Memoria leída en el Congreso Nacional Pedagógico, en la sesión celebrada el día 29 de mayo de 1882

Copia digital : Junta de Castilla y León. Consejería de Cultura y Turismo, 201

Identification of prefoldin amplification (1q23.3-q24.1) in bladder cancer using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) arrays of urinary DNA

Array-CGH represents a comprehensive tool to discover genomic disease alterations that could potentially be applied to body fluids. In this report, we aimed at applying array-CGH to urinary samples to characterize bladder cancer. Methods: Urinary DNA from bladder cancer patients and controls were hybridized on 44K oligonucleotide arrays. Validation analyses of identified regions and candidates included fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry in an independent set of bladder tumors spotted on custom-made tissue arrays (n = 181). Results: Quality control of array-CGH provided high reproducibility in dilution experiments and when comparing reference pools. The most frequent genomic alterations (minimal recurrent regions) among bladder cancer urinary specimens included gains at 1q and 5p, and losses at 10p and 11p. Supervised hierarchical clustering identified the gain at 1q23.3-q24.1 significantly correlated to stage (p = 0.011), and grade (p = 0.002). The amplification and overexpression of Prefoldin (PFND2), a selected candidate mapping to 1q23.3-q24.1, correlated to increasing stage and tumor grade by means of custom-designed and optimized FISH (p = 0.013 and p = 0.023, respectively), and immunohistochemistry (p ≤0.0005 and p = 0.011, respectively), in an independent set of bladder tumors included in tissue arrays. Moreover, PFND2 overexpression was significantly associated with poor disease-specific survival (p ≤0.0005). PFND2 was amplified and overexpressed in bladder tumors belonging to patients providing urinary specimens where 1q23.3q24.1 amplification was detected by array-CGH. Conclusions: Genomic profiles of urinary DNA mirrowed bladder tumors. Molecular profiling of urinary DNA using array-CGH contributed to further characterize genomic alterations involved in bladder cancer progression. PFND2 was identified as a tumor stratification and clinical outcome prognostic biomarker for bladder cancer patientsSupported by grants (SAF2009-13035 and SAF2012-40206) from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Culture (to Dr Sánchez-Carbayo). Virginia López is recipient of a predoctoral award from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Cultur

Morfologia e anatomia dos apêndices petalares na tribo Schwenckieae (Solanaceae)

Schwenckieae (Solanaceae) is a small tribe with neotropical distribution, represented by three genera, Schwenckia, Melananthus and Heteranthia, group containing approximately 31 species. It is the only tribe of Solanaceae characterized morphologically by appendices in the corolla. The flowers of most species of this tribe typically have petals with emarginated limbo, with two lateral lobules and a central lobule here called appendix, which varies in size and shape. The presence of the appendices of the corolla is considered an important taxonomic characteristic, but its function is still unknown. The floral feature, such as tube-shaped corolla, flower opening at night and odor, suggest the pollination performed by moths and that the appendices are involved in the process, acting as perfume-secreting structures (osmophores), hypothesis tested here. Currently, we investigated the micromorphology and anatomy of four species of Schwenckia, S. americana (and two varieties), S. angustifolia, S. curviflora and S. novaveneciana, and one species of Melananthus, M. fasciculatus. The appendices have secretory characteristics, with uniseriate rough glandular epidermis, absence of stomata, anficrival vascular bundle, with more developed phloematic than xylematic portion, and parenchymatic tissue with starch grains, which are consumed in the anthesis stage. The sensorial test indicated a strong and sweet odor. The anatomical analysis evidenced that this odor originated not only from the appendices, but also from the corolla lateral lobules that have papillary glandular surface. S. americana var. americana is the only taxa without odor, which nevertheless maintained the metabolic activity in the appendices, evidenced by neutral red. The presence of volatile compounds, such as essential oils and phenolic compounds, are being reported as part of floral bouquet, and the accumulation of lipid reserves in the pre-anthesis stage and their consumption in post-anthesis indicate that the appendices are osmophores with defined morphological identity. These results confirm that the appendices present in the Schwenckieae tribe have an osmogenic function and must be involved in the mechanism of attracting pollinators.Schwenckieae (Solanaceae) é uma pequena tribo com distribuição neotropical, representada por três gêneros, Schwenckia, Melananthus e Heteranthia, e cerca de 31 espécies. É a única tribo da família caracterizada morfologicamente pela presença de apêndices na corola. As flores da maioria das espécies da tribo apresentam tipicamente pétalas com limbo emarginado, com dois lóbulos laterais e um lóbulo mediano aqui denominado apêndice, que varia em tamanho e forma. A presença dos apêndices da corola é considerada uma característica taxonômica importante, mas sua função é ainda desconhecida. As características da flor, como a forma da corola tubulosa, a abertura da flor durante a noite e a presença do odor sugerem a polinização realizada por mariposas e que os apêndices estejam envolvidos no processo, atuando como estruturas secretoras de perfume (osmóforos), hipótese aqui testada. Para esse estudo investigamos a micromorfología e a anatomia de quatro espécies de Schwenckia, S. americana (e duas variedades), S. angustifolia, S. curviflora e S. novaveneciana, e uma espécie de Melananthus, M. fasciculatus. Os apêndices apresentam características secretoras, com epiderme glandular unisseriada, rugosa, ausência de estômatos, feixe vascular anficrival, com porção floemática mais desenvolvida do que a porção xilemática, e tecido parenquimático com grãos de amido, que são consumidos no início da antese. O teste sensorial indicou odor forte e adocicado. A análise anatômica evidenciou ser este odor oriundo não só dos apêndices, mas também dos lóbulos laterais da corola que têm superfície glandular papilosa. S. americana var. americana foi o único táxon que não apresentou odor pelo teste sensorial, mas manteve atividade metabólica nos apêndices, evidenciada pelo vermelho neutro. A presença de óleos essenciais (compostos voláteis) e fenólicos, descritos como sendo relacionados à composição do buquê floral, além do acúmulo de reservas lipídicas no estádio de pré-antese e seu consumo em pós-antese, indicam que os apêndices desenvolvidos dos gêneros Schwenckia e Melananthus são osmóforos com identidade morfológica definida. Esses resultados confirmam ter, os apêndices presentes na tribo Schwenckieae, uma função osmogênica e voltados à atração dos polinizadores.CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superio

