Cytotoxicity of the mycotoxins deoxynivalenol and ochratoxin A on Caco-2 cell line in presence of resveratrol

Exposure to mycotoxins through dietary food intake involves a highly complex scenario where co-contamination of different mycotoxins has been frequently demonstrated. On the other hand, the effect of the interaction of mycotoxins with other generally considered beneficial food components, as the antioxidants, has been scarcely studied. The main goal of the present work was to assess the cytotoxic effects on Caco-2 cells of the mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and ochratoxin A (OTA), alone or combined, and to explore potential protective effects of resveratrol (RES), an antioxidant frequently found in wine. In parallel, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production has also been studied as a first approach to understand the underlying mechanism of cytotoxicity. Results indicate a higher toxic effect of the mycotoxins when they are co-exposed. This increase in cytotoxicity was not accompanied by an increase in ROS production. The co-exposure of OTA or DON with RES did not result in a decrease in cytotoxicity; on the contrary, it resulted in increased cytotoxicity not associated with an increase in ROS production.The authors are grateful to the CYTED Action 109AC0371, to the INIA project (RTA 2012-00053-00-00) as well as the Spanish (Project AGL2011-24862) and Catalonian (XaRTA-Reference Network on Food Technology) Governments for their financial support. C.A. González-Arias thanks the Secretaria de Universitats i Recerca del Departament de Economia i Coneixement of the Generalitat de Catalunya for the pre-doctoral grant

Fruit peels as sources of bioactive compounds with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties

Recently, a major interest in searching for phytochemicals with nutritional and pharmaceutical purposes has arisen. In this regard, it is known that polyphenols present antioxidant properties as well as an inhibitory effect against some kinds of microorganisms. The aim of this study was to obtain aqueous-ethanolic extracts from peels of avocado, cocoa bean, coconut and cactus pear by ultrasound-assisted extraction. The extracts were characterized in terms of phenolics (Folin-Ciocalteu reagent), antioxidant potential (ferric reducing/antioxidant power assay), radical-scavenging ability (2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical assay), and antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella dysenteriae and Candida albicans (disk diffusion test). The results revealed that the avocado peel extract had the highest phenol content (36.5 mg EAG g-1 dry weight), the highest antioxidant activity (141.2 mME Trolox g-1 dry weight) and the lowest IC50 value (59 ppm). Furthermore, avocado and coconut peels demonstrated an inhibitory effect against the tested microorganisms. Highlights Bioactive compounds from fruit by-products were obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction. A positive correlation between phenolics and antioxidant activity was observed. Extracts with higher antioxidant activity were more active against the tested microorganisms. Fruit by-products could represent an important source of compounds with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.Recently, a major interest in searching for phytochemicals with nutritional and pharmaceutical purposes has arisen. In this regard, it is known that polyphenols present antioxidant properties as well as an inhibitory effect against some kinds of microorganisms. The aim of this study was to obtain aqueous-ethanolic extracts from peels of avocado, cocoa bean, coconut and cactus pear by ultrasound-assisted extraction. The extracts were characterized in terms of phenolics (Folin-Ciocalteu reagent), antioxidant potential (ferric reducing/antioxidant power assay), radical-scavenging ability (2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical assay), and antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella dysenteriae and Candida albicans (disk diffusion test). The results revealed that the avocado peel extract had the highest phenol content (36.5 mg EAG g-1 dry weight), the highest antioxidant activity (141.2 mME Trolox g-1 dry weight) and the lowest IC50 value (59 ppm). Furthermore, avocado and coconut peels demonstrated an inhibitory effect against the tested microorganisms. Highlights Bioactive compounds from fruit by-products were obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction. A positive correlation between phenolics and antioxidant activity was observed. Extracts with higher antioxidant activity were more active against the tested microorganisms. Fruit by-products could represent an important source of compounds with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties

A singular position-dependent mass particle in an infinite potential well

We consider an unusual singular position=dependent-mass particle in an infinite potential well. The corresponding Hamiltonian is mapped through a point-canonical-transformation and an explicit correspondence between the target Hamiltonian and a Poschl-Teller type reference Hamiltonian is obtained. New ordering ambiguity parametric setting are suggested.Comment: 13 pages, no figures. To appear in Phys. Lett.

