Histological characteristics of chronic gastritis reported in gastric biopsies from children aged 1 to 16 years at the Hospital Infantil de San José from september 2008 to september 2010

La gastritis es una inflamación del revestimiento de la mucosa gástrica en respuesta a una lesión. Puede ser aguda, crónica o mixta y estar asociada con metaplasia intestinal y atrofia. Los factores etiológicos son múltiples y varían desde irritantes, químicos, inmunológicos y genéticos, hasta infecciosos; dentro de estos últimos se destaca el bacilo Helicobacter pylori como el agente causal más común. Objetivo: Caracterizar los hallazgos histológicos de la gastritis crónica en niños de 1 a 16 años de edad internados en el Hospital Infantil de San José, durante el período comprendido entre septiembre de 2008 a septiembre de 2010. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo, de corte transversal. La información se obtuvo de los reportes de biopsias gástricas de niños entre 1 a 16 años de edad, evaluados en el Hospital Infantil de San José entre septiembre de 2008 y septiembre de 2010. Resultados: Se revisaron 826 reportes de biopsias gástricas de niños con gastritis crónica, y se pudo observar que el 59,2% de la muestra eran niñas y el promedio de edad fue de 9 años. El Helicobacter pylori estuvo presente en el 58,96% de la población, la atrofi a gástrica en el 0,7% y la metaplasia intestinal en el 1%. Se identificó que la presencia de este microorganismo estuvo relacionada con el grado de inflamación crónica y el grado de actividad neutrofílica polimorfonuclear. Conclusiones: La infección por Helicobacter pylori es frecuente en la gastritis crónica en la infancia y su presencia se relaciona con el grado de inflamación crónica y de actividad neutrofílica polimorfonuclear.Gastritis is an infl ammation of the lining of the gastric mucosa which occurs in response to an injury. It can be acute, chronic or mixed, and it can be associated with intestinal metaplasia and atrophy. There are multiple etiologic factors including irritation, chemical, immunological, genetic and infectious factors. Among the latter, Helicobacter pylori is the most common causative agent. Objective: The objective of this study was to characterize histologic fi ndings of chronic gastritis in children aged 1-16 years at the Hospital Infantil de San José from September 2008 to September 2010. Materials and methods: This was an observational and descriptive cross sectional study. Information was obtained from gastric biopsy reports from children between 1 and 16 years of age who had been evaluated at the Hospital Infantil de San José from September 2008 to September 2010. Results: We reviewed 826 reports of gastric biopsies from children with chronic gastritis. 59.2% of the sam ple was female, and the mean age was 9 years. Helicobacter pylori was present in 58.96% of this population,gastric atrophy was present in 0.7% and intestinal metaplasia in 1%. It was found that the presence of Helicobacter pylori was related to the degree of chronic infl ammation and polymorphonuclear neutrophil activity levels. Conclusions: Helicobacter pylori infection is common in chronic gastritis in children and its presence is related to the degree of chronic infl ammation and polymorphonuclear neutrophil activity

Vivencia de la terapia clown en ambientes oncológicos pediátricos desde el terapeuta

