Extreme morning chronotypes are often familial and not exceedingly rare: the estimated prevalence of advanced sleep phase, familial advanced sleep phase, and advanced sleep-wake phase disorder in a sleep clinic population.

Study objectivesReport the first prevalence estimates of advanced sleep phase (ASP), familial advanced sleep phase (FASP), and advanced sleep-wake phase disorder (ASWPD). This can guide clinicians on the utility of screening for extreme chronotypes both for clinical decision-making and to flag prospective participants in the study of the genetics and biology of FASP.MethodsData on morning or evening sleep schedule preference (chronotype) were collected from 2422 new patients presenting to a North American sleep center over 9.8 years. FASP was determined using a severity criterion that has previously identified dominant circadian mutations in humans. All patients were personally seen and evaluated by one of the authors (C.R.J.).ResultsOur results demonstrate an ASP prevalence of 0.33%, an FASP prevalence of 0.21%, and an ASWPD prevalence of at least 0.04%. Most cases of young-onset ASP were familial.ConclusionsAmong patients presenting to a sleep clinic, conservatively 1 out of every 300 patients will have ASP, 1 out of every 475 will have FASP, and 1 out of every 2500 will have ASWPD. This supports obtaining a routine circadian history and, for those with extreme chronotypes, obtaining a family history of circadian preference. This can optimize treatment for evening sleepiness and early morning awakening and lead to additional circadian gene discovery. We hope these findings will lead to improved treatment options for a wide range of sleep and medical disorders in the future

Status report for our living camps : an interactive environmental content management and mapping tool designed to enhance student learning and participation

Project Leaders: Peter Motavalli, John Gardner, Chris Barnett, Steve Burdic, Keith W. Goyne, Charles Nilon, and Peter AshbrookStatus report for the 2010/2011 IIF project, "Our Living Campus." From the original description: "The purpose of this project was to develop an interactive web-based environmental content management and mapping tool for the University of Missouri campus. The web-based system is designed to enhance student learning and awareness of environmental issues. It will also facilitate the development and coordination of campus-based environmental projects and course assignments. The tool will provide ways for students to enter geographically-referenced environmental information, such as through Google Maps. The tool has the potential to become a highly visible focal point for student environmental education by increasing participation in active learning activities and by providing relevant “living” examples that illustrate environmental issues."MU Interdisciplinary Innovations Fun

A multinuclear solid state NMR, density functional theory and X-Ray diffraction study of hydrogen bonding in Group I hydrogen dibenzoates

An NMR crystallographic approach incorporating multinuclear solid state NMR (SSNMR), X-ray structure determinations and density functional theory (DFT) are used to characterise the H bonding arrangements in benzoic acid (BZA) and the corresponding Group I alkali metal hydrogen dibenzoates (HD) systems. Since the XRD data often cannot precisely confirm the proton position within the hydrogen bond, the relationship between the experimental SSNMR parameters and the ability of gauge included plane augmented wave (GIPAW) DFT to predict them becomes a powerful constraint that can assist with further structure refinement. Both the 1H and 13C MAS NMR methods provide primary descriptions of the H bonding via accurate measurements of the 1H and 13C isotropic chemical shifts, and the individual 13C chemical shift tensor elements; these are unequivocally corroborated by DFT calculations, which together accurately describe the trend of the H bonding strength as the size of the monovalent cation changes. In addition, 17O MAS and DOR NMR form a powerful combination to characterise the O environments, with the DOR technique providing highly resolved 17O NMR data which helps verify unequivocally the number of inequivalent O positions for the conventional 17O MAS NMR to process. Further multinuclear MAS and static NMR studies involving the quadrupolar 7Li, 39K, 87Rb and 133Cs nuclei, and the associated DFT calculations, provide trends and a corroboration of the H bond geometry which assist in the understanding of these arrangements. Even though the crystallographic H positions in each H bonding arrangement reported from the single crystal X-ray studies are prone to uncertainty, the good corroboration between the measured and DFT calculated chemical shift and quadrupole tensor parameters for the Group I alkali species suggest that these reported H positions are reliable

Defining the proteolytic landscape during enterovirus infection.