Rendimiento y calidad de Avena sativa asociada con Vicia sativa en la región puna del Perú

The study was conducted at the Alpaicayan Experimental Centre, Daniel Alcides Carrión National University, Pasco, Peru, with the objective of determining the forage production and nutritional quality of oats associated with vetch. Forage production was determined in green matter content (GM), dry matter (DM) and percent of dry matter (%DM). For the nutritional value, crude protein (%CP), neutral detergent fibre (%NDF), acid detergent fibre (%ADF), calcium (%Ca) and phosphorus (%P) were determined. The treatments were T-1 (Creole oat, 150 kg/ha), T-2 (Mantaro 15 oat, 110 kg/ha), T-3 (Mantaro 15 oat plus vetch, 110 and 30 kg/ha) and T-4 (creole oat plus vetch, 150 and 30 kg/ha). GM production indicated that T-1 and T-4 were similar but significantly greater than T-2 and T-3 (p<0.05); however, without significant differences in DM production between treatments. T-4 obtained the largest content of %PC, T-2 and T-4 presented greater yields of %NDF and %ADF. T-4 presented the highest content of %P, while there was no difference between treatments for the content of %Ca. It is concluded that the Mantaro 15 + vetch treatment has a better forage production and is of better nutritional quality in relation to the other treatments.El estudio se realizó en el Centro Experimental Alpaicayán, Universidad Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión, Pasco, Perú, con el objetivo fue determinar la producción forrajera y calidad nutricional de la avena asociada con vicia. Se determinó la producción forrajera en contenidos de materia verde (MV), materia seca (MS) y el porcentaje de materia seca (%MS). Para el valor nutricional se determinaron la proteína cruda (%PC), fibra detergente neutro (%FDN), fibra detergente ácido (%FDA), calcio (%Ca) y fósforo (%P). Los tratamientos fueron T-1 (avena criolla, 150 kg/ha), T-2 (avena Mantaro 15, 110 kg/ha), T- 3 (avena Mantaro 15 más vicia, 110 y 30 kg/ha) y T-4 (avena criolla más vicia, 150 y 30 kg/ha). La producción de MV indicó que T-1 y T-4 fue similar, pero significativamente superior a T-2 y T-3 (p<0.05); sin embargo, sin diferencias significativas en producción de MS entre tratamientos. T-4 obtuvo mayor contenido de %PC, T-2 y T-4 presentaron los mayores rendimientos de %FDN y %FDA. T-4 presentó el mayor contenido de %P, en tanto que no hubo diferencias entre tratamientos para el contenido de %Ca. Se concluye que el tratamiento Mantaro 15 +vicia tiene una mejor producción forrajera y es de mejor calidad nutricional en referencia a los otros tratamientos.

Proyecto de emprendimiento para el cuidado de perros por medios electrónicos

En este trabajo se presenta el modelo de negocios realizado a partir de la metodología Lean Starup que consiste en atender la problemática de la pérdida de mascotas, específicamente de perros. Se presenta el estudio de mercado realizado, que incluye un análisis de mercado, revisión de arquetipos de clientes, tamaño de mercado, tendencias y fuerzas de mercado. La solución propuesta consiste en colocar al perro un rastreador GPS que cuente con características de durabilidad y que pueda ser consultado a través de una aplicación móvil

Proyecto de emprendimiento para el cuidado de perros por medios electrónicos

En este trabajo se presenta el modelo de negocios realizado a partir de la metodología Lean Starup que consiste en atender la problemática de la pérdida de mascotas, específicamente de perros. Se presenta el estudio de mercado realizado, que incluye un análisis de mercado, revisión de arquetipos de clientes, tamaño de mercado, tendencias y fuerzas de mercado. La solución propuesta consiste en colocar al perro un rastreador GPS que cuente con características de durabilidad y que pueda ser consultado a través de una aplicación móvil.ITESO, A. C

Atopic Dermatitis and Erythrodermia Associated With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Case Report

La eritrodermia es una dermatosis inflamatoria que involucra capas parciales o totales de la piel. La mortalidad es del 16%. Los síntomas sistémicos incluyen fiebre, taquicardia, hinchazón de las extremidades, adenomegalia y hepatomegalia. Las causas infecciosas son las más frecuentes, estando presentes hasta en un 40%, seguidas de ictiosis y dermatitis en el 15% de los casos