CHARACTERISATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON FROM WHITE SNAPPER SCALES (Lates calcarife) WASTE

ABSTRACT               Research on the characterisation of activated carbon of white snapper (Lates calcarifer) scales waste, obtained through carbonisation process, fish scales were put in a furnace at 350 oC for 2 hours. Then cooled and sieved with a 100 mesh sieve, characterised by XRD, resulting in three peaks with the strongest intensity at 2θ regions of 26.45o, 32.69o, and 33.60o respectively. The surface acidity of carbon solids before and after activation were (4.48x10-3 and 7.77x10-3) mol/g, respectively. The activation process of white snapper scales (Lates calcarifer), increases the surface area of carbon can react with other chemicals. Subsequently, it was calcined at 450 oC under vacuum conditions for 2 hours with N2 gas, and characterised by XRD. The results showed a shift in 2θ peaks of 26.52o, 29.66o, and 32.77o, respectively. The carbon was activated by soaking with 3 M KOH activator for 15 hours, washed with distilled water, and dried in an oven at 110°C for 1 hour, characterised by XRD, and the peaks with the strongest intensity were obtained at 26.22°C, 29.12°C, and 32.43°C, with increasing basal spacing.   Keywords: activated carbon, white snapper scales, XR

Synthesis and Characterization of Copper(II) Oxide (CuO-NP) Nanoparticles using Chemical Precipitation Method

This study aims to optimize the calcination temperature and see the effect of adding surfactant on the bandgap, particle size, crystallinity level of CuO nanoparticles (CuO-NP), and the activity of CuO nanoparticles as an antibacterial agent. CuO-NP was successfully synthesized using the chemical precipitation method with variations in calcination temperature of 400, 600, and 800 °C with NaOH as a precipitating agent. The synthesized nanoparticles were further characterized using a UV-Vis, XRD, and SEM-EDX spectrophotometer. The value of the CuO-NP bandgap increases with increasing temperature. The bandgap gets bigger when the absorbance value gets smaller. Increasing the calcination temperature causes the crystal size of CuO-NP to become larger. The best level of crystallinity of CuO-NP was obtained at 68,31% with a calcination temperature of 600 °C. Adding 1% PVP did not significantly prevent agglomeration between CuO-NP particles, thereby increasing the size of CuO-NP particles. Keywords: bandgap, CuO-NP, PVP, temperatur

VERIFIKASI METODE PENENTUAN SULFUR DIOKSIDA (SO2) PADA SAMPEL UDARA AMBIEN DENGAN METODE PARAROSANILIN MENGGUNAKAN SPEKTROFOTOMETER UV-VISIBELE

The research about verification method on determination of sulfur dioxide (SO2) on ambient air samples with the pararosaniline method using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer has been done. To obtain a valid measuring result, some important parameters of measurement on sulfur dioxide (SO2) in ambient air samples based on SNI 7119-7:2017. The results showed that the linearity of the measurement was very good as indicated by the correlation coefficient value was 0.9998. The limit of detection and limit of quantization was 2.7766 g/Nm3 and 7.4111 g/Nm3 respectively. The value of precision was good shown by %RSD < 2/3 CV Horwitz, and the accuracy of this method was good shown by a recovery percentage of 101.12%. Based on the results of this research, the pararosanilin method can be used to analyze sulfur dioxide (SO2) in ambient air samples with good results. &nbsp

EKSTRAKSI ION Cd2+ DENGAN DITIZON SEBAGAI ZAT PEMBAWA DAN SPAN-80 SEBAGAI SURFAKTAN MENGGUNAKAN TEKNIK EMULSI MEMBRAN CAIR

