SHORT AND LONG-TERM PRICE ELASTICITY OF ROOM DEMAND-A TOOL FOR REVENUE MANAGEMENT: A HOTEL CASE STUDY IN BALI

Room revenue is one of the biggest revenues in the hotel industry which is cited in the literature contributed 70-75% to total hotel revenue. Due to these roles, extant studies have been done in room revenue management. This study applied archival data to answer the proposed research questions. Prior to conducting empirical research personal approaches have been done by contacting directly hotel managers in resort area of Nusa Dua Bali to see the possibility of obtaining theneeded data. We got information that data on revenues especially rooms were prohibited for research activities. It may only be used for internal hotel use only. The managerial implications of this study are the following. First, that the management of MBLH hotel should design itsroom rate structures in such a way that could capture the dynamics of the seasons and guest segments. Second, that the management of MBLH hotel should review its policy on marketing especially on room rates contracts with all of its partners. The findings of this study areapplicable only for the MBLH hotel and thus they cannot be generalized for hotels in Bali. Second, the length of daily observation covered only for 488 daily observations. It needs a longer daily observation to achieve a better result. Based on those limitations it is strongly suggested to conduct a similar study covering all classes of hotels all over Bali province with longer daily observations

PROSES PEMBUATAN RANGKA PADA MESIN PENGUPAS DAN PERAJANG BAWANG MERAH

Rangka merupakan komponen yang terdapat pada Mesin Pengupas dan Perajang Bawang Merah. Fungsi dari rangka ini adalah untuk menopang bagian-bagian mesin. Tujuan dari pembuatan rangka mesin ini adalah: (1) mengetahui bagaimana menentukan bahan yang tepat dalam proses pembuatan rangka; (2) mengetahui alat dan mesin yang digunakan dalam proses pembuatan rangka; (3) mengetahui proses pembuatan rangka Mesin Pengupas dan Perajang Bawang Merah; (4) mengetahui uji dimensi dan uji fungsi pada rangka Mesin Pengupas dan Perajang Bawang Merah. Rangka Mesin Pengupas dan Perajang Bawang Merah terbuat dari bahan Baja dengan jenis profil L, dan plat strip. Mesin dan alat yang digunakan dalam pembuatan rangka mesin adalah : Mesin las MIG dan kelengkapannya,mesin bor dan kelengkepannya, jangka sorong, meteran, penyiku, penggores, dan penitik. Metode yang digunakan dalam pembuatan rangka ini meliputi: identifikasi gambar kerja, identifikasi bahan, mesin dan alat yang digunakan, dan menentukan proses pembuatan yang efektif. Sedangkan pada tahapan pembuatannya meliputi beberapa proses antara lain: proses pengukuran bahan, proses pemotongan, pengeboran, seting dan perakitan/pengelasan. Dari hasil uji dimensi Mesin Pengupas dan Perajang Bawang Merah memiliki presentase kesalahan 0,357%, sedangkan dalam uji fungsi komponen pada rangka mesin mampu menopang beban keseluruhan komponen dan berfungsi dengan bai

SINTESIS SELULOSA ASETAT DARI TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT DAN SIFATNYA SEBAGAI MEMBRAN POLIMER ELEKTROLIT PADA BATERAI ION LITIUM

Biodegradable polymer electrolyte utilization on lithium ion battery is increasingly considered to prevent any waste. This study was conducted to synthesis cellulose acetate from oil palm empty fruit bunch and its properties as polymer electrolyte membranes on lithium ion battery. This study was done by extracting cellulose from oil palm empty fruit bunch. That cellulose was acetylated become cellulose acetate and characterized its functional group. Further, polymer electrolyte was synthesized with composition 25/60/15(%b/b) (SAS/PEO/LiClO4). The properties of polymer electrolyte membranes were characterized by analysis thermal properties, ionic conductivity and mechanical properties. Based on functional group data, synthetic cellulose acetate had similar the main functional group with commercial cellulose acetate. Synthetic cellulose acetate contained 27% acetyl with 1,4 substitution degree. Analysis thermal properties showed that the decomposition of SAS/PEO/LiClO4 polymer electrolyte membranes was started above 260oC.  The ionic conductivity 10,81 x 10-4 S/cm of  these polymer electrolyte membranes was 10,81 x 10-4 S/cm. Analysis of mechanic properties were 0,05 MPa stress, 14,23 MPa elongation and 0,35 MPa Modulus Young. SAS/PEO/LiClO4 polymer electrolyte membranes had higher ionic conductivity than SAK/PEO/LiClO4 polymer electrolyte membranes. However, SAS/PEO/LiClO4 polymer electrolyte membranes had lower thermal and mechanic properties than SAK/PEO/LiClO4 polymer electrolyte membranes. &nbsp

