Synthesis of (Poly)halo-substituted Diarylsulfones through Palladium Catalyzed C-H Bond Sulfonylation using (Poly)Halobenzenesulfonyl Chlorides

International audienceThe reactivity of (poly)halo-substituted benzenesulfonyl chlorides in palladium-catalyzed ortho-directed C-H bond sulfonylation of 2-arylpyridines was investigated. The use of Ag2CO3 in concert with Cu(OAc)2 was found to be critical to promote the chemoselective sulfonylation reaction. Fluoro-, chloro-, bromo-, and even iodo-benzenesulfonyl chlorides react nicely to afford halo-substituted diarylsulfones in good to high yields without cleavage of the C-halo bonds, allowing further transformations

Reactivity of 3-Bromofuran in Pd-Catalyzed C–H Bond Arylation toward the Synthesis of 2,3,5-Triarylfurans

International audienc

Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding organ donation among adult Population of an Urban field practice area of a medical college in Durgapur, West Bengal, India

Background: Organ donation is either when a person allows healthy transplantable organs/tissues to be removed, after death, or when the donor is alive and transplanted into other persons. Common transplantations include eyes, kidneys, liver, heart, skin, and bone marrow. The present study was conducted to understand the knowledge, attitude, and practice pattern of organ donation among the participants and to find out the association between the knowledge of organ donation with selected variables of interest. Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional study conducted among adult participants of an urban area of Durgapur from October 18, 2016, to November 5, 2016. A predesigned and pretested pro forma was used for data collection. Results: About 73.3% of the participants had heard about organ donation. Majority of the participants were female, aged 31–40 years, illiterate, and with a monthly income less than Rs. 5000/month. Eye was the most common donatable organ identified by the participants. Majority of the participants were unaware about the existing law in India about organ donation. Not a single participant had donated any organ, but 6% of them had signed form for cadaveric donation. Participants those who have educational status above high school had better knowledge compared to those who have lesser educational qualification (P = 0.001). Similarly, participants with monthly family income ≥10,000 also had better knowledge compared to other groups (P = 0.029), and this relation was statistically significant. Conclusion: Awareness about organ donation is not satisfactory, but the community had a positive attitude toward organ donation

Biochar aided priming of carbon and nutrient availability in three soil orders of India

Abstract In recent years biochar (BC) has gained importance for its huge carbon (C) sequestration potential and positive effects on various soil functions. However, there is a paucity of information on the long-term impact of BC on the priming effect and nutrient availability in soil with different properties. This study investigates the effects of BC prepared from rice husk (RBC4, RBC6), sugarcane bagasse (SBC4, SBC6) and mustard stalk (MBC4, MBC6) at 400 and 600 °C on soil C priming and nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) availability in an Alfisol, Inceptisol, and Mollisol. BC properties were analyzed, and its decomposition in three soil orders was studied for 290 days in an incubation experiment. Post-incubation, available N, P, and K in soil were estimated. CO2 evolution from BC and soil alone was also studied to determine the direction of priming effect on native soil C. Increasing pyrolysis temperature enhanced pH and EC of most of the BC. The pyrolysis temperature did not show clear trend with respect to priming effect and nutrient availability across feedstock and soil type. MBC6 increased C mineralization in all the soil orders while RBC6 in Alfisol and SBC6 in both Inceptisol and Mollisol demonstrated high negative priming, making them potential amendments for preserving native soil C. Most of the BC showed negative priming of native SOC in long run (290 days) but all these BC enhanced the available N, P, and K in soil. SBC4 enhanced N availability in Alfisol and Inceptisol, RBC4 improved N and P availability in Mollisol and P in Alfisol and MBC6 increased K availability in all the soils. Thus, based on management goals, tailored BC or blending different BC can efficiently improve C sequestration and boost soil fertility

H-NMR based serum metabolomic signatures imperative in retinalneurodegeneration and development of Diabetic Retinopathy

