Autocuidado y cultura de la prevención como herramientas de la salud laboral

La salud laboral, se ve influenciada por el autocuidado y la cultura preventiva, pues es necesario que dentro del ambiente de trabajo existan, procesos y procedimientos de prevención, cuidado de los bienes de la empresa, personal y del otro, con la finalidad de que exista armonía entre los mismos, desencadenando una mejora de la calidad de vida del trabajo, la relación entre el trabajo y la familia, la eficacia de la labor realizada y por ende mejorar el bienestar, minimizando afecciones o accidentes. La metodología aplicada para el desarrollo de esta investigación fue de tipo cualitativo, dado que la información recopilada y redactada en este documento se obtuvo a partir del análisis documental, de bibliografía existente, tanto en libros, revistas científicas, estudios, normativa nacional e internacional, páginas web, etc., enfocadas al tema de salud laboral, autocuidado y cultura preventiva dentro del medio laboral; complementado la misma con una serie de entrevistas a expertos conocedores del tema, o que han tenido un acercamiento más profesional a la gestión de esas prácticas, para así aproximarse un poco a la realidad empresarial de Ecuador, en cuanto a salud laboral y prevención. Se concluye que todos estos elementos en conjunto, ayudan a entender la importancia que tiene la salud laboral dentro de las organizaciones, generando bienestar y calidad de vida en los colaboradores con ambientes de trabajo adecuados, en lo físico, social y psíquico, mediante estrategias de gestión de autocuidado y prevención, que involucran a todos los miembros de una organización desde los altos mandos, hasta los niveles operativos

Protective Effect of Intestinal Helminthiasis Against Tuberculosis Progression Is Abrogated by Intermittent Food Deprivation

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is still a major challenge for humankind. Because regions with the highest incidence also have a high prevalence of helminthiasis and nutritional scarcity, we wanted to understand the impact of these on TB progression. Methods: We have developed an experimental murine model for active TB in C3HeB/FeJ, coinfected with Trichuris muris and Heligmosomoides polygyrus nematodes, and exposed to an environmental mycobacterium (M. manresensis) and intermittent fasting. Cause-effect relationships among these factors were explored with Partial Least Squares Path modelling (PLSPM). Results: Previous parasitization had a major anti-inflammatory effect and reduced systemic levels of ADA, haptoglobin, local pulmonary levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, CXCL-1, CXCL-5 and IL-10. Oral administration of heat-killed M. manresensis resulted in a similar outcome. Both interventions diminished pulmonary pathology and bacillary load, but intermittent food deprivation reduced this protective effect increasing stress and inflammation. The PLSPM revealed nematodes might have protective effects against TB progression. Conclusions: Significantly higher cortisol levels in food-deprivation groups showed it is a stressful condition, which might explain its deleterious effect. This highlights the impact of food security on TB eradication policies and the need to prioritize food supply over deworming activities.The project leading to these results has received funding from la Caixa Foundation (ID 100010434), under agreement LCF/ PR/GN16/10290002. This work was supported by the Plan Nacional I + D + I co-financed by ISCIII-Subdirección General de Evaluación and Fondo-EU de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) through PC contract IFI14/00015. LA was supported by the European Commission Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement TBVAC2020 No. 64338. The Experimental Tuberculosis Unit is accredited by the Catalan Agency for Management of University and Research Grants (AGAUR) with code 2017 SGR500 and the IGTP is a member of the CERCA network of institutes. ES and AT are supported by the SpanishMinisterio de Ciencia Innovación y Universidades (MICINN) through a Ramon y Cajal agreements (RYC-2016-21120; RYC-2017-22992). The research activities of CG-A are supported by a research fellow linked to the RYC-2016-21120

Can systems immunology lead tuberculosis eradication?

25 years after the declaration of a Global Emergency by the World Health Organization, tuberculosis (TB) remains a major enemy to the humankind. During this period, much progress has been done to better understand its natural history, revealing its huge complexity, which highlighted the need for implementing systems immunology approaches. Recent advances focused in understanding the role of macrophage subtypes and dendritic cells role, the importance of cytokine balance, and the antigenic repertoire. Identification of early irruption of polymorphonuclear neutrophils and extracellular growth of the bacilli seem to be the most disruptive factors to understand the evolution towards active TB. Their inclusion in future models will provide new tools for the better understanding of the tuberculosis.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Propuesta en Supply Chain Management y Logística en la empresa IQA S.A.S