La presente investigación tuvo como fin establecer un acercamiento a la vivencia de la terapia de la risa en el proceso de hospitalización de niños diagnosticados con cáncer, desde la percepción de terapeutas clown. Para lograr dicho objetivo se utilizó una metodología cualitativa, fenomenológica, con diseño descriptivo exploratorio para la cual se llevaron a cabo dos observaciones de la terapia clown en el Instituto nacional de cancerología cancerológico de Bogotá, en las que participaron 10 terapeutas clown y los niños hospitalizados y sus acompañantes al momento de la terapia. Posteriormente se realizó un grupo focal con 5 miembros de la fundación Doctora clown, para contrastar la información recolectada en la observación. Los resultados indican que la terapia de la risa puede presentarse como apoyo en crisis y método de sanación física y emocional, al resignificar la vivencia de la enfermedad y las variables asociadas al contexto hospitalario en los niños y niñas y sus acompañantes; generando impacto simultáneamente en los terapeutas. Respecto a la importancia de la psicología, se considera que un proceso de acompañamiento psicológico simultáneo a la terapia de la risa puede fortalecerla en pro de la calidad de vida de los niños y niñas y la atención multidisciplinar brindada.The current research aims to establish an approach related to the impact of laughter therapy on the hospitalization process of children diagnosed with cancer, from the perception of clown therapists. To achieve this objective, a qualitative, phenomenological methodology was used, with an exploratory descriptive design for which two observations of clown therapy were carried out at Instituto Cancerológico de Bogotá, in which 10 clown therapists, the children and their hospitalized companions at the moment of the therapy took part; subsequently, a focus group with 5 members of the Dr. Clown Foundation was formed to compare the data collected in the observation. The results presented in this study indicate that laughter therapy works as support in crisis and as a physical and emotional healing method, by resignifying the experience of the disease and the variables associated to the hospital context in children and their companions, impacting therapists simultaneously. Regarding the importance of psychology, it is considered that a process of psychological accompaniment, simultaneously to the therapy of laughter, can strengthen it in favor of the quality of life of the children and the multidisciplinary attention provided.Psicólogo (a)Pregrad

El empleo espontáneo de conectores y vocabulario relacionado con las ciencias: Implicaciones en la argumentación escrita

Este estudio da continuidad a esfuerzos previos dedicados a promover la escritura argumentativa en ciencia escolar. En el presente artículo se dan a conocer los conectores y el vocabulario relacionado con las ciencias que emplean espontáneamente (sin intervención del profesor) estudiantes entre 8 y 18 años de edad. Las producciones escritas (textos narrativos) de 343 participantes (183 niñas - 160 niños) fueron examinadas para conocer cuáles son los conectores y el vocabulario relacionado con las ciencias que emplean espontáneamente, y cuál es la diferencia de su empleo según género y edad. Los resultados indican, por lo menos en este contexto, que el empleo de conectores depende de la edad y no del género. Respecto al vocabulario, se hallaron variaciones leves (poco significativas) con el paso de la edad de los participantes, niñas y niños lo emplean espontáneamente de modo similar. Estos resultados soportan la urgente necesidad de propiciar escenarios de escritura argumentativa en clase de ciencias.Palabras clave: Argumentación escrita; conector; didáctica de las ciencias; vocabulario.Students’ spontaneous use of connectors and vocabulary related to science: Implications for written argumentationThis study continues previous effort to promote written argumentation in school science. This article shows the 343 students’ (183 females and 160 males, 8–18 years old) spontaneous (without the teacher’s intervention) use of connectors and vocabulary related to science. Participants’ written productions were examined in order to know which connectors and vocabulary they used spontaneously. Data on students’ gender and age were also collected to explore the relationship between these factors. Results show, within this context at least, that the use of connectors depends on the age and does not depend on the gender. In relation to the vocabulary, slight variations (insignificants) were found over the age of participants, girls and boys use it in a similar way. Findings support the urgent need for promoting written argumentation scenarios in science classrooms.Keywords: Connector; science teaching; vocabulary; written argumentation

Un mundo real que no podemos ignorar: el caso de Rosario Tijeras

This article is based on the research “Political proposals in the nineteenth century Colombian novel” of Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Bucaramanga, 2009. In particular, the purpose of this research is Rosario Tijeras written by the Colombian author Jorge Franco Ramos, who took inspiration from the female role for telling us about a reality of his hometown Medellin.   This harsh reality, which is similar to that experienced by many Colombian young people, makes this novel significant to be used as the main element of a new educational tool which aims to bring this kind of readings into the classroom and see how these kinds of texts generate new reading habits in the students.Este artículo está basado en la investigación“Postulaciones políticas en la novela colombiana del siglo XIX” de la Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, sede Bucaramanga, 2009. En particular, el objeto de esta investigación es la obra Rosario Tijeras del escritor colombiano Jorge Franco Ramos, quien se ha inspirado desde el rol femenino para contarnos una realidad vivida en su ciudad natal, Medellín. Esta cruda realidad se asemeja a la vivida por muchos jóvenes colombianos, hecho que resulta significativo para utilizar dicha novela como elemento principal de una herramienta pedagógica novedosa que pretende llevar este tipo de lectura al aula de clase, y observar cómo esta clase de novelas promueve y genera en los estudiantes nuevos hábitos de lectura