Emission line gas ionisation in young radio galaxies

This paper is the second in a series in which we present intermediate-resolution spectra for a complete sample of 14 compact radio sources, taken with the aim of investigating the impact of the nuclear activity on the cirumnuclear interstellar medium (ISM) in the early stages of radio source evolution. In the first paper we presented the kinematic results from the line modelling and reported fast outflows in the circumnuclear gas. Here, we use the line fluxes to investigate the physical conditions and dominant ionisation mechanisms of the emission line gas. We find evidence for large electron densities and high reddening in the nuclear regions, particularly in the broader, blueshifted components. These results are consistent with the idea that the young, recently triggered radio sources still reside in dense and dusty cocoons deposited by the recent activity triggering event. In addition, we find that the quiescent nuclear and extended narrow components are consistent with AGN photoionisation. For the nuclear broader and shifted components the results are less clear. Whilst there are suggestions that the broader components may be closer to shock plus precursor models on the diagnostic diagrams (with high electron temperatures and densities), we are unable to unambiguously distinguish the dominant ionisation mechanism using the optical emission line ratios. This is surprising given the strong evidence for jet-cloud interactions (broad emission lines, large outflow velocities and strong radio-optical alignments), which favours the idea that the warm gas has been accelerated in shocks driven by the radio lobes expanding through a dense cocoon of gas deposited during the triggering event.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS - Full paper (including Appendices) available at http://www.astron.nl/~morganti/Papers/Holt_MNRAS2009.p

Low endemicity and low pathogenicity of rotaviruses among rural children in Costa Rica

Artículo científico -- Universidad de Costa Rica. Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud. 1985Rotaviruses were prospectively studied in 51 rural Costa Rican children from birth to two years. Samples of feces were collected weekly over a 33-month period. Rotavirus was detected in 45 (1.04%) of 4,317 fecal specimens; 39 infections were documented (an incidence of 0.5 infection per child-year), only five of which were associated with diarrhea (a pathogenicity of 12.8%). Secretory antibody in fecal extracts, detected in six of 39 infections, was short lived and did not protect against reinfection. Serum antibody was present in 69.6% of two-year-old children, but was not detected in 18.8% with documented infections. On the other hand, serum antibody was present in six of 14 children in whom rotavirus was not detected, thus increasing the overall incidence to 0.6 infection per child-year. The combination of prolonged breast-feeding, exposure to a lower infecting dose (compared with urban children), and a higher standard of hygiene than expected may explain the low incidence and low pathogenicity of rotavirus among these rural children.Universidad de Costa Rica. Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud.UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias de la Salud::Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud (INISA

Memoria leida en el Congreso Nacional Pedagógico : en la sesión celebrada el dia 29 de mayo de 1882

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