The psychometric properties of school belonging scale for primary school students: a validity and reliability study

This study aims at developing a valid and reliable scale to determine primary school students’ sense of school belonging. In this respect, the relevant literature on the concept of belonging was reviewed; interviews were conducted with field experts and primary school students to determine items to be included in the scale. An item pool was created based on the findings of these processes. Later, a pilot form was prepared by taking the opinions of 2 field and 2 measurement and evaluation experts to ensure that the scale items represent the structure measured. This form was administered to 254 primary school students studying in the 2018-2019 academic year, and the final scale was obtained as a result of exploratory factor analysis was applied to 287 primary school students in a different school. For validity evidence, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), convergent and discriminant analysis and item analysis; for reliability, findings of Cronbach Alpha and composite reliability coefficients were used. According to the exploratory factor analysis, the scale consisted of 3 factors with 13 items, and the total variance explained was 52.57%. As a result of the second-order confirmatory factor analysis of the obtained structure, the fit indices of the model showed that it was verified. The internal consistency coefficient of the developed model was α = .92 and the composite reliability coefficient was .93. These findings showed that the scale had psychometric properties to be used in future research

Burnout among surgeons before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: an international survey

Background: SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had many significant impacts within the surgical realm, and surgeons have been obligated to reconsider almost every aspect of daily clinical practice. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study reported in compliance with the CHERRIES guidelines and conducted through an online platform from June 14th to July 15th, 2020. The primary outcome was the burden of burnout during the pandemic indicated by the validated Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure. Results: Nine hundred fifty-four surgeons completed the survey. The median length of practice was 10 years; 78.2% included were male with a median age of 37 years old, 39.5% were consultants, 68.9% were general surgeons, and 55.7% were affiliated with an academic institution. Overall, there was a significant increase in the mean burnout score during the pandemic; longer years of practice and older age were significantly associated with less burnout. There were significant reductions in the median number of outpatient visits, operated cases, on-call hours, emergency visits, and research work, so, 48.2% of respondents felt that the training resources were insufficient. The majority (81.3%) of respondents reported that their hospitals were included in the management of COVID-19, 66.5% felt their roles had been minimized; 41% were asked to assist in non-surgical medical practices, and 37.6% of respondents were included in COVID-19 management. Conclusions: There was a significant burnout among trainees. Almost all aspects of clinical and research activities were affected with a significant reduction in the volume of research, outpatient clinic visits, surgical procedures, on-call hours, and emergency cases hindering the training. Trial registration: The study was registered on clicaltrials.gov "NCT04433286" on 16/06/2020

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Academician Perspective on the Implementation of Distance Education in Universities during the COVID-19 Pandemic

The purpose of this research was to examine the perspectives of academicians on distance education activities during the pandemic from various aspects. The research study was carried out using a case study design, which is one of the qualitative research methods. The perspectives of 24 academicians working at a state university were explored, and the data collected through an online platform using a structured interview form were analyzed by utilizing the content analysis method. The findings were reported in the form of themes, sub-themes, and codes, supported by participant expressions. Results indicated that academicians faced infrastructure-related problems during the pandemic process, which arose from various aspects. They expressed that distance education applications would be appropriate to use, especially in social sciences, theoretical courses, and crowded classrooms in the post-pandemic period. However, using distance education in math, sciences, and engineering may be inconvenient and create an inequality of opportunity. Academicians also stated that they experienced technical issues during the distance education process, open-to-abuse exams, low participation in classes, and problems in accessing education for students. They emphasized that encountering cases of cheating and plagiarism regarding the measurement and evaluation processes is an important deficiency. Furthermore, academicians made suggestions regarding distance education applications such as maintaining the hybrid teaching model, examining the practices of leading universities, introducing a new model, integrating virtual classroom applications into the process, or introducing existing interactive systems into the system

