Microbial production of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) utilizing fruit waste as a substrate

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are polyesters of hydroxyalkanoates synthesized by various bacteria as intracellular carbon and energy storage compounds and accumulated as granules in the cytoplasm of cells. PHA producing bacteria from soil were isolated, characterized and screened by Nile blue staining method. Screened organisms were subjected to  fermentation with glucose as carbon source and low-cost raw material like jambul seed (Syzygium cumini). The strain SPY-1 showed higher amount of PHA accumulation when compared to the other strains and was comparable with that of the reference strain Ralstonia eutropha. The extracted PHA granules were analyzed with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and the peak was in the regions of 1650.9, 1728-1288 and 1725-1277, correspond to the stretching of the C=O bond which was similar to the standard Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB)

Generating qudits with d=3,4 encoded on two-photon states

We present an experimental method to engineer arbitrary pure states of qudits with d=3,4 using linear optics and a single nonlinear crystal.Comment: 4 pages, 1 eps figure. Minor changes. The title has been changed for publication on Physical Review

In – vitro anti tubercular activity of flowers of Couroupita guanensis L

Modern civilization is facing hundreds of disorders associated with microorganisms. The natural phytochemicals from non-edible plants are gaining importance to fight against these disease The intention of this study is to evaluate the ethanol and dichloromethane extracts of flower of Couroupita guianensis (Lecithydaceae) for anti-tubercular activity. The anti-tubercular activity of all the extracts of Couroupita guianensishave been evaluated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H73Rv strain using Microplate Alamar Blue Assay (MABA). The activity was documented within MIC range of 0.8 to 100μg/ml. The results of MABA showed that both ethanol and dichloromethane extract exhibited significant anti-tubercular activity. The present investigation suggests that Couroupita guianensis possess remarkable anti-tubercular activit

A Feasibility Study on Using Gfrp Composites Bar in Rc Flexural Member

Steel reinforcements are commonly used for Reinforced Concrete (RC) beams all around the world to take flexural tension. But, the durability of the structure is reduced due to reinforcement steel corrosion. Avoiding reinforcement corrosion and finding alternative material to take flexural tension is the contemporary research work in the field of structural engineering. In the present study, RC beams are reinforced with Glass Fibre Reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites bar at tension zone and flexural test was carried out to determine the bending moment resistance of the beam. GFRP bars were prepared in the industry with the help of pultruded U-section box formwork. GFRP bars were coated with sand using epoxy resin to increase the bond between bars and the RC beam. Three GFRP reinforced concrete beam specimens of size 700 mm × 200 mm × 200 mm were prepared. Also, same size of normal steel reinforced cement concrete beam member was prepared. After 28 days curing, three point bending test was carried out for all the four beams. Flexural capacity of beams with GFRP bars were compared with RC beam with steel bars. The results revealed that the flexural capacity of RC beams with GFRP bars is more than that of RC beam with steel bars. Also, theoretical analysis was carried out to determine the flexural strength of RC beam with steel and GFRP bars and compared with experimental results

Qubits in phase space: Wigner function approach to quantum error correction and the mean king problem

We analyze and further develop a new method to represent the quantum state of a system of $n$ qubits in a phase space grid of $N\times N$ points (where $N=2^n$). The method, which was recently proposed by Wootters and co--workers (Gibbons {\it et al.}, quant-ph/0401155), is based on the use of the elements of the finite field $GF(2^n)$ to label the phase space axes. We present a self--contained overview of the method, we give new insights on some of its features and we apply it to investigate problems which are of interest for quantum information theory: We analyze the phase space representation of stabilizer states and quantum error correction codes and present a phase space solution to the so--called ``mean king problem''.Comment: 18 pages, 16 figures; typos fixed, some minor corrections, figures of the circuits were change

Anti asthmatic effect of Momordica Charantia and its comparison with montelukast an in vitro and in vivo model