THE PORTRAIT OF RURAL TOURISM MODEL IN THE BAHA TOURISM VILLAGE OF BADUNG DISTRICT

Baha Village designated as tourism village since 1994. However, until now relatively undeveloped as expected. The purpose of this research to determine of tourism existing and the portrait of rural tourism model that took place in Baha Tourism Village. This research used descriptive qualitative method. The informant determined by purposive and utilize qualitative and quantitative data where its sourced from primary data also secondary data. Datas obtained by observation, interviews, and documentation. The research of result was found tourism existing ini Baha Tourism Village in the form of a panoramic expanse of rice fields and visiting to a Balinese traditional house, supported with the adequate accessibility and facilities such as public toilets, wantilan, clean water, electricity and communication networks. Institutional is not yet operational. Baha Tourism Village life cycle stage with the involvement of public attitudes tend to be quiet(Withdrawal). Referring to the existing portrait of rural tourism model at the Baha Tourism Village is a rural tourism model of halffull-passive interaction who initiated by the government and its managed by the individual societies. It can be concluded, Baha Tourism Village has not been categorized as a ideal tourism village

Isolasi Nanokristalin Selulosa Bakterial dari Jus Limbah Kulit Nanas: Optimasi Waktu Hidrolisis

Nanokristalin selulosa (NCC) adalah bionanomaterial yang terbarukan, berkelanjutan, ramah lingkungan, dan potensi penggunaannya sangat luas. Salah satu metode untuk mengisolasi NCC dari selulosa adalah dengan hidrolisis menggunakan asam. Waktu hidrolisis adalah salah satu faktor yang sangat menentukan keberhasilan isolasi NCC disamping konsentrasi asam dan suhu hidrolisis. Penelitian ini difokuskan untuk memperoleh waktu hidrolisis optimum untuk isolasi NCC. Selulosa bakterial (BC), yang disintesis menggunakan media kultur jus limbah kulit nanas, digunakan sebagai sumber selulosa yang murah dan ramah lingkungan. Optimasi waku hidrolisis dikarakterisasi dengan stabilitas dispersi, %-hasil, dan diameter partikel rata-rata yang diukur menggunakan Particle Size Analyzer (PSA). Waktu optimum hidrolisis yang memberikan dispersi stabil dengan %-hasil terbanyak (62%) dan ukuran partikel terkecil (diameter rata-rata 41,6 nm) adalah 25 menit pada suhu dan konsentrasi asam tertentu. Analisis FTIR memperlihatkan spektrum NCC mirip dengan BC-asal dengan puncak-puncak serapan khas untuk selulosa. Sedikit pergeseran terjadi pada puncak sekitar 2900 cm−1 dan 1430 cm−1 yang disebabkan oleh adanya peningkatan derajat kristalinitas, hal ini menunjukkan pula bahwa BC telah berubah menjadi NCC. Pengamatan dengan Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) terhadap NCC memperlihatkan morfologi yang berbentuk jarum.

Preparation and Characterization of Biopolymer Electrolyte Membranes Based on LiClO4-Complexed Methyl Cellulose as Lithium-ion Battery Separator

The polymer electrolyte membrane is a main component of lithium-ion batteries (LiBs), serving as separator and electrolyte. In this work, we prepared biopolymer electrolyte (BPE) membranes of lithium perchlorate (LiClO4)-complexed methyl cellulose (MC). Methyl cellulose (MC), a cellulose derivative, has attractive properties for use as biopolymer electrolyte. The bulkier anion size of lithium salt (LiClO4) significantly enhances the performance of biopolymer electrolyte (BPE) membranes. The fabricated biopolymer electrolyte (BPE) membranes were characterized by FTIR, EIS, tensile tester, XRD and TGA. Biopolymer electrolyte membranes with various weight percentages of LiClO4 salt (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) were prepared using a simple solution casting technique. Incorporation of 10% weight of LiClO4 into the MC-based host polymer was selected as optimum condition, because this yielded good conductivity (3.66 x 10-5 S cm-1), good mechanical properties (tensile strength 35.97 MPa and elongation at break 14.47%), good thermal stability (208.4 to 338.2 °C) as well as ease of preparation and low cost of production. Based on its characteristics it can be stated that the 10% LiClO4-complexed MC membrane meets the requirements as a candidate separator for lithium-ion battery application

