How Frequent Multi Follicular Response in Intra Uterine Insemination Cycle Leads to Multiple Pregnancy in Prolong Primary Subfertile Patient?

Previously published studies on multi follicular studies are not consistent. Intra uterine insemination (IUI) is a good treatment option for limited resource countries because of its cost effectiveness and easy accessibility in remote areas. We aimed to identify pregnancy determining factors of IUI following controlled ovarian stimulation among educated sub fertile women in Bangladesh. A cross sectional retrospective study was conducted at Fertility Center of Evercare Hospital Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2016 to December 2018 where 518 IUI cycles performed after taking written consent from participants. A total of 426 couples medical records were analyzed on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. ovarian stimulating agent like clomiphene citrate tablet and human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) subcutaneous injection alone or combined has been given to every women under this study. While at least one follicle diameter reached 18 mm then intramuscular Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) was given and IUI procedure was performed after 36 hours later. While analyzing the data a higher mea n± SD was observed in pregnant groups than non-pregnant one regarding women’s age, BMI, their husband’s initial total motile sperm, inseminated harvested sperm and endometrial thickness though duration of married life was more in non-pregnant but these were not statistically significant. But the number of mature follicle was significantly higher in pregnant woman (P< 0.001). More than three follicle yield highest pregnancy than single or double follicles. Multi follicles showed a gradual decrease with age. A higher IUI was observed in woman with normal ovarian reserve. We propose that, IUI could be an effective therapeutic procedures for women with primary subfertility and could aid as an effective assisted reproductive technology in medical science

Asymptomatic Plasmodium Infection and Its Associated Factors among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Consultation in Enugu North Local Government Area of Enugu State

Malaria infection during pregnancy is a major public health problem in tropical and subtropical regions. It affects an estimated 30 million pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa annually with 25% of maternal deaths each year. This study investigated Plasmodium parasitemia and its associated factors among malaria-asymptomatic pregnant women attending antenatal consultation in some selected hospitals in Enugu North, through blood smear microscopy and structured questionnaire interview of 440 randomly selected women. The result indicated a 27.9% prevalence of asymptomatic Plasmodium infection among studied subjects in Enugu North Local Government Area. The number of antenatal visits varied according to the age of women, previous pregnancy and occupation, education, gravidity, and age of pregnancy. Plasmodium parasitemia was more in young pregnant women, pregnant women who experienced pregnancy for the first time and those in their first trimester. Knowledge about a causative organism, and malaria symptom methods of transmission prevention and treatment, varied among the social status of the studied subjects.  There was a statistical association between asymptomatic Plasmodium infection with anaemia (p<0.05). Therefore, it is recommended that more awareness on the use of insecticide-treated nets and regular malaria tests should be done to ascertain malaria Plasmodium status, especially during pregnancy

Assessment of Human Papillomavirus Infection, Knowledge and Attitude among Women Infected with HIV in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a debilitating sexually transmitted infection. Global in occurrence but common in developing countries. This study investigated the prevalence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection among HIV-positive women attending gynaecological appointments at Minna General Hospital in Niger State, Nigeria and assessed their knowledge of HPV and attitudes toward HPV screening. The research involved 162 eligible participants who underwent HPV testing. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection and gynaecological examinations were conducted to obtain cervical cell samples, which were then processed and subjected to HPV testing using the Riatol quantitative PCR HPV genotyping test. The study revealed that 74% of the participants tested positive for HPV, with 41% having high-risk HPV (HrHPV) and 33% low-risk HPV (LrHPV). Despite elevated risk status, participants exhibited limited knowledge about HPV, with only 4% being aware of its link to cervical cancer, and 5% knowing about HPV vaccines. Encouragingly, 60% of participants had undergone HPV screening in the past five years, and 75% expressed willingness to undergo routine HPV screening if they were to collect the samples themselves (self-sampling). for HPV screening. The high prevalence of HPV, particularly the high-risk types, underscored the significance of HPV screening among HIV-positive women. However, participants showed a strong commitment to proactive healthcare behaviours. Collaborations with healthcare professionals and media outlets are recommended to enhance public awareness of HPV and its association with cervical cancer, ultimately reducing the burden of HPV-related diseases among this population

Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Rosemary: An In-depth Review of its Pharmacological Properties

The pharmacological effects of rosemary plant period a wide range and include anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Rosemary is shown to have its potential on Ischemic stroke because of its Anti-oxidant and Anti-inflammatory properties. It contains strong antioxidants such carnosol, which has anti-inflammatory properties, and Rosmarinus acid, which fights oxidative stress. Rosemary is an attractive possibility for treating disorders like oxidative-related diseases because of its dual activity. Additionally, Rosemary has shown neuroprotective qualities that aid in maintaining brain health and cognitive function. The aromatic components in its essential oil may improve concentration and memory. Rosemary has also been investigated for its potential in hair care, with research indicating that it can encourage hair growth. These rosemary Officinalis also have different chemical substances and compounds like Terpenes, Essential oils, Bicyclic monoterpenes, Monoterpenoids, Ester and also, we have different pharmacological activates they are Anti-oxidative, Anti-inflammatory, Anti-microbial, Anti-obesity, Anti-fungal, Anti-cancer, Anti-diabetic, Cardiovascular activity, Skin health, Neuroprotective, Gastrointestinal, Sperm motility, Anti-depressant, Anti-viral activity

A Review on Artificial Sweetener Sucralose and Its Impact on Autoimmunity

Sucralose, a popular artificial sweetener with low-calorie content and strong sweetness, is a common replacement for sugar in today's diet. This review critically analyses the research findings to identify any possible relationship between sucralose intake and autoimmune disorders. Research using various approaches, including in vitro, animal, and human research, yields complex results. The research raises concerns regarding the safety of sucralose, even at amounts deemed ordinary in intake while highlighting undesirable effects such as cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and immunomodulation. Research on humans indicates possible effects on thyroid function and connections to autoimmune thyroiditis, while studies on animals provide histomorphological evidence of pancreatic toxicity and aggravation of autoimmune disease development. The immunomodulatory effects of sucralose, such as effects on human lymphocytes, T cell-mediated responses, and disruption of intestinal epithelial barriers, are revealed. The interpretation of data is further complicated by individual variability, which is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Study designs are critically evaluated to identify their advantages and disadvantages. Contradictory findings and gaps in the research highlight the complex relationship between sucrose and autoimmunity.  Sucralose consumption is advised to be avoided by people with autoimmune diseases due to adverse effects that have been reported. The conclusion summarizes the main findings and emphasizes the need for continued study to inform public health guidelines and personal decisions about sucralose usage. This summary shows that the complex interaction between sucrose and autoimmunity is a developing field that requires ongoing research

Molecular Docking Studies of Nigella Sativa Linn Seed Compound Against Alzheimer's Disease: An in silico Study

Alzheimer's disease is a neurological disorder that can lead to brain atrophy and dementia, affecting cognitive, social, behavioral, and emotional abilities. Medicinal plants have proven to be effective in addressing Alzheimer's disease. Nigella sativa Linn seeds have been extensively utilized in managing a range of nervous system conditions, including AD, epilepsy and neurotoxicity. In this study, it has been reported that the evaluation of the anti-Alzheimer potential of phytoconstituents in Nigella sativa Linn seeds was done using molecular docking analysis.            The AutoDock 4.2.6 software has used the chemical Kaempferol 3-(2-galloyl-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside) to identify and fulfill the Lamarckian genetic algorithm. The binding affinity of Kaempferol 3-(2-galloyl-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside) with key targets: acetylcholinesterase, amyloid beta peptide, and beta-secretase, represented by PDB IDs 7E3H, 2M4J, and 1FKN, respectively. Remarkably, Nigella sativa L., seeds exhibit a superior binding affinity and inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase (AChE), amyloid beta peptide (Aβ or APP) and beta-secretase (BACE) compared to conventional medication. Donepezil was employed as a positive control in this investigation. This study delves into the evaluation of Nigella sativa Linn's phytoconstituents for their potential in combating Alzheimer's disease through molecular docking analysis. Among the bioactive components of Nigella sativa Linn, kaempferol 3-(2-galloyl-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside) and the standard drug Donepezil stand out as promising candidates for therapeutic purposes. The affinity of Kaempferol 3-(2-galloyl-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside (Binding energy = -7.84 kcal/mol) to bind with acetylcholine esterase significantly surpasses that of the standard drug Donepezil, as indicated by the higher binding energy. The ligand efficiency of Kaempferol 3-(2-galloyl-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside, calculated as the binding energy per non-hydrogen atom (-0.37 kcal/mol), is also greater than that of the standard drug Donepezil. These findings underscore the importance of further comprehensive research on Kaempferol 3-(2-galloyl-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside) as a potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease, owing to its superior efficacy compared to existing medications