Aim: To identify serum metabolomic fingerprints using 1H NMR in Diabetic Retinopathy (DR). Methods and Materials: 1H-NMR was performed on 32 subjects [11 type 2 diabetic patients each without DR (group A) and with DR (group B) along with 10 control (group C)]. Results:The study unraveled 1H-NMR based serum metabolomic fingerprints of diabetic retinopathy showed significant variations in Ribitol, D-glucose, Fructose-6-phosphate, Uridine Diphosphate-N-acetyl glucosamine and Glycerophosphocholine. The study envisaged that abnormal polyol metabolism and accumulation of ribitol contributory to development of diabetic retinopathy.Presence of Uridine Diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine in blood has been also confirmed its probable role in progressive neurodegeneration in diabetic retinopathy. NMR spectra also indicated that downregulation of glycerophosphocholine is directly related to retinol metabolism and subsequent unusual chromophore synthesis facilitating retinal degeneration. Conclusion:Five metabolomic fingerprints have been identified and found to be unique in Diabetic Retinopathy (DR)

Controlling the Metal–Ligand Coordination Environment of Manganese Phthalocyanine in 1D–2D Heterostructure for Enhancing Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia

Eight-electron nitrate reduction (NO3RR) offers a cost-effective and environmentally friendly route of ammonia production and wastewater remediation. However, identification and reinforcement of the metal–ligand interaction responsible for the catalytic activity in transition-metal phthalocyanine-based heterostructures still remain unclear due to their complexity. Herein, directed by computation, we present a heterostructure approach to couple 2D graphene sheets with 1D manganese (II) phthalocyanine to produce a pyrrolic-N coordinated electron-deficient Mn center that interacts to generate the vital intermediates of the NO3RR process. The catalyst system delivers an ammonia yield rate of 20,316 μg h–1 mgcat–1, a faradaic efficiency (FE) of 98.3%, and an electrocatalytic stability of 50 h. Mechanistic investigations verified by FTIR spectroscopy and theoretical calculations to identify Mn coordinated pyrrolic-N as the active sites in MnPc and RGO reinforce the active sites by orbital interaction for enhancing the charge transfer in the formation of *NOH @ NO3RR intermediates while suppressing the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), resulting in high selectivity and FE

Green Light-Triggered Photocatalytic Anticancer Activity of Terpyridine-Based Ru(II) Photocatalysts

The relentless increase in drug resistance of platinum-based chemotherapeutics has opened the scope for other new cancer therapies with novel mechanisms of action (MoA). Recently, photocatalytic cancer therapy, an intrusive catalytic treatment, is receiving significant interest due to its multitargeting cell death mechanism with high selectivity. Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of three photoresponsive Ru(II) complexes, viz., [Ru(ph-tpy)(bpy)Cl]PF6 (Ru1), [Ru(ph-tpy)(phen)Cl]PF6 (Ru2), and [Ru(ph-tpy)(aip)Cl]PF6 (Ru3), where, ph-tpy = 4′-phenyl-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine, bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, and aip = 2-(anthracen-9-yl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10] phenanthroline, showing photocatalytic anticancer activity. The X-ray crystal structures of Ru1 and Ru2 revealed a distorted octahedral geometry with a RuN5Cl core. The complexes showed an intense absorption band in the 440–600 nm range corresponding to the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) that was further used to achieve the green light-induced photocatalytic anticancer effect. The mitochondria-targeting photostable complex Ru3 induced phototoxicity with IC50 and PI values of ca. 0.7 μM and 88, respectively, under white light irradiation and ca. 1.9 μM and 35 under green light irradiation against HeLa cells. The complexes (Ru1–Ru3) showed negligible dark cytotoxicity toward normal splenocytes (IC50s > 50 μM). The cell death mechanistic study revealed that Ru3 induced ROS-mediated apoptosis in HeLa cells via mitochondrial depolarization under white or green light exposure. Interestingly, Ru3 also acted as a highly potent catalyst for NADH photo-oxidation under green light. This NADH photo-oxidation process also contributed to the photocytotoxicity of the complexes. Overall, Ru3 presented multitargeting synergistic type I and type II photochemotherapeutic effects