essais de sĂ©chage/humidification rĂ©alisĂ©s dans la littĂ©rature. Les indices associĂ©s dans le plan indice des vides-log succion, ainsi que les paramĂštres complĂ©mentaires du modĂšle linĂ©aire ont Ă©tĂ© corrĂ©lĂ©s aux paramĂštres gĂ©otechniques de base. L'approche proposĂ©e a Ă©tĂ© ultĂ©rieurement validĂ©e avec des donnĂ©es in situ fournies par la surveillance d’un site expĂ©rimental. Le site expĂ©rimental de Roaillan a Ă©tĂ© instrumentĂ© afin de surveiller les modifications physiques du sol ainsi que le comportement structurel du bĂątiment. Les comparaisons entre les rĂ©sultats de la modĂ©lisation et les observations in situ de la succion du sol, la teneur en eau, la tempĂ©rature et les mouvements du sol dans le temps ont montrĂ© une performance acceptable du modĂšle. L’approche a ensuite Ă©tĂ© appliquĂ©e pour Ă©tudier l’influence des projections climatiques futures (2050) sur les variables physiques et les mouvements du sol sur ce site. Trois scĂ©narios RCP relatifs aux changements climatiques ont Ă©tĂ© examinĂ©s dans cette Ă©tude, qui ont rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© des diffĂ©rents comportements possibles Ă  court terme et Ă  long terme. Finalement, l'approche dĂ©veloppĂ©e a Ă©tĂ© appliquĂ©e au territoire français en le divisant en six rĂ©gions climatiques. DiffĂ©rents paramĂštres de sol ont Ă©tĂ© attribuĂ©s Ă  chacune de ces rĂ©gions climatiques afin de dĂ©finir les conditions de rĂ©fĂ©rence. En consĂ©quence, l’influence de diffĂ©rents facteurs externes sur les mouvements du sol a Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©e sur une pĂ©riode donnĂ©e. Enfin, l’étude suggĂšre les mesures adĂ©quates Ă  prendre pour minimiser l’amplitude du phĂ©nomĂšne de retrait et de gonflement dans un contexte SVA.Climate change and severe climatic events such as long drought/rehydration periods are at the origin of the shrinkage and swelling phenomenon in expansive soils. This phenomenon is affected by Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere (SVA) interactions and can cause severe structural damage to lightly loaded constructions such as residential buildings. The objective of this re-search work is to simulate the in-situ behavior of the shrinkage-swelling in expansive soils in a SVA context using numerical tools. A soil-atmosphere interaction method is primarily presented along with a coupled hydro-thermal soil model. This approach was established in order to determine primarily, the natural time variable boundary conditions at the considered soil surface based on the mass and energy balance concept, and secondly to determine the spatial-temporal changes of the soil suction, water content and temperature. This approach was validated using in situ observations of monitored sites. Thereafter, the influence of the water uptake by vegetation was incorporated in the source term of the unsaturated water flow theory, using an existing root water uptake model. Subsequently, the temporal variations of the soil suction were related to the volume change behavior using a simple approach developed based on the experimental results of drying/wetting tests performed in the literature. The associated volumetric indices in the void ratio-log suction plan, along with the complementary parameters of the linear model were correlated with basic geotechnical parameters. The proposed approach was validated with in situ data provided from an experimental site. The Roaillan experimental site was instrumented in order to monitor the soil’s physical changes along with the structural behavior of the building. Comparisons between the simulated and observed soil suction, soil water content, temperature and soil movements in time and depth showed an acceptable performance of the predictions. The approach was then extended to study the influence of future climate projections (2050) on the soil’s physical variables and movements. Three RCP climate change scenarios were considered in this analysis which revealed different possible behavior in both short term and long term. Finally, the developed approach was applied to the French territory by dividing it to six different climatic regions. Different soil parameters were attributed to each of these climatic regions in order to set the reference condition. Thereafter, the influence of different external factors was analyzed on the soil movements over a chosen period. The study finally suggests the adequate actions to take for minimizing the amplitude of the shrinkage and swelling phenome-non in a SVA context

