The Study of psychometric properties of pregnancy related anxiety questionnaire

Background and aims: Pregnancy anxiety is a particular emotional state tied to pregnancy-specific concerns, such as worries about maternity and infant health. The aim of this study was confirmatory factor analysis of Pregnancy Related Anxiety Questionnaire (PRAQ) that was designed in Iranian pregnant women population. Methods: This research was a descriptive analytic study After confirming the validity and content for psychometric of tool, 170 pregnant women in health centers of Kerman city were selected by convenience sampling and completed PRAQ questionnaire and Beck Anxiety Inventory. In this study, Confirmatory factor analysis and concurrent validity were used to evaluate the validity of models; and test-retest and coefficients Cronbach's alpha test were used in SPSS 19 and the AMOS software to evaluate reliability of models. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis gave an acceptable value for the latent (PRAQ) in the question scale and level 5 of micro-scale. Also, a significant correlation between the components and the overall scale of the PRAQ questionnaire with the Beck Anxiety Inventory confirmed concurrent validity of questionnaire. Reliability of questionnaire is confirmed based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient value of 0.78 that calculated 0.69 to 0.76 for the five factors. A month later, reliability coefficient amplitude of test-retest on 40 pregnant women was between 0.65 to 0.72 (P<0.01) which shows the reliability of PRAQ over time. Conclusion: The short form of pregnancy anxiety questionnaire has the necessary psychometric properties. In this study, five factors extracted in the PRAQ were adapted with the factors extracted from the original version. It is recommended using this tool for diagnosis of anxiety and concerns of women during pregnancy

In Vitro Microleakage of Bulk Fill and Conventional Composites and a Hybrid Glass Ion-omer in Primary Molars

Objectives The main disadvantage of composite resins is their polymerization shrinkage, which can lead to microleakage. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the microleakage of bulk fill and conventional composites and a new hybrid glass ionomer (GI) in class II restorations of primary molar teeth. Methods In this in vitro study, 51 primary molar teeth were randomly divided into three groups. Standard class II cavities were then prepared. In group 1 the cavities were restored with Filtek bulk fill composite; in group 2, the cavities were incrementally filled with Z250 conventional composite and in group 3, EQUIA Forte hybrid GI resin was used to fill the cavities. The teeth were subjected to thermal and then mechanical thermocycling. Afterwards, the teeth were immersed in 1% methylene blue solution. The teeth were then mesiodistally sectioned, and microleakage was evaluated at the occlusal and gingival margins under a stereomicroscope and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The Shapiro-Wilk and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to statistically analyze the data. Results There was no statistically significant difference in the mean microleakage of bulk fill and conventional composites and hybrid GI in the occlusal (P=0.495) or gingival (P=0.293) margins. The gingival microleakage was significantly higher than occlusal microleakage in all three groups (P&lt;0.05). Conclusion Based on the results of the present study, microleakage of Filtek bulk fill composite is the same as that of Z250 conventional composite and EQUIA Forte hybrid GI

Numerical Analysis of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) Shear Walls and Steel Strips under Cyclic Loads Using Finite Element Method

Reinforced concrete shear walls are the main elements of resistance against lateral loads in reinforced concrete structures. These walls should not only provide sufficient resistance but also provide sufficient ductility in order to avoid brittle fracture, particularly under strong seismic loads. However, many reinforced concrete shear walls need to be stabilized and reinforced due to various reasons such as changes in requirements of seismic regulations, weaknesses in design and execution, passage of time, damaging environmental factors, patch of rebar in plastic hinges and in some cases failures and weaknesses caused by previous earthquakes or explosion loads. Recently, Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) components have been extensively and successfully used in seismic improvement. This study reinforces FRP reinforced concrete shear walls and steel strips. CFRP and steel strips are evaluated by different yield and ultimate strength. Numerical and experimental studies are done on walls with scale 1/2. These walls are exposed to cyclic loading. Hysteresis curves of force, drift and strain of FRP strips are reviewed in order to compare results of numerical work and laboratory results. Both numerical and laboratory results show that CFRP and steel strips increase resistance, capacity and ductility of the structure