A Revised Novel Approach of Ischemic Stroke through Thrombolytic Therapy and Thrombectomy

This comprehensive overview analyses the development of ischemic stroke therapy, emphasizing the critical significance that thrombolytic therapy and thrombectomy techniques have played. With a particular set of difficulties, thrombolytic therapy tissue plasminogen activator, or tPA has revolutionized acute stroke care by breaking up clots in a crucial window of time. Simultaneously, thrombectomy has become a revolutionary intervention, especially for large-vessel occlusions, offering a localized, effective approach and expanding therapy windows. This review guides you through the historical events, technological developments, and continuing research that have shaped these methods. The importance of individualized treatment plans, the use of telemedicine, and the bright future prospects for the management of ischemic strokes are emphasized

Subcutaneous Emphysema in a Psittacine Bird: A Case Report

Background and Aim: Subcutaneous emphysema is an uncommon disorder that involves trapped air under the skin. This most frequently happens in the skin covering the chest, neck, and abdomen. On occasion, though, it can be brought on by a serious accident, an injury, or an infection. It is a condition often causing mild symptoms, but sometimes it can be dangerous and even life-threatening. Case Representation: A 17-month-old parrot had been admitted to the hospital with the symptoms of a swollen abdomen, anorexia, and coughing. Based on the clinical history and physical examination, the diagnosis was made. The problem was treated with a single needle puncture and supportive treatment. On that day, the bird was released, and until it was extricated, there was continuous contact with the owners. Discussion: Subcutaneous emphysema, a relatively uncommon occurrence in Bangladesh, can be caused by a number of factors, including trauma, infection, and fractures. It can be confirmed by radiography or by removing the gas from the enlarged area. This condition can be treated with paracentesis and supportive care, with or without the use of antibiotics. Conclusion: The study’s main goal is an exploration of subcutaneous emphysema that was corrected via paracentesis with supportive treatment

A Study of Malaria in Manipur State

Background: Malaria still occurs in Manipur which is a state in the north-eastern part of India. Materials and Methods: For the present study, Manipur’s Malaria incidence and it’s strategic elimination program was taken into consideration based on all the available online data. Results: The Annual Parasite Incidence (API) of Malaria for Manipur had been observed to be decreasing from 2012 till 2018 when it reached 0.00. Conclusions: Although Manipur did not reach zero Malaria cases in 2018, it is a good candidate for being the first state or union territory in the country to be able to achieve near-elimination goals since no other state or union territory achieved zero API in 2018

A Review of the Annual Parasite Incidence of Malaria in Arunachal Pradesh, India

Background: Arunachal Pradesh used to have a high Annual Parasite Incidence (API) of Malaria of 4.30 during 2014. Methods: The study design included an analysis of the annual reports of the National Centre for Vector-Borne Diseases Control (NCVBDC) pertaining to the years 2017 and 2018 and also a study of the National Framework for Malaria Elimination in India 2016 – 2030. Results: It was observed that the API of Malaria in Arunachal Pradesh decreased to 0.39 in 2018. Conclusions: If interventions like the treatment of asymptomatic carriers take place, it is expected that the API in the entire state will come down further