Students’ spontaneous use of connectors and vocabulary related to science: Implications for written argumentation

Este estudio da continuidad a esfuerzos previos dedicados a promover la escritura argumentativa en ciencia escolar. En el presente artículo se dan a conocer los conectores y el vocabulario relacionado con las ciencias que emplean espontáneamente (sin intervención del profesor) estudiantes entre 8 y 18 años de edad. Las producciones escritas (textos narrativos) de 343 participantes (183 niñas - 160 niños) fueron examinadas para 13 conocer cuáles son los conectores y el vocabulario relacionado con las ciencias que emplean espontáneamente, y cuál es la diferencia de su empleo según género y edad. Los resultados indican, por lo menos en este contexto, que el empleo de conectores depende de la edad y no del género. Respecto al vocabulario, se hallaron variaciones leves (poco significativas) con el paso de la edad de los participantes, niñas y niños lo emplean espontáneamente de modo similar. Estos resultados soportan la urgente necesidad de propiciar escenarios de escritura argumentativa en clase de ciencias.This study continues previous effort to promote written argumentation in school science. This article shows the 24 343 students’ (183 females and 160 males, 8–18 years old) spontaneous (without the teacher’s intervention) use of connectors and vocabulary related to science. Participants’ written productions were examined in order to know which connectors and vocabulary they used spontaneously. Data on students’ gender and age were also collected to explore the relationship between these factors. Results show, within this context at least, that the use of connectors depends on the age and does not depend on the gender. In relation to the vocabulary, slight variations (insignificants) were found over the age of participants, girls and boys use it in a similar way. Findings support the urgent need for promoting written argumentation scenarios in science classrooms

Regulación emocional y habilidades de afrontamiento en profesores colombianos de educación básica primaria

Teachers’ emotional regulation and coping skills influence students’ welfare and psychological balance. This study identified the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics, emotional regulation, and coping skills of 112 primary teachers intentionally selected from four Colombian regions. The authors carried out empirical-analytical research and a descriptive, correlational, and transactional design. In addition, they used the sociodemographic file, the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI), and a modified coping skills scale. The descriptive and associative analysis evidence that the population has anger-state and anger-trait low levels, which avoid aggressive answers. Older and more experienced teachers show anger-state lower levels while more experienced teachers have a better external anger control. Those teachers who work in urban zones with more than 30 students evidence anger-trait low scores and female teachers show more internal anger control. Teachers who have a partner avoid the negation coping skill; teachers who work in an urban zone and have more experience and higher qualifications make use of conflict resolution. Besides, female teachers use religion and autonomy. The study concludes that the participants use positive coping skills although they suppress anger that is determined by the context and the learning background. The results point out that emotional regulation trainings and teachers’ coping skills favor students’ socio-emotional stability.La regulación emocional y las habilidades de afrontamiento de los profesores influyen en el bienestar y el ajuste psicológico de sus estudiantes. Este estudio identificó la relación entre las características sociodemográficas, la regulación emocional y las habilidades de afrontamiento en 112 docentes de Educación Básica Primaria, seleccionados intencionalmente de cuatro regiones de Colombia. Mediante una investigación empírico analítica, con un diseño descriptivo correlacional transaccional, se aplicó la ficha sociodemográfica, el inventario expresión de ira estado-rasgo y la escala de estrategias de afrontamiento Coping modificada. Los análisis descriptivos y de asociación evidencian una población con bajos niveles de ira estado e ira rasgo que evita respuestas agresivas. Los educadores con mayor edad y experiencia presentan niveles más bajos de ira estado, mientras que los de más experiencia, mayor control externo de la ira. Los que trabajan en zona urbana, con más de 30 educandos muestran puntajes bajos en ira rasgo y las profesoras manifiestan más control interno de la ira. Quienes tienen pareja eluden la habilidad de afrontamiento de negación; los que trabajan en el área urbana y cuentan con mayor experiencia y los que tienen mayor nivel de formación emplean la resolución de conflictos; y las profesoras utilizan la religión y la autonomía. Se concluye que los participantes usan habilidades de afrontamiento positivas, aunque reprimen expresar la ira, lo que está determinado por el contexto y la historia de aprendizaje. Los resultados indican que los entrenamientos en regulación emocional y las habilidades de afrontamiento en maestros favorecen la estabilidad socioemocional en los estudiantes