Parenteral immunonutrition in patients with acute pancreatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background & aims: Acute pancreatitis is a systemic immunoinflammatory response to auto-digestion of the pancrease and peri-pancreatic organs. Patients with acute pancreatitis can rapidly develop nutritional deficiency; hence nutritional support is important and critical. Sometimes parenteral nutrition (PN) is inevitable in acute pancreatitis. Due to immunosuppressive and inflammatory nature of the disease, it seems that immunonutrients like glutamine and omega-3 fatty acids (u-3 FAs) added to parenteral formulas may improve the conditions. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of parenteral immunonutrition on clinical outcomes (infectious complications, length of hospital stay (LOS) and mortality) in patients with acute pancreatitis. Methods: A computerized literature search on four databases (PubMed, Cochrane, ISI Web of Science, and Iran Medex) was performed to find all the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessed the effects of parenteral immunonutrition in acute pancreatitis. Necessary data were extracted and quality assessment of RCTs was performed with consensus in the study team. Fixed effects model was used to conduct the meta-analysis. Results: One hundred and ninety four references were found via our search in which 7 articles matched our criteria for enrolling the meta-analysis. Parenteral immunonutrition significantly reduced the risk of infectious complications (RR ¼ 0.59; 95% CI, 0.39e0.88; p 0.05) and mortality (RR ¼ 0.26; 95% CI, 0.11 e0.59; p 0.001). LOS was also shorter in patients who received immunonutrition (MD ¼ 2.93 days; 95% CI, e4.70 to 1.15; p 0.001). Conclusion: Immunonutrients like glutamine and u-3 FAs added to parenteral formulas can improve prognoses in patients with acute pancreatitis. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved. 1

The Impact of Visual Impairment on Quality of Life

Our goal was to identify and describe factors relating to quality of life (QOL) in subjects with low vision and blindness in Iran's Sistan and Baluchestan Province. This cross-sectional study was carried out in randomly selected subjects with vision disability who were covered by the Zahedan Welfare Organization in Zahedan, Iran. The following factors related to visual impairment were evaluated: visual field (VF), visual acuity (VA), and stereopsis. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and the Influence of Vision Impairment (IVI) questionnaire. One-hundred and twenty-one patients were enrolled for participation in the study. T-test analyses indicated that the mean QOL score for women was significantly lower than that for men (P &lt; 0.001). Mann-Whitney U tests indicated that mean social (P = 0.003) and leisure (P = 0.009) QOL scores were significantly lower in participants without stereopsis. In addition, participants with tunnel vision scored lower on the mobility and self-care categories (P &lt; 0.001) than others. The results of this study indicate that providing education, providing employment, improving, and expanding social programs for the blind and individuals with low vision people, especially women, are necessary.Â

Endodontic Treatment of a Tooth with Traumatic Fracture of Root Middle Third

Root fracture occurs in 0.5 to 7% of all dental injuries. Subsequent to this injury, the coronal segment is displaced, while the apical segment is rarely displaced. Emergency treatment involves repositioning of the coronal segment close to the radicular segment as much as possible to enhance the chance of pulp revascularization. If pulp necrosis occurs, the infective products cause an inflammatory response and radiolucency is seen at the fracture line. In the present case, the patient had two maxillary central incisors with horizontal middle third root fractures due to a traumatic accident four years earlier. The right central incisor showed an endodontic abscess due to pulp infection in the coronal segment. The coronal fragment was treated. In this case study all signs and symptoms resolved after treatment and three year follow-up showed a successful treatment outcome. The left central incisor had a vital pulp according to vitality tests, so “observation only” strategy was considered for this tooth.Keywords: Dental Pulp; Endodontic; Mineral Trioxide Aggregate; Tooth Fracture; Traum