Öğrencilerin Gözüyle Kitlesel Çevrimiçi Açık Derslerin (KAÇD) İncelenmesi

The present study aims to depict the picture of students’ perceptions on MassiveOpen Online Courses (MOOCs) regarding several variables. To attain this goal, 416 freshmanstudents, who take four different distance education oriented courses in a state universityparticipated to our study. The study adopts survey method of the descriptive research designs, inwhich relationships of the variables as part of overall descriptions are examined. The conveniencesampling technique is used to reach the accessible population of the study since it is hard to reachto the entire group. The participants were asked to score on a perception questionnaire, whichconsisted of 8 factors and 34 five-point Likert type items. The collected data were analysed throughKruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney U Test and item-based analysis were performed to get a clearcutpicture of the data. The analysis results were presented and discussed based on the relevantliterature, and future recommendations were put forth for further research studies andresearchers.Bu çalışma, öğrencilerin Kitlesel Açık Çevrimiçi Derslere (KAÇD) yönelik tutumlarınıçeşitli değişkenler açısından betimlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaçla, bir devlet üniversitesindedört farklı uzaktan eğitim odaklı ders alan 416 üniversite birinci sınıf öğrencisi çalışmamızakatılmıştır. Araştırmada, değişkenler arası ilişkilerin genel betimlemenin bir parçası olarak elealındığı betimsel araştırma desenlerinden tarama yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Tüm gruba ulaşmanınoldukça güç olması nedeniyle erişilebilir örnekleme ulaşmak için uygun örneklem tekniğikullanılmıştır. Katılımcılardan 8 faktör ve 34 beşli Likert tipi maddeden oluşan bir tutum ölçeğinipuanlamaları istenmiştir. Toplanan veriler Kruskal Wallis ve Mann Whitney U Testleriyle analizedilmiş, verilere ait kapsamlı bir betimleme elde etmek için madde temelli analiz uygulanmıştır.İlgili alan yazınla analiz sonuçları sunulmuş, tartışılmış; ileriki araştırmalar ve araştırmacılariçin öneriler ortaya konulmuştur

Sensitization of Ho-III and Sm-III luminescence by efficient energy transfer from antenna ligands: Magnetic, visible and NIR photoluminescence properties of Gd-III, Ho-III and Sm-III coordination polymers

Hydrothermal reactions of lanthanide metal salts with 2-sulfoterephthalate (2-stp) and 4,4'-bipyridine (4,4'-bipy) led to three coordination polymers, {[Ln(2-stp)(4,4'-bipy)(H2O)]center dot(H2O)), [Ln = Gd (1), Ho (2) and Sm (3)]. Their structures have been established by X-ray single crystal diffraction. Complexes 1-3 are isostructural with 2D framework in which all Ln(III) atoms are nine-coordinated. All these 2D layers are further interlinked via hydrogen bonds resulting in 3D architecture. The solid-state photoluminescence measurements display the characteristic luminescence of Ho (2) and Sm (3), which is due to efficient energy transfer from the ligands to the central Ln(III) ions via an "antenna effect". Variable temperature magnetic susceptibility and isothermal magnetization as function of external magnetic field for 1-3 is studied which reveal mainly the presence of antiferromagnetic interactions and the thermal depopulation of Stark sublevels together with crystal field affects. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Magnetic properties and sensitized visible and NIR luminescence of Dy-III and Eu-III coordination polymers by energy transfer antenna ligands

Two coordination polymers, {[Ln(2-stp)(4,4 '-bipy)(H2O)]center dot(H2O)}, [Ln = Dy (1) and Eu (2), 2-stp = 2-sulfoterephthalate and 4,4 '-bipy = 4,4 '-bipyridine] have been characterized by solid state UV-vis, FTIR spectra, X-ray single crystal diffraction and solid state photoluminescence. Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility and isothermal magnetization as function of external magnetic field is also studied for both complexes. After ligand-mediated excitation, both complexes show the characteristic visible and NIR luminescence of the corresponding Ln(III) ions (Ln = Dy, Eu) which is due to efficient energy transfer from the ligands to the central Ln(III) ions via an antenna effect. The indirect energy transfer in both complexes has been investigated and discussed in detail

Magnetic properties and sensitized visible and NIR luminescence of Dy^III and Eu^III coordination polymers by energy transfer antenna ligands

<p>Two coordination polymers, {[Ln(2-stp)(4,4′-bipy)(H₂O)].(H₂O)}, [Ln = Dy (<b>1</b>) and Eu (<b>2</b>), 2-stp = 2-sulfoterephthalate and 4,4′-bipy = 4,4′-bipyridine] have been characterized by solid state UV-vis, FTIR spectra, X-ray single crystal diffraction and solid state photoluminescence. Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility and isothermal magnetization as function of external magnetic field is also studied for both complexes. After ligand-mediated excitation, both complexes show the characteristic visible and NIR luminescence of the corresponding Ln^III ions (Ln = Dy, Eu) which is due to efficient energy transfer from the ligands to the central Ln^III ions <i>via</i> an antenna effect. The indirect energy transfer in both complexes has been investigated and discussed in detail.</p