Penelitian tentang ekstraksi ion logam kadmium Cd2+ dengan teknik emulsi membran cair telah dilakukan. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara eksperimental di laboratorium menggunakan ditizon sebagai zat pembawa, span-80 sebagai surfaktan, parafin cair sebagai fase membran, larutan HNO3 sebagai fase internal dan larutan kadmium 20 ppm sebagai larutan sampel. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan kondisi optimum ion logam Cd2+ yang meliputi pH fase eksternal, konsentrasi fase internal, konsentrasi surfaktan, waktu ekstraksi konsentrasi ion logam Cd2+ yang dapat diekstraksi menggunakan teknik emulsi membran cair. Penentuan konsentrasi sisa ion logam kadmium hasil ekstraksi menggunakan alat Spektrofotometer UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang 518 nm. Kondisi optimum untuk mengekstraksi ion logam Cd2+ menggunakan teknik emulsi membran cair pada penelitian ini adalah pH fase eksternal 7, konsentrasi fase internal 1 M, konsentrasi surfaktan 3,5% dan waktu ekstraksi 15 menit. Pada kondisi optimum tersebut konsentrasi ion logam kadmium yang dapat diekstraksi mencapai 100 ppm dengan nilai persen ekstraksi 77,574%

MINYAK ATSIRI DAUN SIRIH HIJAU (PIPER BETLE L.) DAN DAUN SIRIH MERAH (PIPER CROCATUM RULZ AND PAV) : TINJAUAN KOMPREHENSIF TENTANG KOMPONEN, STRUKTUR KOMPONEN, HIBRIDISASI, ADISI, AKTIVITAS BIOLOGIS DAN MANFAATNYA

Essential oil is an aroma-giving liquid that comes from plant parts such as roots, stem bark, fruit, leaves, seeds, flowers or other parts taken through distillation methods and extraction methods using organic solvents or pressed and enzymatically. Essential oils in each plant have different components and characteristics. One of the plants that can be utilized and has essential oil content is green betel leaves (Piper betle L.) and red betel leaves (Piper crocatum Ruiz and Pav). Several studies have been conducted to identify the content of betel leaves. The largest content present in green betel leaves is limonene, while the largest content of red betel leaves is sabinena which has a special structure. These red and green betel leaves, have many characteristics, and benefits. The method used in this writing uses a descriptive literature review, with the aim of this study is to compile a comprehensive literature analysis of the components, structure, hybridization, isomerization, addition reactions and biological activity of betel leaves covering some information based on the results of literature studies

Effect of Eggshell Ca-Alginate on pH, TSS, and TDS of Peat Water

Air gambut memiliki pH rendah, kandungan logam berat yang tinggi, TSS dan TDS yang tinggi sehingga memerlukan pengolahan sebelum digunakan sebagai sumber air untuk budidaya perikanan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh cangkang telur, Ca-alginat, dan Ca-alginat cangkang telur terhadap pH, TSS, serta TDS air gambut. Cangkang telur ayam diketahui mengandung CaCO3 yang bisa digunakan untuk pengolahan air gambut. Namun, penggunaan serbuk cangkang telur memiliki keterbatasan dalam memisahkan adsorben dan adsorbatnya jika digunakan sebagai adsorben. Enkapsulasi cangkang telur menggunakan Ca-alginat dapat mengatasi keterbatasan tersebut. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode adsorpsi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan pH air gambut dari 4,3 menjadi 6,5, 6,7, dan 6,6 masing-masing untuk adsorben cangkang telur, Ca-alginat, dan Ca-alginat cangkang telur. TSS pada air gambut juga mengalami peningkatan dari 20,5 mg/L menjadi 39 mg/L, 34,5 mg/L, dan 32 mg/L masing-masing untuk adsorben cangkang telur, Ca-alginat, dan Ca-alginat cangkang telur. Peningkatan juga terjadi pada TDS air gambut dari 36,5 mg/L menjadi 94 mg/L, 45 mg/L, dan 42 mg/L masing-masing untuk adsorben cangkang telur, Ca-alginat, dan Ca-alginat cangkang telur. Penggunaan adsorben Ca-alginat cangkang telur meningkatkan nilai pH, TSS, dan TDS air gambut yang masih sesuai dengan baku mutu air kelas tiga berdasarkan PP RI Nomor 22 Tahun 2021

ANALISIS KADAR NITROGEN (N) TOTAL DAN BESI (Fe) PADA PENAMBAHAN BIOAKTIVATOR EM4 TERHADAP KOMPOS (SAMPAH KACANG PANJANG-KULIT KACANG KEDELAI)