The Impact of Visual Impairment on Quality of Life

Our goal was to identify and describe factors relating to quality of life (QOL) in subjects with low vision and blindness in Iran's Sistan and Baluchestan Province. This cross-sectional study was carried out in randomly selected subjects with vision disability who were covered by the Zahedan Welfare Organization in Zahedan, Iran. The following factors related to visual impairment were evaluated: visual field (VF), visual acuity (VA), and stereopsis. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and the Influence of Vision Impairment (IVI) questionnaire. One-hundred and twenty-one patients were enrolled for participation in the study. T-test analyses indicated that the mean QOL score for women was significantly lower than that for men (P &lt; 0.001). Mann-Whitney U tests indicated that mean social (P = 0.003) and leisure (P = 0.009) QOL scores were significantly lower in participants without stereopsis. In addition, participants with tunnel vision scored lower on the mobility and self-care categories (P &lt; 0.001) than others. The results of this study indicate that providing education, providing employment, improving, and expanding social programs for the blind and individuals with low vision people, especially women, are necessary.

Comparison of fitting stability of the different soft toric contact lenses

Purpose: To compare lens orientation and rotational recovery of five currently available soft toric lenses. Methods: Twenty subjects were recruited and trialed with each of the study lenses in a random order. Study lenses were PureVision® Toric (B&L), Air Optix® for Astigmatism (Alcon), Biofinity® Toric (CooperVision), Acuvue® Advance for Astigmatism (Vistakon), and Proclear® Toric (CooperVision). Lens orientation in primary position to determine the lens rotation form the vertical position and rotational recovery to primary gaze orientation following a 45° manual misorientation for the different lenses was compared. Results: The Biofinity Toric showed the lowest rotation from the vertical position and the Proclear Toric the highest. Also, the highest and the lowest reorientation speed were related to the Biofinity Toric and the Acuvue Advance for Astigmatism, respectively. The Repeated Measures ANOVA showed a significant difference in the lens rotation (P=. 0.004) and rotational recovery (P<. 0.001) among different contact lenses and the performed multiple comparisons indicated differences in rotation and also in reorientation speed were only seen between the Biofinity Toric when compared to four other lenses (P<. 0.05). Conclusion: Although there was appropriate fitting, based upon lens orientation and reorientation speed, with each of the study lenses it would appear that the optimized ballast technique used in the design of the Biofinity Toric helps reduce lens rotation and improve rotational recovery compared to others

Educational Time Based on Heidegger's Approach to Temporality

In this article, an attempt has been made to analyze the issue of time in education. First, to explore the nature of this concept, the distinction between the temporality of Being [Temporality] and the temporality of beings [temporality] which were distinguished by Heidegger, is discussed. Second, it’s indicated that the moment of vision is the authentic state of falling and one of the six temporal states. Considering the movie “Enemy at the Gates” this moment is explained the temporality of Being, preparations can be made for this moment in education. Third, it is argued that preparing for the moment of vision contradicts the elements of inauthentic education, i.e non-temporal goal and transcendence and speed- based orientation. finally, preparing for the moment of vison in education is a kind of lingering and soaking in the classical texts passing through the paths-experienced in encountering the texts. As a result, the moment of educational vision means time is no longer Newtonian-Aristotelian time. The mentioned moment, has fullness, and its fullness is caused by existentials and being-in-the-world of the learner and the teacher

Spontaneously Healed Horizontal Root Fracture: A Case Report

Objectives: Root fracture occurs less frequently in comparison with other traumatic dental injuries, and accounts for about 0.5%-7% of all dental injuries in permanent dentition. Complications associated with root fracture include pulp necrosis, root resorption, and pulp canal obliteration. Maintaining tooth vitality is the mainstay of treatment of horizontal root fracture in permanent teeth. Case Presentation: In this study, a clinical case of horizontal root fractures in the middle third of maxillary right and left central incisors (teeth #11 and #21) of an 8-year-old girl is reported. The patient was followed-up for 3 years. The treatment plan was watchful waiting and after 3 years, the vitality tests were still positive, and no pathology was detected on control radiographs. Conclusion: Careful clinical examination, accurate diagnosis, and regular radiographic follow-ups are necessary for efficient treatment and successful outcome of teeth with horizontal root fractures