9 research outputs found

    Palliative Care in Times of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 Infection

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    La nueva pandemia del coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) está generando desafíos en los sistemas de salud mundiales y planteando dilemas éticos que derivan tanto en la adecuación terapéutica de cada individuo como en la toma de decisiones en contexto de recursos limitados, donde la capacidad de brindar atención médica es insuficiente, así como en aquellos pacientes con múltiples comorbilidades o enfermedad avanzada sin voluntades anticipadas respecto a las medidas de reanimación e intervenciones invasivas como intubación orotraqueal, niveles de asistencia (unidad de cuidado intensivo, sala general, domicilio) y sus preferencias de atención al final de vida. Así mismo, ha evidenciado la necesidad universal del acceso a los cuidados paliativos, al alivio de síntomas y a la importancia de la capacitación del personal de salud en cuidados paliativos en los centros y niveles de atención en salud. Palabras clave cuidados paliativos; medicina paliativa; SARS-CoV; COVID19; toma de decisiones.Q1The new 2019 coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) is generating challenges in health systems worldwide and posing ethical dilemmas that derive both in the therapeutic adequacy of each individual and in decision-making in the context of limited resources where the capacity of providing medical care is insufficient, as well as in those patients with multiple comorbidities or advanced disease without advance directives regarding resuscitation measures and invasive interventions such as orotracheal intubation, levels of care (ICU, general ward, home) and their care preferences at the end of life. Likewise, it has evidenced the universal need for access to palliative care, symptom relief, and the importance of training health personnel in palliative care at health centers and levels of care. Keywords Palliative care; Palliative Medicine; SARS-CoV; COVID19; decision making.https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2502-0337https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=list_works&hl=es&hl=es&user=dZ5iuX8AAAAJhttps://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001648073&lang=esRevista Nacional - Indexad

    Lymphopenia and risk of nosocomial infections in elderly in a health institution of Bogotá, Colombia. Cases and controls study

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    Objetivo: La linfopenia se ha propuesto como un potencial factor asociado al riesgo de infecciones bacterianas nosocomiales (infección urinaria y neumonía), pero la magnitud y relevancia de este factor no ha sido evaluada formalmente. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar si existe asociación entre linfopenia e infecciones nosocomiales en ancianos hospitalizados en una institución de salud en Bogotá, Colombia. Métodos: Estudio de casos y controles, incluyendo personas mayores de 65 años hospitalizadas en el Hospital Universitario San Ignacio entre junio de 2016 y diciembre de 2017. Se consideraron casos aquellos con diagnóstico de infección nosocomial (neumonía, infección de vías urinarias, bacteriemia, infección de tejidos blandos) y se compararon con controles sin infección emparejados por edad y sexo. Se evaluó la asociación entre linfopenia e infección nosocomial mediante análisis bivariado y multivariado controlando por las variables de confusión. Resultados: Se incluyeron un total de 198 pacientes (99 casos y 99 controles). La prevalencia de linfopenia fue de 34.8%, sin encontrarse diferencia entre los dos grupos (p=0.88). La infección nosocomial se asoció a mayor incidencia de mortalidad (29.3 vs 10.1%, p>0.001) y mayor duración de estancia hospitalaria (Mediana 18 vs 9 días, p<0.01). Se encontró asociación entre infección nosocomial con enfermedad cardiovascular (OR = 2.87; IC 95% 1.37-6.00) y antecedente de cáncer (OR = 6.00; IC 95% 1.28-29.78), sin embargo, no hubo asociación con linfopenia (OR = 1.27; IC 95% 0.61-2.65). Conclusiones: Este estudio sugiere que no existe asociación entre linfopenia y el desarrollo de infecciones nosocomiales en pacientes ancianos.Q4Artículo original155-161AncianosObjective: Lymphopenia has been proposed as a potential factor associated with the risk of nosocomial bacterial infections (urinary tract infection and pneumonia), but the magnitude and relevance of this factor has not been formally evaluated. Objective is to determine the association between lymphopenia and nosocomial infections in elderly hospitalized in a health institution in Bogotá, Colombia. Methods: Case-control study, including people over 65 hospitalized in the University Hospital San Ignacio - Bogotá, during the period between June 2016 and December 2017. Cases with a diagnosis of nosocomial infection (pneumonia, urinary tract infection, bacteraemia, soft tissue infection) were considered and compared with controls without infection matched by age and sex. The association between lymphopenia and nosocomial infection was evaluated by bivariate and multivariate analysis, controlling for confounding variables. Results: A total of 198 patients (99 cases and 99 controls) were included. The prevalence of lymphopenia was 34.8%, with no difference between the two groups (p = 0.88). Nosocomial infection was associated with a higher incidence of mortality (29.3 vs. 10.1%, p> 0.001) and a longer duration of hospital stay (Median 18 vs. 9 days, p <0.01). An association was found between nosocomial infection with cardiovascular disease (OR = 2.87; 95% CI 1.37-6.00) and a history of cancer (OR = 6.19; 95% CI 1.28-29.78), however, there was no association with lymphopenia (OR = 1.27 ; 95% CI 0.61-2.65). Conclusions: This study suggests that there is no association between lymphopenia and the development of nosocomial infections in elderly patients

    Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and mortality : associated factors in hospitalized people 75 and older

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    Introducción: La infección por COVID-19 en adultos mayores plantea desafíos en los sistemas de salud y la atención clínica por parte de la salud personal. Objetivo: Describir los factores asociados a la mortalidad en personas de 75 años y más con COVID-19 en un alto hospital de alta complejidad en Bogotá, Colombia. Métodos: Estudio observacional, analítico y retrospectivo, incluyendo 509 pacientes de 75 años y más hospitalizados con COVID-19. Resultados: el 40,47% fallecieron durante la estancia hospitalaria. Se encontró que a menor tiempo de inicio de los síntomas al ingreso, frecuencia respiratoria superior a 20 respiraciones por minuto, trombocitopenia, lactato deshidrogenasa elevada y el dímero D elevado se asociaron con una mayor mortalidad hospitalaria. Conclusiones: Existe asociación entre la mortalidad y la presencia de disnea, fiebre y delirio. Resultados paraclínicos con lactato deshidrogenasa > 350 (U/L), presencia de dímero D elevado mayor de 1.000 μg/L, así como un cociente PaO2/FiO2 con una mediana menor de 90, se asociaron con mayor mortalidad. Palabras clave: Infecciones por coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, adulto mayor, mortalidadQ3Q3Introduction: COVID-19 infection in the elderly posed challenges in health systems and clinical care by health personnel. Objective: To describe the factors associated with mortality in persons aged 75 and older with COVID-19 in a high complexity hospital in Bogotá, Colombia. Methods: Observational, analytical and retrospective study, including 509 patients aged 75 and older hospitalized with COVID-19. Results: 40.47% died during hospital stay. It was found that a shorter time of symptom onset at admission, a respiratory rate greater than 20 breaths per minute, having thrombocytopenia, elevated lactate dehydrogenase and elevated D-dimer were associated with higher in-hospital mortality. Conclusions: There is an association between mortality and the presence of dyspnea, fever and delirium. Paraclinical results with lactate dehydrogenase >350 (U/L), the presence of elevated D-dimer greater than 1,000 μg/L, as well as a Pa02/Fi02 ratio with a median of less than 90, were associated with higher mortality. Keywords: Coronavirus infections, SARS-CoV-2, elderly, mortalityhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8584-3191https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ns-9aAgAAAAJ&hl=es&oi=aohttps://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001337521Revista Internacional - No indexadaS

    Effectiveness of an intervention for improving drug prescription in primary care patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy:Study protocol of a cluster randomized clinical trial (Multi-PAP project)