DICER1-associated central nervous system sarcoma: A comprehensive clinical and genomic characterization of case series of young adult patients

Las alteraciones de DICER1 están asociadas con tumores intracraneales en la población pediátrica, incluidos el pineoblastoma, el blastoma hipofisario y el recientemente descrito " sarcoma primario del SNC asociado a DICER1 " (DCS). DCS es un tumor extremadamente agresivo con una firma de metilación distinta y una alta frecuencia de mutaciones concurrentes. Sin embargo, se sabe poco sobre su enfoque de tratamiento y los cambios genómicos que ocurren después de la exposición a la quimiorradioterapia.DICER1 alterations are associated with intracranial tumors in the pediatric population, including pineoblastoma, pituitary blastoma and the recently described "DICER1-associated primary CNS sarcoma" (DCS). DCS is an extremely aggressive tumor with a distinct methylation signature and a high frequency of concurrent mutations. However, little is known about its treatment approach and the genomic changes that occur after exposure to chemoradiotherapy

Multigene mutation profiling and clinical characteristics of small-cell lung cancer in never-smokers vs. seavy smokers (Geno1.3-CLICaP)

Objectives: Lung cancer is a heterogeneous disease. Presentation and prognosis are known to vary according to several factors, such as genetic and demographic characteristics. Small-cell lung cancer incidence is increasing in never-smokers. However, the disease phenotype in this population is different compared with patients who have a smoking history. Material and Methods: To further investigate the clinical and genetic characteristics of this patient subgroup, a cohort of small cell lung cancer patients was divided into smokers (n = 10) and never/ever-smokers (n = 10). A somatic mutation profile was obtained using a comprehensive NGS assay. Clinical outcomes were compared using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional models. Results: Median age was 63 years (46–81), 40% were men, and 90% had extended disease. Smoker patients had significantly more cerebral metastases (p = 0.04) and were older (p = 0.03) compared to their non-smoker counterparts. For never/ever smokers, the main genetic mutations were TP53 (80%), RB1 (40%), CYLD (30%), and EGFR (30%). Smoker patients had more RB1 (80%, p = 0.04), CDKN2A (30%, p = 0.05), and CEBPA (30%, p = 0.05) mutations. Response rates to first-line therapy with etoposide plus cisplatin/carboplatin were 50% in smokers and 90% in never/ever smokers (p = 0.141). Median overall survival was significantly longer in never smokers compared with smokers (29.1 months [23.5–34.6] vs. 17.3 months [4.8–29.7]; p = 0.0054). Never/ever smoking history (HR 0.543, 95% CI 0.41–0.80), limited-stage disease (HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.40–0.91) and response to first-line platinum-based chemotherapy (HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.60–0.92) were independently associated with good prognosis. Conclusion: Our data supports that never/ever smoker patients with small-cell lung cancer have better prognosis compared to their smoker counterparts. Further, patients with never/ever smoking history who present with small-cell lung cancer have a different mutation profile compared with smokers, including a high frequency of EGFR, MET, and SMAD4 mutations. Further studies are required to assess whether the differential mutation profile is a consequence of a diverse pathological mechanism for disease onset