El presente trabajo se enfoca en una propuesta de mejora de la cadena de suministro en la empresa IQA S.A.S, la cual tiene como principal actividad la comercialización y distribución de suministros químicos alimentarios para medianas y pequeñas empresas del departamento de Sucre. La investigación se desarrolló por medio de diferentes fases, permitiendo inicialmente dar una contextualización general de la empresa para luego profundizar haciendo un diagnóstico de todos los subprocesos que integran a la cadena de suministro de IQA S.A.S, señalando las necesidades y oportunidades de mejora que se podrían implementar en la empresa. Es de esta manera como se van ejecutando gradualmente por cada fase diferentes planes de mejora, principalmente en los procesos de aprovisionamiento; donde por medio de una lista de chequeo se da a conocer la mejor forma de realizar los pedidos sin permitir desabastecimiento y realizar un correcto pronóstico de demanda. Por otra parte, se realizó una mejora significativa en los procesos de almacenamiento diseñando un nuevo layout que permitirá mejores rendimientos en el flujo y almacenamiento de los productos. Con esta propuesta se desea finalmente obtener unos resultados satisfactorios en los procesos logísticos de la empresa la cual continuara con sus actividades de una manera más organizada y productiva, apuntando siempre a una mejora continua permanente. Palabras clave: abastecimiento, demanda, empresa, proveedores, clientesThis work focuses on a proposal to improve the supply chain in the company IQA S.A.S, whose main activity is the commercialization and distribution of food chemical supplies for medium and small companies in the department of Sucre The research was developed through different phases, initially allowing to give a general contextualization of the company and then to deepen by making a diagnosis of all the sub-processes that make up the IQA SAS supply chain, pointing out the needs and opportunities for improvement that could be implement in the company. It is in this way that different improvement plans are gradually implemented in each phase, mainly in the supply processes; where by means of a checklist, the best way to place orders is disclosed without allowing shortages and making a correct demand forecast. On the other hand, a significant improvement was made in the storage processes by designing a new layout that will allow better performance in the flow and storage of the products. With this proposal it is finally desired to obtain satisfactory results in the logistical processes of the company which will continue with its activities in a more organized and productive way, always aiming at a permanent continuous improvement. Keywords: supply, demand, company, suppliers, customer

Identification of the most vulnerable populations in the psychosocial sphere: a cross-sectional study conducted in Catalonia during the strict lockdown imposed against the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design and objectives A cross-sectional study to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on the psychosocial sphere in both the general population and healthcare workers (HCWs). Methods The study was conducted in Catalonia (Spain) during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic when strict lockdown was in force. The study population included all people aged over 16 years who consented to participate in the study and completed the survey, in this case a 74-question questionnaire shared via social media using snowball sampling. A total of 56 656 completed survey questionnaires were obtained between 3 and 19 April 2020. The primary and secondary outcome measures included descriptive statistics for the non-psychological questions and the psychological impact of the pandemic, such as depression, anxiety, stress and post-traumatic stress disorder question scores. Results A n early and markedly negative impact on family finances, fear of working with COVID-19 patients and ethical issues related to COVID-19 care among HCWs was observed. A total of seven target groups at higher risk of impaired mental health and which may therefore benefit from an intervention were identified, namely women, subjects aged less than 42 years, people with a care burden, socioeconomically deprived groups, people with unskilled or unqualified jobs, patients with COVID-19 and HCWs working with patients with COVID-19. Conclusions Active implementation of specific strategies to increase resilience and to prepare an adequate organisational response should be encouraged for the seven groups identified as high risk and susceptible to benefit from an intervention

A longitudinal prospective study of active tuberculosis in a Western Europe setting : insights and findings

This study investigates the potential of inflammatory parameters (IP), symptoms, and patient-related outcome measurements as biomarkers of severity and their ability to predict tuberculosis (TB) evolution. People with TB were included prospectively in the Stage-TB study conducted at five clinical sites in Barcelona (Spain) between April 2018 and December 2021. Data on demographics, epidemiology, clinical features, microbiology, and Sanit George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) and Kessler-10 as Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) were collected at three time points during treatment. C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), neutrophil/lymphocyte, and monocyte/lymphocyte ratios (NLR and MLR), complement factors C3, C4, and cH50, clinical and microbiological data, and HRQoL questionnaires were assessed at baseline, 2 months, and 6 months. Their ability to predict sputum culture conversion (SCC) and symptom presence after 2 months of treatment was also analysed. The study included 81 adults and 13 children with TB. The CRP, ESR, NLR, and MLR values, as well as the presence of symptoms, decreased significantly over time in both groups. Higher IP levels at baseline were associated with greater bacillary load and persistent symptoms. Clinical severity at baseline predicted a delayed SCC. Kessler-10 improved during follow-up, but self-reported lung impairment (SGRQ) persisted in all individuals after 6 months. IP levels may indicate disease severity, and sustained high levels are linked to lower treatment efficacy. Baseline clinical severity is the best predictor of SCC. Implementing health strategies to evaluate lung function and mental health throughout the disease process may be crucial for individuals with TB. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s15010-024-02184-2

["Good life is to be in peace and harmony with everything around us": a qualitative study on good living among the Kankuamo Indigenous people of Colombia].