    L’impact des Ă©vĂ©nements climatiques et de la sĂ©cheresse sur le phĂ©nomĂšne du retrait gonflement des argiles en interaction avec les constructions

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    Climate change and severe climatic events such as long drought/rehydration periods are at the origin of the shrinkage and swelling phenomenon in expansive soils. This phenomenon is affected by Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere (SVA) interactions and can cause severe structural damage to lightly loaded constructions such as residential buildings. The objective of this re-search work is to simulate the in-situ behavior of the shrinkage-swelling in expansive soils in a SVA context using numerical tools. A soil-atmosphere interaction method is primarily presented along with a coupled hydro-thermal soil model. This approach was established in order to determine primarily, the natural time variable boundary conditions at the considered soil surface based on the mass and energy balance concept, and secondly to determine the spatial-temporal changes of the soil suction, water content and temperature. This approach was validated using in situ observations of monitored sites. Thereafter, the influence of the water uptake by vegetation was incorporated in the source term of the unsaturated water flow theory, using an existing root water uptake model. Subsequently, the temporal variations of the soil suction were related to the volume change behavior using a simple approach developed based on the experimental results of drying/wetting tests performed in the literature. The associated volumetric indices in the void ratio-log suction plan, along with the complementary parameters of the linear model were correlated with basic geotechnical parameters. The proposed approach was validated with in situ data provided from an experimental site. The Roaillan experimental site was instrumented in order to monitor the soil’s physical changes along with the structural behavior of the building. Comparisons between the simulated and observed soil suction, soil water content, temperature and soil movements in time and depth showed an acceptable performance of the predictions. The approach was then extended to study the influence of future climate projections (2050) on the soil’s physical variables and movements. Three RCP climate change scenarios were considered in this analysis which revealed different possible behavior in both short term and long term. Finally, the developed approach was applied to the French territory by dividing it to six different climatic regions. Different soil parameters were attributed to each of these climatic regions in order to set the reference condition. Thereafter, the influence of different external factors was analyzed on the soil movements over a chosen period. The study finally suggests the adequate actions to take for minimizing the amplitude of the shrinkage and swelling phenome-non in a SVA context.Le changement climatique et les Ă©vĂ©nements climatiques sĂ©vĂšres tels que les pĂ©riodes de sĂ©cheresse/humidification prolongĂ©es sont Ă  l'origine du phĂ©nomĂšne de retrait-gonflement dans les sols argileux. Ce phĂ©nomĂšne est affectĂ© par les interactions sol-vĂ©gĂ©tation-atmosphĂšre (SVA) et peut causer d’importants dommages structurels aux constructions lĂ©gĂšres telles que les bĂątiments rĂ©sidentiels. L’objectif de ce travail de recherche est de modĂ©liser le comportement in situ du retrait-gonflement des sols gonflants dans un contexte SVA en se basent sur des outils numĂ©riques. Une mĂ©thode d'interaction sol-atmosphĂšre est initialement prĂ©sentĂ©e accompagnĂ©e d’un modĂšle couplĂ© hydro-thermique du sol. Cette approche a Ă©tĂ© principalement mise en place afin de dĂ©terminer les conditions aux limites temporelles Ă  la surface du sol en se basent sur la notion du bilan de masse et d'Ă©nergie pour dĂ©terminer a posteriori, les modifications spatio-temporelles de la succion du sol, de la teneur en eau et de la tempĂ©rature. Cette approche a Ă©tĂ© validĂ©e Ă  l'aide des observations in situ des sites instrumentĂ©s. Par la suite, l’influence de l’absorption d’eau par les vĂ©gĂ©tations a Ă©tĂ© intĂ©grĂ©e dans le terme source de l’écoulement de l’eau dans un milieu non saturĂ©, Ă  l’aide d’un modĂšle d’absorption d’eau de racine existant.Les variations