Viruses cleave cellular proteins to remodel the host proteome. The study of these cleavages has revealed mechanisms of immune evasion, resource exploitation, and pathogenesis. However, the full extent of virus-induced proteolysis in infected cells is unknown, mainly because until recently the technology for a global view of proteolysis within cells was lacking. Here, we report the first comprehensive catalog of proteins cleaved upon enterovirus infection and identify the sites within proteins where the cleavages occur. We employed multiple strategies to confirm protein cleavages and assigned them to one of the two enteroviral proteases. Detailed characterization of one substrate, LSM14A, a p body protein with a role in antiviral immunity, showed that cleavage of this protein disrupts its antiviral function. This study yields a new depth of information about the host interface with a group of viruses that are both important biological tools and significant agents of disease

Peri-substituted phosphorus-tellurium systems – an experimental and theoretical investigation of the P∙∙∙Te through-space interaction

The authors are thankful to the EPSRC, the EPSRC National Mass Spectrometry Service Centre (NMSSC) Swansea, the School of Chemistry St. Andrews, and EaStCHEM for support.A series of peri-substituted phosphorus-tellurium systems R’Te–Acenap–PR2 (R’ = Ph, p-An, Nap, Mes, Tip; R = iPr, Ph) exhibiting large “through space” spin-spin coupling constants and the “onset” of three-centre four-electron type interactions are presented. The influence of the substituents at the phosphorus and tellurium atoms as well as their behavior upon oxidation (with S, Se) or metal-coordination (Pt, Au) is discussed using NMR spectroscopy, single crystal X-ray diffraction, and advanced DFT studies including NBO, AIM and ELI-D analyses.PostprintPeer reviewe

A multinuclear NMR study of six forms of AlPO-34:structure and motional broadening

We report a study of the CHA-type aluminophosphate AlPO-34, prepared with six different structure-directing agents (SDAs): piperidine (pip), morpholine (mor), pyridine (pyr), 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (cyclam), 1,3 dimethylimidazolium (dmim) chloride and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium (emim) bromide. Using a combination of solid-state NMR spectroscopy, periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculations and synchrotron X-ray diffraction, we show that, even in crystallographically well-ordered materials such as AlPO-34 with dmim as the SDA, local disorder may be present. For such disordered structures, where it is challenging to use DFT to assign NMR spectra, we show that the 31P isotropic chemical shift can be predicted accurately using the mean P-O bond length and P-O-Al bond angle, in an extension of previous work. Variable-temperature 27Al NMR reveals the presence of microsecond-timescale dynamics in all forms of AlPO- 34, with two different motional regimes observed, depending on whether structural H2O is also present. H2O is detected in AlPO-34 prepared with mor as the SDA, although this material was previously reported as anhydrous, suggesting that this form of AlPO-34 may be hygroscopic despite the presence of the SDAs within the pores

HOSPITAL PATIENT SAFETY ASSESSMENT EXEMPLIFIED BY THE STANDARDIZED MORTALITY RATES

Sigurnost bolesnika je važni čimbenik kvalitete zdravstvenog sustava, koji je i zakonski propisan. U Zakonu o kvaliteti zdravstvene zaštite i socijalne skrbi defi nirana je sigurnost zdravstvenog postupka, a u Pravilniku o standardima kvalitete zdravstvene zaštite i načinu njihove primjene navedeni su Pokazatelji sigurnosti (Neočekivani neželjeni događaji i Ostali neželjeni događaji). U Ostale neželjene događaje ubraja se i Stopa standardizirane bolničke smrtnosti. Ona je kvantitativni pokazatelj bolesnikove sigurnosti u bolničkom sustavu zdravstvene zaštite i prati se za smrtnost od akutnog infarkta miokarda, moždanog udara i akutnog pankreatitisa unutar 30 dana od prijama u bolnicu. Opisne liste za indikatore sigurnosti propisala je Agencija za kvalitetu u zdravstvu i socijalnoj skrbi. U KBC Sestre milosrdnice se Stope standardizirane bolničke smrtnosti redovito prate i analiziraju. Rezultati upućuju na primjenu dobre kliničke prakse u KBC Sestre milosrdnice i zadovoljavajuću razinu sigurnosti pacijenata od smrtnosti praćene patologije.Patient safety is a legally prescribed, important quality factor of the healthcare system. The safety of medical procedures is defined in the Act on Healthcare Quality, while safety indicators (such as unexpected and other unwanted events) are depicted in the Healthcare Quality Standards and regulations on their usage. The list of safety indicators is determined by the Healthcare and Social Service Agency. Standardized Hospital Mortality Rate falls under “Other unwanted events”, but is also a quantity indicator of patient safety in the hospital healthcare system where it monitors acute myocardial infarction, stroke and acute pancreatitis in the 30-day hospitalization period. At Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, this indicator has been monitored and analyzed on a regular basis. Monitoring results indicate good clinical practice, as well as a satisfying level of patient safety in relation to the pathology mortality monitored in the mentioned hospital