COVID-19: UNLOCK 1.0 RISK, TEST, TRANSMISSION, INCUBATION AND INFECTIOUS PERIODS AND REPRODUCTION OF NOVEL COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Globally, novel COVID-19 has create an unbalanced atmosphere for people in every aspect. Infection of novel COVID-19 spreading all over the world and this condition is known as pandemic by the WHO. This pandemic is blocked many of economic activities due to communicable disease and has no cure till date to fight with corona. It has produced vital economic impact on the globe. It may turn out recession in many sectors of the world. In every sector in the globe, most of the products are imported from China, especially in medicine and manufacturing industry.COVID-19 caused a global pandemic resulting in about 20 millions of infections and around a million of deaths worldwide. Prevention strategies such as avoiding traveling to an infected area and avoiding eating wild animals can reduce the spread of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This paper aims to understand the Risk, Transmission, Diagnosis and Reproduction of COVID-19

Extract of Sesbania grandiflora Ameliorates Hyperglycemia in High Fat Diet-Streptozotocin Induced Experimental Diabetes Mellitus

Background. Sesbania grandiflora has been traditionally used as antidiabetic, antioxidant, antipyretic, and expectorant and in the management of various ailments. Materials and Methods. The study evaluates the antidiabetic activity of methanolic extract of Sesbania grandiflora (MESG) in type 2 diabetic rats induced by low dose streptozotocine and high fat diet. Diabetic rats were given vehicle, MESG (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.), and the standard drug, metformin (10 mg/kg), for 28 days. During the experimental period, body weight, abdominal girth, food intake, fasting serum glucose, urine analyses were measured. Insulin tolerance test was carried out on 25th day of drug treatment period. Serum analyses for lipid profile and SGOT and SGPT and serums creatinine, urea, protein, SOD, and MDA were also carried out. At the end of the experiment, animals were euthanized, the liver and pancreas were immediately dissected out, and the ratio of pancreas to body weight and hepatic glycogen were calculated. Results. MESG (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) induced significant reduction (P<0.05) of raised blood glucose levels in diabetic rats and also restored other parameters to normal level. Conclusion. Therefore, it is concluded that MESG has potential antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipemic activities and alleviate insulin resistance conditions

Ex vivo Screening of Stem Extracts of Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl. for Antifungal Activity

ABSTRACT: Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl., species of Beautyberry, is used as both internally as well as externally for its several beneficial health effects. Our objective was to determine the antifungal activity of ethanolic(SEE) and aqueous(SAE) extracts of the stems of C. macrophylla Vahl. Agar disc diffusion method was adopted for the antifungal screening against seven fungal strains. The overall results provide promising baseline information for the potential use of the crude antifungal extracts from C. macrophylla in the treatment of fungal infection. Further isolation of the responsible phytoconstituents may lead this plant to reach the bed side. © 2011 IGJPS. All rights reserved

Simultaneous Determination of Epinephrine and Norepinephrine by High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Epinephrine and non-epinephrine are major endogenous catecholamines which are known as neurotransmitter. The plasma levels of catecholamines are significant markers of several neuro-endocrine disorders and autonomic nervous system disorders. A method for the simultaneous quantitation of epinephrine and norepinephrine is described. The related substances are resolved on a Phenomenex ODS analytical column C18 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) using a mobile phase composed of a mixture of acetic acid and 50mM sodium acetate buffer pH 3.1 (1:99 v/v) at a flow rate of 1 ml/min with UV detector at 285 nm. The method is compatible with HPLC-MS and provides a tool for the control of substandard and counterfeit commercial preparations of epinephrine and norepinephrine

A fraction of Pueraria tuberosa extract, rich in antioxidant compounds, alleviates ovariectomized-induced osteoporosis in rats and inhibits growth of breast and ovarian cancer cells.

Pueraria tuberosa (Roxb. ex Willd.) DC., known as Indian Kudzu belongs to family Fabaceae and it is solicited as "Rasayana" drugs in Ayurveda. In the present study, we analyzed the efficacy of an ethyl acetate fraction from the tuber extract of Pueraria tuberosa (fraction rich in antioxidant compounds, FRAC) against menopausal osteoporosis, and breast and ovarian cancer cells. The FRAC from Pueraria tuberosa was characterized for its phenolic composition (total phenolic and flavonoid amount). Antioxidant property (in vitro assays) of the FRAC was also carried out followed by the analysis of the FRAC for its antiosteoporotic and anticancer potentials. The antiosteoporotic activity of FRAC was investigated in ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in rats. The cytotoxicity effect was determined in breast and ovarian cancer cells. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis of the FRAC was performed to determine its various phytoconstituents. Docking analysis was performed to verify the interaction of bioactive molecules with estrogen receptors (ERs). The FRAC significantly improved various biomechanical and biochemical parameters in a dose-dependent manner in the ovariectomized rats. FRAC also controlled the increased body weight and decreased uterus weight following ovariectomy in rats. Histopathology of the femur demonstrated the restoration of typical bone structure and trabecular width in ovariectomized animals after treatment with FRAC and raloxifene. The FRAC also exhibited in vitro cytotoxicity in the breast (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and ovarian (SKOV-3) cancer cells. Furthermore, genistein and daidzein exhibited a high affinity towards both estrogen receptors (α and β) in the docking study revealing the probable mechanism of the antiosteoporotic activity. GC/MS analysis confirmed the presence of other bioactive molecules such as stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, and stigmasta-3,5-dien-7-one. The FRAC from Pueraria tuberosa has potential for treatment of menopausal osteoporosis. Also, the FRAC possesses anticancer activity