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    This study was funded by the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias ISCIII (Grant Numbers PI15/00276, PI15/00572, PI15/00996), REDISSEC (Project Numbers RD12/0001/0012, RD16/0001/0005), and the European Regional Development Fund ("A way to build Europe").Background: Multimorbidity is associated with negative effects both on people's health and on healthcare systems. A key problem linked to multimorbidity is polypharmacy, which in turn is associated with increased risk of partly preventable adverse effects, including mortality. The Ariadne principles describe a model of care based on a thorough assessment of diseases, treatments (and potential interactions), clinical status, context and preferences of patients with multimorbidity, with the aim of prioritizing and sharing realistic treatment goals that guide an individualized management. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a complex intervention that implements the Ariadne principles in a population of young-old patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy. The intervention seeks to improve the appropriateness of prescribing in primary care (PC), as measured by the medication appropriateness index (MAI) score at 6 and 12months, as compared with usual care. Methods/Design: Design:pragmatic cluster randomized clinical trial. Unit of randomization: family physician (FP). Unit of analysis: patient. Scope: PC health centres in three autonomous communities: Aragon, Madrid, and Andalusia (Spain). Population: patients aged 65-74years with multimorbidity (≥3 chronic diseases) and polypharmacy (≥5 drugs prescribed in ≥3months). Sample size: n=400 (200 per study arm). Intervention: complex intervention based on the implementation of the Ariadne principles with two components: (1) FP training and (2) FP-patient interview. Outcomes: MAI score, health services use, quality of life (Euroqol 5D-5L), pharmacotherapy and adherence to treatment (Morisky-Green, Haynes-Sackett), and clinical and socio-demographic variables. Statistical analysis: primary outcome is the difference in MAI score between T0 and T1 and corresponding 95% confidence interval. Adjustment for confounding factors will be performed by multilevel analysis. All analyses will be carried out in accordance with the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: It is essential to provide evidence concerning interventions on PC patients with polypharmacy and multimorbidity, conducted in the context of routine clinical practice, and involving young-old patients with significant potential for preventing negative health outcomes. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02866799Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

    Gestión del conocimiento: perspectiva multidisciplinaria. Volumen 12

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    El libro “Gestión del Conocimiento. Perspectiva Multidisciplinaria”, Volumen 12, de la Colección Unión Global, es resultado de investigaciones. Los capítulos del libro, son resultados de investigaciones desarrolladas por sus autores. El libro cuenta con el apoyo de los grupos de investigación: Universidad Sur del Lago “Jesús María Semprúm” (UNESUR), Zulia – Venezuela; Universidad Politécnica Territorial de Falcón Alonso Gamero (UPTAG), Falcón – Venezuela; Universidad Politécnica Territorial de Mérida Kleber Ramírez (UPTM), Mérida – Venezuela; Universidad Guanajuato (UG) - Campus Celaya - Salvatierra - Cuerpo Académico de Biodesarrollo y Bioeconomía en las Organizaciones y Políticas Públicas (C.A.B.B.O.P.P), Guanajuato – México; Centro de Altos Estudios de Venezuela (CEALEVE), Zulia – Venezuela, Centro Integral de Formación Educativa Especializada del Sur (CIFE - SUR) - Zulia - Venezuela, Centro de Investigaciones Internacionales SAS (CIN), Antioquia - Colombia.y diferentes grupos de investigación del ámbito nacional e internacional que hoy se unen para estrechar vínculos investigativos, para que sus aportes científicos formen parte de los libros que se publiquen en formatos digital e impreso

    Tuberculosis of the central nervous system in an elderly patient : case report

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    La tuberculosis (TB) es una patología prevalente en nuestra sociedad, y la población anciana es una de las más susceptibles a desarrollarla, dada la presencia de condiciones especiales, como inmunosenescencia, pluripatología, polifarmacia, desnutrición, entre otros. Se presenta el caso de una mujer anciana que ingresó al servicio de urgencias por deterioro clínico secundario a alteración del estado de conciencia en quien se descartaron causas principales como traumatismo craneoencefálico, sangrado o eventos isquémicos cerebrales y estado convulsivo. Al reinterrogarla se encontraron síntomas respiratorios de larga data con hallazgos radiográficos de TB, confirmados por tomografía de tórax, con hallazgos posteriores de neuroinfección, dada la persistencia de alteración del estado de conciencia y el reporte de la punción lumbar.Tuberculosis (TB) is a pathology prevalent at a global level in our society, the elderly population being one of the most susceptible to develop it given the presence of special conditions such as: immunosenescence, pluripatology, polypharmacy, malnutrition, among others. The case of an elderly patient who is admitted to the emergency department due to clinical deterioration secondary to altered state of consciousness is presented below. Primary causes such as TBI, bleeding or cerebral ischemic events and seizure status are ruled out. Upon interrogation, long-standing respiratory symptoms were found with radiographic findings of tuberculosis, confirmed by chest CT, with subsequent neuroinfection findings given the persistence of altered state of consciousness and the report of lumbar puncture.Revista Nacional - Indexad