The Kankuamo people are one of the 102 native peoples of Colombia, who are developing strategies for individual and collective health self-management. This article aims to investigate, identify and analyze, collaboratively and interculturally, the factors that influence the well-being of the Kankuamo people, using the Capabilities Approach proposed by Amartya Sen. To this end, three focus groups were conducted with the participation of 37 people from the 15 communities of the Kankuamo reservation. The transcripts were analyzed by means of a thematic analysis. Three central themes for the well-being of the Kankuamo emerged from the focus groups: (i) harmony between nature and human beings, (ii) social coexistence and (iii) self-determination. These themes reflect the fundamental principles and values that guide the community towards a good life, expansion of their capabilities, harmony and holistic development. The results suggest that material aspects play a secondary role in the Kankuamo community's concept of good life, and confirm that it is fundamental to consider a collective vision of capabilities, not only individual ones, in indigenous contexts. Studies such as this one can contribute to the development of more contextually appropriate approaches to assess and measure the quality of life and well-being of Indigenous communities, including the Kankuamo people

Dissemination of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> is associated to a <i>SIGLEC1</i> null variant that limits antigen exchange via trafficking extracellular vesicles

The identification of individuals with null alleles enables studying how the loss of gene function affects infection. We previously described a non‐functional variant in SIGLEC1, which encodes the myeloid‐cell receptor Siglec‐1/CD169 implicated in HIV‐1 cell‐to‐cell transmission. Here we report a significant association between the SIGLEC1 null variant and extrapulmonary dissemination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in two clinical cohorts comprising 6,256 individuals. Local spread of bacteria within the lung is apparent in Mtb‐infected Siglec‐1 knockout mice which, despite having similar bacterial load, developed more extensive lesions compared to wild type mice. We find that Siglec‐1 is necessary to induce antigen presentation through extracellular vesicle uptake. We postulate that lack of Siglec‐1 delays the onset of protective immunity against Mtb by limiting antigen exchange via extracellular vesicles, allowing for an early local spread of mycobacteria that increases the risk for extrapulmonary dissemination

Factores que modifican el desarrollo y la progresión de la tuberculosis: obesidad, multiinfección y cording

La tuberculosis (TB) es una enfermedad infecciosa causada por el bacilo Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Esta enfermedad se encuentra entre las 10 mayores causas de muerte y se estima que un cuarto de la población mundial se encuentra infectada por Mtb. No todos los individuos infectados por el bacilo desarrollarán la enfermedad a lo largo de su vida, pero esta probabilidad incrementa en presencia de factores relacionados con el huésped, ambientales y del patógeno. Entre los factores relacionados con el huésped, se encuentran las comorbilidades: la diabetes y otras patologías relacionadas, como la obesidad y el síndrome metabólico. La única vacuna disponible contra la TB es la Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), la cual presenta una efectividad variable contra las formas adultas de TB pulmonar. En la actualidad, un importante campo de estudio es la búsqueda de modelos animales que mimeticen las situaciones en las que se da la TB en humanos, en los que testar nuevos candidatos a vacuna, y que ayuden a prevenir futuros fracasos en la fase clínica del desarrollo de los mismos. Con esta finalidad, en el presente proyecto hemos desarrollado un modelo de comorbilidad de obesidad-TB en la cepa de ratón C3HeB/FeJ, en el que se ha observado una protección variable de la BCG con una incapacidad en la reducción de la supervivencia y la carga bacilar pulmonar en condiciones de obesidad. Además, en los animales bajo esta condición se ha observado una reducción de la diversidad de la microbiota intestinal y un aumento de patrón proinflamatorio del sistema inmune. Estos resultados podrían explicar la variabilidad de protección que presenta la BCG. Además, también se ha estudiado el cording como factor de riesgo relacionado con el patógeno, observando que éste influye en la capacidad infectiva de la bacteria y la progresión de la TB. Con este estudio se abren nuevos caminos en el ámbito del desarrollo y evaluación de nuevos candidatos a vacuna en estado preclínico, y se ha demostrado que existen diversos factores a tener en cuenta a la hora de desarrollar un modelo real y fiable para el estudio de la TB.Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). TB is among the top 10 leading causes of death and it is estimated that a quarter of the world's population is infected with Mtb. Not all individuals infected with the bacillus will develop the disease throughout their life, but this probability increases in the presence of factors related to the host, environmental and also the pathogen. Among the factors related to the host we found comorbidities: diabetes and other related pathologies, such as obesity and metabolic syndrome. The only vaccine available against TB is Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), which presents a variable protection against adult forms of pulmonary TB. Currently, an important field of study is the search for animal models that mimic the situations in which TB occurs in humans, in which to test new vaccine candidates, and that help prevent future failures of them in the clinical phase of development. For this purpose, in the present project we have developed a model of obesity-TB comorbidity in the C3HeB/FeJ mouse strain, in which a variable BCG protection has been observed with a incapacity in the reduction of survival and pulmonary bacillary load in obesity conditions. In addition, in animals under this condition, a reduction in gut microbiota and an increase in the pro-inflammatory pattern of the immune system have been observed. These results could explain the variability of protection showed with BCG vaccination. In addition, cording formation has also been studied as a risk factor related to the pathogen, noting that it influences the infective capacity of the bacteria and the progression of TB. This study opens new insights in the field of development and evaluation of new vaccine candidates in a preclinical state, and it has been shown that there are several factors to consider when developing a trustworthy model for the study of TB