Current Aspects in Trichinellosis

Currently, it is estimated that more than 11 million humans in the world are infected by helminth parasites of Trichinella species, mainly by Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis), responsible for causing Trichinellosis disease in both animals and humans. Trichinellosis is a cosmopolitan parasitic zoonotic disease, which has direct relevance to human and animal health, because it presents a constant and important challenge to the host’s immune system, especially through the intestinal tract. Currently, there is an intense investigation of new strategies in pharmacotherapy and immunotherapy against infection by Trichinella spiralis. In this chapter, we will present the most current aspects of biology, epidemiology, immunology, clinicopathology, pharmacotherapy and immunotherapy in Trichinellosis

Competencia clínica de médicos de seguridad social guatemaltecos para manejar hepatitis virales en atención primaria

Objetivo Medir la competencia clínica para el diagnóstico y manejo de hepatitis virales en médicos de primer nivel de atención a la salud.Metodología Se efectuó un estudio transversal en el que usando un instrumento previamente validado se midió la competencia y posteriormente se comparó entre médicos adscritos a diversas unidades médicas de atención primaria a la salud (UMAPS) del Instituto Guatemalteco de Seguridad Social (IGSS). La información fue analizada mediante estadística descriptiva e inferencial no paramétrica. Se evaluaron 104 médicos de 5 UMAPS del IGSS.Resultados Se encontró un nivel muy bajo de competencia clínica para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de las hepatitis virales, dentro de un intervalo de 9 a 62 puntos obtenidos en el instrumento que tiene un valor máximo teórico de 88, sin encontrar diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre UMAPS. Conclusiones Se requiere educación continua en los médicos de las UMAPS del IGSS para mejorar sus competencias en hepatitis virales.Objective To measure the clinical competence for diagnosis and treatment of human viral hepatitis in primary health care physicians.Methodology Cross-sectional study in which a previously validated instrument to measure competences was used, and subsequent comparison between physicians at various primary health care units (PHCT) from the Guatemalan Institute of Social Security (GISS). This information was analyzed using descriptive and non-parametrical statistics. 104 physicians, from 5 PHCT ascribed to GISS were analyzed.Results A low level of clinical competence for diagnosis and treatment of human viral hepatitis in this physicians group was found, within a range of 9 to 62 points obtained through an instrument with a maximum theoretical value of 88; no significant statistical difference between PHCT was found.Conclusions PHCT physicians from require continuing education to improve their clinical competence on human viral hepatitis

Rationale and design of the Concordance study between FFR and iFR for the assessment of lesions in the left main coronary artery. The ILITRO-EPIC-07 Trial

Introduction and objectives: Patients with left main coronary artery (LMCA) stenosis have been excluded from the trials that support the non-inferiority of the instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) compared to the fractional flow reserve (FFR) in the decision-making process of coronary revascularization. This study proposes to prospectively assess the concordance between the two indices in LMCA lesions and to validate the iFR cut-off value of 0.89 for clinical use. Methods: National, prospective, and observational multicenter registry of 300 consecutive patients with intermediate lesions in the LMCA (angiographic stenosis, 25% to 60%. A pressure gudiewire study and determination of the RFF and the iFR will be performed: in the event of a negative concordant result (FFR > 0.80/iFR > 0.89), no treatment will be performed; in case of a positive concordant result (FFR 0.80/iFR 0.89), an intravascular echocardiography will be performed and revascularization will be delayed if the minimum lumen area is > 6 mm(2). The primary clinical endpoint will be a composite of cardiovascular death, LMCA lesion-related non-fatal infarction or need for revascularization of the LMCA lesion at 12 months. Conclusions: Confirm that an iFR-guided decision-making process in patients with intermediate LMCA stenosis is clinically safe and would have a significant clinical impact. Also, justify its systematic use when prescribing treatment in these potentially high-risk patients

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Prácticas nutricias en pacientes diabéticos tipo II en el primer nivel de atención. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Jalisco, México Nutritional practices in type II diabetic patients in primary care. Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS), Jalisco, Mexico

Las prácticas nutricias de los diabéticos reflejan el comportamiento humano y la cultura de estos pacientes; representa, además, como el diabético se enfrenta a la enfermedad. El propósito del estudio fué identificar y relacionar las prácticas nutricias con el control metabólico, edad, sexo, escolaridad y tiempo de enfermedad. La muestra fué de 114 casos seleccionados por muestreo aleatorio sistemático de cinco unidades de medicina familiar de Guadalajara elegidas al azar. Utilizando trece preguntas estructuradas, codificadas y cuantificadas tipo Likert se valoró la práctica nutricia con un rango de 0-65. Los resultados muestran que el 21% de los diabéticos tienen adecuadas prácticas nutricias (>31 puntos) y su relación con escolaridad y tiempo de enfermedad mostró diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p=0,05). La regresión simple demostró que el 9% del control metabólico se explica por las prácticas nutricias (r= -0,31)Nutritional practices of diabetics reflect both human behavior and the health culture of such patients. They also represent how the diabetic deals with the health/illness issue. The purpose of this survey was to identify and relate nutritional practices with metabolic control, age, sex, years of schooling, and time since diagnosis of illness. The sample was taken from 114 cases selected through systematic random sampling in five family practice units in Guadalajara. Using thirteen structured, coded, and quantified questions of the Likert type, the study evaluated nutritional practice with a range of 0-65. Results showed that 21% of the diabetics had appropriate nutritional practices (>31 points), and when related with years of schooling and time since diagnosis of illness, they showed statistically significant differences (p=0.05). Simple regression showed that 9% of metabolic control can be explained by nutritional practices

Prácticas nutricias en pacientes diabéticos tipo II en el primer nivel de atención. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Jalisco, México

Las prácticas nutricias de los diabéticos reflejan el comportamiento humano y la cultura de estos pacientes; representa, además, como el diabético se enfrenta a la enfermedad. El propósito del estudio fué identificar y relacionar las prácticas nutricias con el control metabólico, edad, sexo, escolaridad y tiempo de enfermedad. La muestra fué de 114 casos seleccionados por muestreo aleatorio sistemático de cinco unidades de medicina familiar de Guadalajara elegidas al azar. Utilizando trece preguntas estructuradas, codificadas y cuantificadas tipo Likert se valoró la práctica nutricia con un rango de 0-65. Los resultados muestran que el 21% de los diabéticos tienen adecuadas prácticas nutricias (>31 puntos) y su relación con escolaridad y tiempo de enfermedad mostró diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p=0,05). La regresión simple demostró que el 9% del control metabólico se explica por las prácticas nutricias (r= -0,31

Prácticas nutricias en pacientes diabéticos tipo II en el primer nivel de atención. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Jalisco, México

Las prácticas nutricias de los diabéticos reflejan el comportamiento humano y la cultura de estos pacientes; representa, además, como el diabético se enfrenta a la enfermedad. El propósito del estudio fué identificar y relacionar las prácticas nutricias con el control metabólico, edad, sexo, escolaridad y tiempo de enfermedad. La muestra fué de 114 casos seleccionados por muestreo aleatorio sistemático de cinco unidades de medicina familiar de Guadalajara elegidas al azar. Utilizando trece preguntas estructuradas, codificadas y cuantificadas tipo Likert se valoró la práctica nutricia con un rango de 0-65. Los resultados muestran que el 21% de los diabéticos tienen adecuadas prácticas nutricias (>31 puntos) y su relación con escolaridad y tiempo de enfermedad mostró diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p=0,05). La regresión simple demostró que el 9% del control metabólico se explica por las prácticas nutricias (r= -0,31