    Osteosarcopenia in older adults

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    Contexto: la osteosarcopenia es un nuevo síndrome geriátrico con graves consecuencias en el anciano. Se ha descrito su relación con el riesgo de caídas, fracturas, dependencia funcional y mortalidad, y se define como la coexistencia de una baja masa mineral ósea u osteoporosis y sarcopenia. Desde hace varios años, estas condiciones clínicas en el adulto mayor han sido diagnosticadas y tratadas por separado, sin embargo, es claro que los mejores resultados se evidencian realizando diagnóstico e intervención en conjunto. Además, en Colombia no existe información científica que estudie o describa este fenotipo en nuestra población de adultos mayores. Objetivo: el objetivo principal de esta revisión es realizar una descripción del fenotipo denominado osteosarcopenia, los mecanismos fisiopatológicos, los factores de riesgo y las implicaciones clínicas de esta entidad en la población adulta mayor, así como describir lo que se conoce en la actualidad acerca de su diagnóstico, tratamiento e intervenciones. Metodología: se realizó una búsqueda no sistemática de la literatura en osteosarcopenia, osteoporosis, osteopenia y sarcopenia, incluyendo literatura acerca de la epidemiología, fisiopatología y diagnóstico. Resultados: la evidencia en osteosarcopenia es escasa, sin embargo, hay literatura creciente sobre el tema de interés, así como la relación de la osteoporosis y la sarcopenia por separado. Así, se logran reunir los conceptos más importantes de la actualidad. Conclusiones: a pesar del impacto que tiene esta condición en los pacientes y el sistema de salud, aún se encuentra en progreso la búsqueda y la intervención simultánea y sistémica de la osteoporosis/osteopenia asociada a sarcopenia. Palabras claves: osteosarcopenia, envejecimiento, sarcopenia, osteoporosis, ancianos, adultos mayores.Context: Osteosarcopenia is a new geriatric syndrome with serious consequences in the elderly. Its relationship with the risk of falls, fractures, functional dependence and mortality has been described. It is defined as the coexistence of low bone mineral mass or osteoporosis and sarcopenia. For several years these clinical conditions in the elderly have been diagnosed and treated separately, however, it is clear that the best results are evidenced by carrying out a diagnosis and intervention together. In Colombia there is no scientific information that studies or describes this phenotype in our older adult population Objective: The main objective of this review is to describe the phenotype called osteosarcopenia, the pathophysiological mechanisms, risk factors and the clinical implications of this entity in the elderly population, as well as to describe what is currently known about its diagnosis, treatment and interventions. Methodology: A non-systematic search of the literature on osteosarcopenia, osteoporosis, osteopenia and sarcopenia was carried out, including literature on epidemiology, pathophysiology and diagnosis. Results: The evidence on osteosarcopenia is scarce, however, there is a growing literature on the topic of interest, as well as the relationship between osteoporosis and sarcopenia separately. They manage to gather the most important concepts of today. Conclusion: Despite the impact that this condition has on patients and the health system, the search for and simultaneous and systemic intervention of osteoporosis/osteopenia associated with sarcopenia is still in progress. Keywords: Osteosarcopenia, Aging, Sarcopenia, Osteoporosis, Elderly, Older Adultshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2502-0337https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=list_works&hl=es&hl=es&user=dZ5iuX8AAAAJhttps://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001648073Revista Nacional - IndexadaBS

    Frontotemporal lobar degeneration - agrammatic primary progressive aphasia : case report

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    We present a case of a 57-year-old male architect with a master's degree in economics who ran his own business and gave lectures until 2016, with a clinical presentation of 16 years of evolution which began with anxiety symptoms, excessive concern about tRevista Nacional - IndexadaS
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