Fermentation of Carrot Juice by Probiotics: Viability and Preservation of Adhesion

Abstract: In the present work, carrot juice was investigated as an alternative carrier for probiotics. Pasteurized juice was fermented anaerobically over night at 37oC with selected probiotics and their viability was assessed after 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 week storage. Identification was performed by species specific PCR. Mucus adhesion was assessed of carrot juice and laboratory medium grown Lactobacillus strains. At inoculation, the probiotic strains were present at levels of 106-107 CFU/ml and during fermentation the lactobacilli numbers increased to 109-1010 CFU/ml. After four weeks storage, Lactobacillus levels remained almost unchanged and after 12 weeks there were still 107-109 CFU/ml lactobacilli. Bifidobacteria, however, did not grow and started to decline after two weeks and were undetectable after 8 weeks. Adhesion of carrot juice grown lactobacilli was 50-70% less then adhesion of the strains grown in laboratory medium. The results suggest that fermented carrot juice is a promising carrier for probiotic lactobacilli but not bifidobacteria, but may alter the phenotypic properties of lactobacilli.Â

Technological characterisation of probiotic lactic acid bacteria as starter cultures for dry fermented sausages

The objective of this study was to investigate probiotic microorganisms for use as starter cultures in dry fermented sausages production. A total of eight strains were studied evaluating technological and safety characteristics including the ability to grow, lactic acid production, gas formation, catalase activity, nitrate reductase activity, proteolytic activity, lipolytic activity, hydrogen peroxide production, salt tolerance, performance at low temperatures, decarboxylation of amino acids and antimicrobial activity against pathogens associated with the product. Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011, L. rhamnosus Lr-32, Lactobacillus paracasei Lpc-37, Lactobacillus casei Shirota and Enterococcus faecium MXVK29 were good candidates for use as fermented sausages starters cultures because they showed the best technological and safety properties since they did not demonstrate amino acid decarboxylation but showed antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Salmonella Dublin and Staphylococcus aureus. L. rhamnosus Lr-32 was the strain best tolerating the levels of salt, nitrate and low pH during the simulated stages of fermentation and ripening of sausage. The strain was thus the most promising of the tested probiotics as sausage starter culture. The findings warrant studies in a meat matrix, such as that of raw-cured sausage, to evaluate the effects of L. rhamnosus Lr-32 under actual conditions.Fil: Agüero, Nadia de Lourdes. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; ArgentinaFil: Frizzo, Laureano Sebastian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Ouwehand, Arthur C.. No especifíca;Fil: Aleu, Gonzalo. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; ArgentinaFil: Rosmini, Marcelo Raul. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Salud Pública Veterinaria; Argentin

Viability of Lactobacillus paraplantarum DSM 14485 in human gastrointestinal tract and its molecular and biochemical identification after fermented vegetable consumption

Abstract In this study the viability of a potentially probiotic Lactobacillus paraplantarum DSM 14485 in the intestinal tract of 22 healthy test subjects was qualitatively assessed in a randomised double blinded cross-over study design lasting 2 x 4 weeks (interventions I and II) with a 4-week washout period. The subjects were given in their diet either spontaneously fermented vegetables (SF) or vegetables fermented by starter bacteria which contained  Lb. paraplantarum DSM 14485 (P). The numbers of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in fecal samples were at the level of 105 cfu g-1 in both groups. The presence of Lb. paraplantarum DSM 14485 was confirmed by biochemical and molecular methods. We were able to show that Lb. paraplantarum DSM 14485, isolated from spontaneously fermented cucumbers, was viable in the intestine of ten test subjects after taking P-diet when the numbers of LAB were sufficiently high in the product

Streptococcus alactolyticus is the dominating culturable lactic acid bacterium species in canine jejunum and feces of four fistulated dogs

http://www.elsevier.com/locate/issn/03781097Canine intestinal lactic acid bacterium (LAB) population in four fistulated dogs was cultured and enumerated using MRS agar. LAB levels ranging from 1.4×106 to 1.5×107 CFU ml-1 were obtained in jejunal chyme. In the fecal samples 7.0×107 and 2.0×108 CFU g-1 were detected. Thirty randomly selected isolates growing in the highest sample dilutions were identified to species level using numerical analysis of 16 and 23 S rDNA RFLP patterns (ribotyping) and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. According to these results, Streptococcus alactolyticus was the dominant culturable LAB species in both faeces and jejunal chyme. In addition, Lactobacillus murinus and Lactobacillus reuteri were detected

Ingestion Of Polydextrose Increase The Iron Absorption In Rats Submitted To Partial Gastrectomy.

To investigate whether polydextrose stimulates iron absorption in rats submitted to partial gastrectomy and sham operated. The rats were submitted to partial gastrectomy (Billroth II) or laparotomy (sham-operated control), in groups of 20 and 20 each respectively. The animals were fed with a control diet (AIN-93M) without polydextrose or a diet containing polydextrose (50g/Kg of diet) for eight weeks. They were divided into four subgroups: sham-operated and Billroth II gastrectomy and with or without polydextrose. Two animals died during the experiment. All rats submitted to gastrectomy received B-12 vitamin (intramuscular) each two weeks. The hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration were measured at the start and on day 30 and 56 after the beginning of the experimental period. At the end of the study, the blood was collected for determination of serum iron concentration. The diet with polydextrose reduced the excretion of iron. Apparent iron absorption was higher in the polydextrose fed groups than in the control group. The haematocrit and haemoglobin concentration were lower after Billroth II gastrectomy rats fed the control diet as compared to the polydextrose diet groups. Polydextrose increase iron absorption and prevents postgastrectomy anemia.25518-2

Understanding mode of action can drive the translational pipeline towards more reliable health benefits for probiotics