Green Synthesis of [EMIm]Ac Ionic Liquid for Plasticizing MC-based Biopolymer Electrolyte Membranes

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are favorable power source devices at the last two decades, owing to high energy density, rechargeable, long life cycle, portable, safe, rechargeable, good performance and friendly environment. To support their development, in this research has been successfully prepared polymer electrolyte membrane, a main component of LIBs, based on 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIm]Ac) ionic liquid-plasticized methyl cellulose/lithium perchlorate (MC/LiClO4). [EMIm]Ac ionic  liquid was easy synthesized by metathesis reaction between 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([EMIm]Br) ionic liquid and potassium acetate (CH3COOK) at ambient temperature, for 1 hour. [EMIm]Ac ionic liquid was functional groups analyzed with Fourier Transform Infra-red (FT-IR) and structural analyzed with 1H-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and 13C-NMR. [EMIm]Ac ionic liquid-plasticized MC/LiClO4 biopolymer electrolyte membrane was prepared by casting solution, with [EMIm]Ac ionic liquid content, 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30% (w/w). Effect of 15% (w/w) [EMIm]Ac ionic liquid incorporation to MC/LiClO4 showed the best condition and selected as the optimum condition with conductivity, tensile strength, elongation break, and thermal stability of 9.160×10-3 S.cm-1, 24.19 MPa, 36.43%, ~256 and ~370 ºC, respectively. These results confirm that [EMIm]Ac ionic liquid can plasticize biopolymer electrolyte membranes of MC/LiClO4 to be appealing performances to fulfill the LIB’s separator requirement. Copyright © 2019 BCREC Group. All rights reserved

Structure and Properties of Polymers Prepared by Polymerization of 2,2-Dimethyl-1,3-Propandiol and ε-Caprolactone Monomer

Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) is very attractive synthetic polymer due to its properties, such as a high permeability, the lack of toxicity, and also biodegradability. However, it has limited application because of low melting point (60 °C), high crystallinity, and brittleness. The aim of the experiments is designed to improve the properties of PCL by formation of their polymers with 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propandiol monomers with various chain length as a raw material to prepare poly(urethane-ester). These polymers were synthesized by a ring-opening polymerization of 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propandiol and ε-caprolactone monomers in various composition in the presence of 1-hydroxy-3-chloro-tetraisobuthyldistanoxane as a catalyst. Polymers were characterized by analysis of functional groups (FTIR), microstructure (1H and 13C NMR), viscosity, hydroxyl number, and also melting point of polymers (DSC). Based on the structure analysis indicate that polymerization of 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propandiol and ε-caprolactone monomers produced polymers with various molecular weights, which depend on the ratio of ε-caprolactone / 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propandiol used in polymerization. The reactivity of CL monomer decreases to the active site of polymers with longer chain size. The melting points of polymers increase with the increasing of ε-caprolactone composition used in polymerization, whereas hydroxyl number decreases

Structure and Thermal Property of Poly(R,S)-B-Hydroxybutyrate Synthesized by Aluminoxane Catalyst.

Abstract. Poly(R,S)-B-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) was synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of racemic (R,S)-B-butyrolactone using tetraisobutyldialuminoxane (TIBAO) as catalyst. In previous studies, some factors or polymerization conditions such as polymerization suhue, polymerization time, nature of solvent, catalyst concentration, and modification of the catalyst system by water addition were varied to obtain optimal polymerization-results based on yield and molecular weight of polymers obtained. This study was emphasized on characterization of polymer by 13C NMR spectroscopy and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) to obtain informations about chemical structure and thermal properties of polymer obtained using tetraisobutyldialuminoxane catalyst. These analyses showed that tetraisobutyldialuminoxane catalyst produced partially stereoregular polymer depending on the quantity of water added to TIBAO catalyst. Extraction of polymer with acetyl-acetone (AcAc) or acetone separated the polymer into a soluble atactic fraction with amorphous structure and an insoluble isotactic fraction with crystalline structure. Addition of a certain quantity of water to the catalyst and treatment of polymer by solvent extraction have resulted in an increase in stereoregularity and crystallinity of polymer