Genotyping squamous cell lung carcinoma in Colombia (Geno1.1-CLICaP)

Background: Lung cancer is a public health problem, and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most prevalent subtype of this neoplasm. Compared to other subtypes, including adenocarcinoma, SCC is less well understood in terms of molecular pathogenesis, limiting therapeutic options among targeted agents approved for other disease subgroups. In this study, we sought to characterize the SCC genomic profile using a validated Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) platform. Methods: The comprehensive NGS assay (TruSight Tumor 170) was used in order to target the full coding regions of 170 cancer-related genes on SCC samples. PD-L1 expression in tumor cells (TCs) was assessed using clone 22C3 (Dako). Clinical outcomes were correlated with molecular profile, including progression free survival (PFS), overall response rate (ORR), and overall survival (OS). Results: A total of 26 samples were included, median age was 67 years (r, 33–83) and 53.8% were men. Tobacco consumption was identified in all subjects (mean 34-year package). For first-line treatment 80.8% of patients received cisplatin or carboplatin plus gemcitabine. In terms of molecular profile, we identified a high prevalence of inactivating mutations in TP53 (61.5%), PIK3CA (34.6%), MLL2 (34.6%), KEAP1 (38.4%), and NOTCH1 (26.9%). PD-L1 expression ranged from negative, 1, 2–49, and ≥50% in 23.1, 38.5, 26.9, and 11.5%, respectively. Interestingly, the genetic alterations did not have an effect in PFS, OS or ORR in this study. However, PDL1 expression was higher among those who had mutations in TP53 (p = 0.037) and greater expression of PDL1 was related to PIK3CA alterations (p = 0.05). Conclusions: The genomic profile of SCC encompasses important genes including TP53, PIK3CA and KEAP1. TP53 mutations could be associated with PDL1 expression, generating hypothesis regarding specific treatment options

Acquired Resistance to Erlotinib in EGFR Mutation-Positive Lung Adenocarcinoma among Hispanics (CLICaP)

Q2Q1Artículo original513-523Background Lung cancer harboring epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and treated with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) all eventually develop acquired resistance to the treatment, with half of the patients developing EGFR T790M resistance mutations. Objective The purpose of this study was to assess histological and clinical characteristics and survival outcomes in Hispanic EGFR mutated lung cancer patients after disease progression. Patients and Methods EGFR mutation-positive lung cancer patients (n = 34) with acquired resistance to the EGFR-TKI erlotinib were identified from 2011 to 2015. Post-progression tumor specimens were collected for molecular analysis. Post-progression interventions, response to treatment, and survival were assessed and compared among all patients and those with and without T790M mutations. Results Mean age was 59.4 +/- 13.9 years, 65% were never-smokers, and 53% had a performance status 0-1. All patients received erlotinib as first-line treatment. Identified mutations included: 60% DelE19 (Del746-750) and 40% L858R. First-line erlotinib overall response rate (ORR) was 61.8% and progression free survival (PFS) was 16.8 months (95% CI: 13.7-19.9). Acquired resistance mutations identified were T790M mutation (47.1%); PI3K mutations (14.7%); EGFR amplification (14.7%); KRAS mutation (5.9%); MET amplification (8.8%); HER2 alterations (5.9%, deletions/insertions in e20); and SCLC transformation (2.9%). Of patients, 79.4% received treatment after progression. ORR for post-erlotinib treatment was 47.1% (CR 2/PR 14) and median PFS was 8.3 months (95% CI: 2.2-36.6). Median overall survival (OS) from treatment initiation was 32.9 months (95% CI: 30.4-35.3), and only the use of post-progression therapy affected OS in a multivariate analysis (p = 0.05). Conclusions Hispanic patients with acquired resistance to erlotinib continued to be sensitive to other treatments after progression. The proportion of T790M+ patients appears to be similar to that previously reported in Caucasians