The different levels of knowledge described in a translational pipeline (the connection of molecular mechanisms with pre-clinical physiological and human health effects) are not complete for many probiotics. At present, we are not in a position to fully understand the mechanistic basis of many well established probiotic health benefits which, in turn, limits our ability to use mechanisms to predict which probiotics are likely to be effective in any given population. Here we suggest that this concept of a translation pipeline connecting mechanistic insights to probiotic efficacy can support the selection and production of improved probiotic products. Such a conceptual pipeline would also provide a framework for the design of clinical trials to convincingly demonstrate the benefit of probiotics to human health in well-defined subpopulations.Peer reviewe

Bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis HN019 presents antimicrobial potential against periodontopathogens and modulates the immunological response of oral mucosa in periodontitis patients

Objective To evaluate the effects of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 (HN019) on clinical periodontal parameters (plaque accumulation and gingival bleeding), on immunocompetence of gingival tissues [expression of beta-defensin (BD)-3, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), cluster of differentiation(CD)-57 and CD-4], and on immunological properties of saliva (IgA levels) in non-surgical periodontal therapy in generalized chronic periodontitis (GCP) patients. Adhesion to buccal epithelial cells (BEC) and the antimicrobial properties of HN019 were also investigated. Materials and methods Thirty patients were recruited and monitored clinically at baseline (before scaling and root planing-SRP) and after 30 and 90 days. Patients were randomly assigned to Test (SRP +Probiotic, n = 15) or Control (SRP+Placebo, n = 15) group. Probiotic lozenges were used for 30 days. Gingival tissues and saliva were immunologically analyzed. The adhesion of HN019 with or without Porphyromonas gingivalis in BEC and its antimicrobial properties were investigated in in vitro assays. Data were statistically analyzed (p<0.05). Results Test group presented lower plaque index (30 days) and lower marginal gingival bleeding (90 days) when compared with Control group. Higher BD-3, TLR4 and CD-4 expressions were observed in gingival tissues in Test group than in Control group. HN019 reduced the adhesion of P. gingivalis to BEC and showed antimicrobial potential against periodontopathogens. Conclusion Immunological and antimicrobial properties of B. lactis HN019 make it a potential probiotic to be used in non-surgical periodontal therapy of patients with GCP.Fil: Invernici, Marcos M.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Furlaneto, Flávia A. C.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Salvador, Sérgio L. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Ouwehand, Arthur C.. Dupont, Nutrition and Health; FinlandiaFil: Salminen, Seppo. University of Turku. Functional Foods Forum; FinlandiaFil: Mantziari, Anastasia. University of Turku. Functional Foods Forum; FinlandiaFil: Vinderola, Celso Gabriel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Lactología Industrial. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Instituto de Lactología Industrial; ArgentinaFil: Ervolino, Edilson. São Paulo State University. Division of Histology, Department of Basic Sciences, Dental School of Araçatuba; BrasilFil: Santana, Sandro Isaías. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Silva, Pedro Henrique Felix. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Messora, Michel R.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasi

Effects of Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis 420 on gastrointestinal inflammation induced by a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial

Aims Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can cause damage to the gastric and duodenal mucosa. Some probiotics have proven useful in ameliorating the harmful side-effects of NSAIDs. Our aim was to evaluate whether oral administration of Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis 420 (B420) can attenuate the increase of calprotectin excretion into faeces induced by intake of diclofenac sustained-release tablets.Methods A double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled and randomized clinical study was performed in 50 healthy male and female volunteers aged 20-40 years, in Finland. Study participation consisted of 4 phases: run-in, intervention with B420 or placebo, B420 or placebo + NSAID treatment, and follow-up. The primary outcome was the concentration of calprotectin in faeces. Secondary outcomes were haemoglobin and microbial DNA in faeces and blood haemoglobin levels.Results Intake of diclofenac increased the faecal excretion of calprotectin in both groups. The observed increases were 48.19 +/- 61.55 mu g/g faeces (mean +/- standard deviation) in the B420 group and 31.30 +/- 39.56 mu g/g in the placebo group (difference estimate 16.90; 95% confidence interval: -14.00, 47.77; P = .276). There were no significant differences between the treatment groups in changes of faecal or blood haemoglobin. Faecal B. lactis DNA was much more abundant in the B420 group compared to the placebo group (ANOVA estimate for treatment difference 0.85 x 109/g faeces; 95% confidence interval: 0.50 x 109, 1.21 x 109; P Conclusions Short-term administration of the probiotic B420 did not protect the healthy adult study participants from diclofenac-induced gastrointestinal inflammation as determined by analysis of faecal calprotectin levels.</p

Bifidobacterium animalis

Gastrointestinal (GI) adverse effects such as erosion and increased permeability are common during the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Our objective was to assess whether Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis 420 protects against NSAID-induced GI side effects in a rat model. A total of 120 male Wistar rats were allocated into groups designated as control, NSAID, and probiotic. The NSAID and probiotic groups were challenged with indomethacin (10 mg/kg−1; single dose). The probiotic group was also supplemented daily with 1010 CFU of B. lactis 420 for seven days prior to the indomethacin administration. The control group rats received no indomethacin or probiotic. The permeability of the rat intestine was analysed using carbohydrate probes and the visual damage of the rat stomach mucosa was graded according to severity. B. lactis 420 significantly reduced the indomethacin-induced increase in stomach permeability. However, the protective effect on the visual mucosal damage was not significant. The incidence of severe NSAID-induced lesions was, nevertheless, reduced from 50% to 33% with the probiotic treatment. To conclude, the B. lactis 420 supplementation protected the rats from an NSAID-induced increase in stomach permeability and may reduce the formation of more serious GI mucosal damage and/or enhance the recovery rate of the stomach mucosa