Pengomposan merupakan proses penguraian bahan organik sampah dibawah kondisi-kondisi terkontrol oleh adanya aktivitas mikroorganisme pengurai. Proses pengomposan dilakukan dengan penambahan Effective microorgarnism 4 (EM4). Tahapan penelitian meliputi uji pengaruh waktu pengomposan terhadap suhu dan pH; penentuan variasi optimum bioaktivator EM4 terhadap kadar N-Total dan Fe serta waktu optimum pengomposan berdasarkan kondisi suhu, pH dan warna. Variasi optimum EM4 berdasarkan kadar N-Total pada variasi tanpa penambahan EM4 sebesar 0,4731% dan berdasarkan kadar Fe pada variasi EM4 20 mL sebesar 0,805%. Waktu optimum pengomposan berada pada hari ke-16 dengan pH 7,19-7,50; suhu sebesar 27-28,3°C dan memiliki warna hitam. &nbsp

Active Compounds of Sembung Leaves (Blumea balsamifera DC) in Silico Screening as Antihypertensives

Hypertension is a structural or functional change in the arteries or the organs it supplies caused by increased blood pressure. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) can increase blood pressure by converting inactive angiotensin I to active (angiotensin II). Captopril is a hypertension drug that can inhibit ACE activity. Sembung leaf (Blumea balsamifera DC) is a plant that can potentially have antihypertensive activity. This study aims to identify the interaction of active compounds in sembung leaves against ACE as antihypertensive drug candidates through an in silico test based on pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic parameters using two docking software, Autodock Vina and PyRx. The results showed that Luteolin was the best test ligand besides having lower ΔG and Ki than control ligands and higher Kd than control ligands.  Luteolin was identified to interact with Zn and hydrogen bond interactions at the active site and met the criteria in Lipinski analysis, ADME, and toxicity, so this compound is relatively safe to be used as a drug candidate for the treatment of hypertension

SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF CHLORAMPENICOL IN TIGER PRAWNS (PENAEUS MONODON) BASED ON THE DIAZOTATION REACTION

Spectrophotometric analysis of chloramphenicol in tiger prawns (Penaeus Monodon) based on the diazotation reaction has been carried out. Sulfanilamide is used as a source of diazo salt to be coupled with chloramphenicol. In this study, several optimizations were carried out such as optimization of temperature, volume of HCl, volume of NaNO2, volume of sulfanilamide and contact time. Diazonium salt coupled with sulfanilamide produces a clear  yellow compound with a maximum wavelength of 400.941 nm. The results of the analysis chloramphenicol on tiger shrimp, obtained the coefficient of variation  were 4.026 %; 1.951 %; and 4.277 %.. Accuracy ranges from 99.7143% to 100.8730%. The Limit of Detection value is 6.24 mg/mL and the Limit of Quantization value was 20.803 mg/mL. The sensitivity value is 0.0021 mL /mg

Adsorption Of Methylene Blue Using Active Charcoal From Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB)

Research on the adsorption of methylene blue by activated charcoal from Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) has been carried out. This study aimed to synthesize activated charcoal from EFB, characterize it, and use it as an adsorbent for methylene blue. Activated charcoal was synthesized by carbonation in a furnace at 300oC for 1 hour. Chemically, activation was carried out by immersion in HCl solution for 24 hours. Characterization was carried out by proximate test, determination of functional groups using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), and determining material shape with X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The study of activated charcoal adsorption as methylene blue adsorbent was carried out by treating variations in contact time, adsorbent weight, and concentration. The results of the proximate test with the parameters of surface area, moisture content, and ash content were 162.12 m2/g, 0.52%, and 5.27%, respectively. The results of the FT-IR characterization test showed an aromatic C–H, C=C and C–O. Based on the results of characterization with XRD giving a pattern at a diffraction angle of 2 20 - 30o, it was seen that there was a wide peak, which indicated that it had an amorphous structure. The optimum conditions for methylene blue adsorption occurred at a contact time of 40 minutes, and the adsorbent weight was 0.1 g for 10 mL of 50 ppm methylene blue. The adsorption of methylene blue followed the Freundlich isotherm adsorption pattern and had a maximum adsorption capacity of 8.92 mg/g