temporelles de succion ont Ă©tĂ© postĂ©rieurement reliĂ©es au comportement volumique du sol en appliquant une approche simple dĂ©veloppĂ©e Ă  partir des rĂ©sultats expĂ©rimentaux des essais de sĂ©chage/humidification rĂ©alisĂ©s dans la littĂ©rature. Les indices associĂ©s dans le plan indice des vides-log succion, ainsi que les paramĂštres complĂ©mentaires du modĂšle linĂ©aire ont Ă©tĂ© corrĂ©lĂ©s aux paramĂštres gĂ©otechniques de base. L'approche proposĂ©e a Ă©tĂ© ultĂ©rieurement validĂ©e avec des donnĂ©es in situ fournies par la surveillance d’un site expĂ©rimental. Le site expĂ©rimental de Roaillan a Ă©tĂ© instrumentĂ© afin de surveiller les modifications physiques du sol ainsi que le comportement structurel du bĂątiment. Les comparaisons entre les rĂ©sultats de la modĂ©lisation et les observations in situ de la succion du sol, la teneur en eau, la tempĂ©rature et les mouvements du sol dans le temps ont montrĂ© une performance acceptable du modĂšle. L’approche a ensuite Ă©tĂ© appliquĂ©e pour Ă©tudier l’influence des projections climatiques futures (2050) sur les variables physiques et les mouvements du sol sur ce site. Trois scĂ©narios RCP relatifs aux changements climatiques ont Ă©tĂ© examinĂ©s dans cette Ă©tude, qui ont rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© des diffĂ©rents comportements possibles Ă  court terme et Ă  long terme. Finalement, l'approche dĂ©veloppĂ©e a Ă©tĂ© appliquĂ©e au territoire français en le divisant en six rĂ©gions climatiques. DiffĂ©rents paramĂštres de sol ont Ă©tĂ© attribuĂ©s Ă  chacune de ces rĂ©gions climatiques afin de dĂ©finir les conditions de rĂ©fĂ©rence. En consĂ©quence, l’influence de diffĂ©rents facteurs externes sur les mouvements du sol a Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©e sur une pĂ©riode donnĂ©e. Enfin, l’étude suggĂšre les mesures adĂ©quates Ă  prendre pour minimiser l’amplitude du phĂ©nomĂšne de retrait et de gonflement dans un contexte SVA

    GPR monitoring for road transport infrastructure: a systematic review and machine learning insights

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    Suitable road pavements assessment becomes essential to provide safe traffic movements of people and goods. Moreover, a reliable transportation network is a crucial aspect of economic growth. Road pavements are subjected to various factors that influence overall performance (e.g., traffic load, temperature, moisture, delamination of the pavement layers, subsurface condition, etc.). These factors can reduce the infrastructure's life and decrease the circulation comfort of the vehicles in the transportation network. Early inspection of pavements optimizes maintenance and repairing methodologies, decreasing the maintenance cost and increasing the lifespan of the road pavements. Non-destructive techniques are strongly recommended to achieve accurate and valuable information from the subsurface condition. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a non-destructive geophysical method widely used on infrastructure assessment, particularly in road pavements, due to its low operation cost, time-saving, non-invasive, and less workforce. This paper presents a critical state of the art of applying GPR to diagnose road pavement and detect inner damages such as debonding, sinkholes, moisture, etc. The incorporation of the GPR with other complementary techniques in pavement inspection is also discussed. Through the review, the GPR capabilities for road inspection and evaluation of subsurface identification have been successfully demonstrated and validated in numerous studies and case studies. Finally, the application of more recent processing techniques to support decision-making owners/operators, such as machine learning and intelligent data analysis methods, and the future challenges on the GPR application in road pavements are introduced.- This project has received funding from the European Union's Hori-zon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreements No. 769129 (PANOPTIS) and No. 955356 (HERON) . The project has also partially supported by the GAIN, Xunta de Galicia, through the project ENDITi (Ref. ED431F 2021/08) . Rasol M. acknowledges the financial support from Gustave Eiffel University, and Solla M. acknowledges the grant RYC2019-026604-I funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by "ESF Investing in your future"
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