Background: Momordica charantia (MC) (bitter gourd) have shown the inhibition of NF-κβ and Leukotrienes expression in many inflammatory pathological conditions. Based on ist anti-inflammatory action this study aimed to Identify MC fruit dry powder (MCp) and MC fresh juice (MCj) action on airway inflammation in Guinea Pig model and also to find out the presence of alkaloids and flavonoides.Methods: 18 adult Guinea pigs of both sexes (excluding mating animals) were randomly divided into three groups with six animals in each namely Montelukast, MCj and MCp groups respectively. They were given with OD oral administration of concerned drugs for 1 -7 days. 6 control animals were exposed to 2% histamine aerosol for 120 seconds using histamine chamber prior to treatment with Montelukast, MCj and MCp to observe the normal Pre-Convulsive Dyspnea (PCD) in seconds. After six hours of daily OD oral dose of test drugs administration, all the groups’ were exposed to 2% Histamine aerosol one by one for 120 sec on day1 & 7 to observe PCD. The MCj and MCp were also tested with chemical assay, TLC to confirm the presence of alkaloids, flavonoides.Results: ON DAY 1 and 7: MCj and MCp showed significant decrease in PCD occurrence and it is statistically significant compared to the control. PCD blocking action of MCj group was effective in DAY 1. TLC and Chemical Assay were not supportive for bronchodilator action.Conclusions: MCj and MCp have promising preventive role in asthma. This study had expressed the positive protective role of Momordica charantia in asthmatic condition based on its known anti-inflammatory action.

Design Of High Competent Meter Of Controlling Electrical Applications And Habitual Bill Generation System

In this paper Wireless Sensing unit Residence Location Network (WSHAN) with IOT interfaced reasonable meter is created in addition to carry out. As a result of the boosting demands on electric power, normal electric grid needs to be altered with smart, durable, qualified in addition to also pricey dependable practical grid applications. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) has an essential obligation to establish trustworthy in addition to costly efficient smart electric power grid applications. Our system develops power usage logs information real-time along with in addition reveals time of use well worth's. The system additionally deals with any type of type of sort of tool affixed to power outcome. While powering on along with off, zero-cross of Ac system signal is located to identify phase modification. The smart meter uses ideal power usage along with transfer's information with WIFI to COMPUTER SYSTEM (Personal Computer). The private checks the power information along with additionally from another area manages the system

Quantum entanglement: The unitary 8-vertex braid matrix with imaginary rapidity

We study quantum entanglements induced on product states by the action of 8-vertex braid matrices, rendered unitary with purely imaginary spectral parameters (rapidity). The unitarity is displayed via the "canonical factorization" of the coefficients of the projectors spanning the basis. This adds one more new facet to the famous and fascinating features of the 8-vertex model. The double periodicity and the analytic properties of the elliptic functions involved lead to a rich structure of the 3-tangle quantifying the entanglement. We thus explore the complex relationship between topological and quantum entanglement.Comment: 4 pages in REVTeX format, 2 figure

Native multi-trait rhizobacteria promote growth and suppress foot rot in black pepper

In this study, 74 PGPR isolates from different varieties of black pepper were characterized for morphological, biochemical and nutrient mobilization traits as well as inhibition of Phytophthora capsici (causing foot rot) under in vitro conditions. Based on the multiple traits, two PGPR [(Micrococcus luteus Schroeter (1872) Cohn 1872 (BRB3) and Enterobacter aerogenes Hormaeche and Edwards 1960 (AL) (BRB13)] were shortlisted for further growth promotion studies. For biocontrol studies, three PGPR [(Burkholderia cepacia (Palleroni & Holmes 1981) Yabuuchi et al. (1993) (BRB21), Pseudomonas aeruginosa Schröter (1872) Migula 1900 (BRB28) and Serratia marcescens Bizio 1823 (AL) (BRB49)] which showed >70% inhibition of P. capsici were shortlisted. The results from green house study on growth promotion indicated that application of M. luteus (BRB3) + 75% recommended dose (RD) of N + 100% RD of PK produced taller plants, longer roots, greater fresh biomass, more number of leaves and nodes in black pepper. This suggested a 25% reduction in chemical N fertilizer in the presence of M. luteus (BRB3). In the green house study on biocontrol, lowest foot rot (32.77%) and taller plants (332.0 cm) were observed with B. cepacia (BRB 21), which was on par with chemical treatment. This is the first report on the potential of PGPR like M. luteus for growth promotion and B. cepacia for management of P. capsici in black pepper. &nbsp

Negative Emission Power Plants:Thermodynamic Modeling and Evaluation of a Biomass-Based Integrated Gasification Solid Oxide Fuel Cell/Gas Turbine System for Power, Heat, and Biochar Co-Production—Part 1

This article is the first of a two-part series presenting the thermodynamic evaluation and techno-economics of developing negative-emission power plants. The aim of this research is to evaluate the potential of biochar co-production in negative-emission power plants based on biomass-fed integrated gasification solid oxide fuel cell systems with carbon capture and storage (BIGFC/CCS) units. The influence of two gasification agents, namely, air and steam-oxygen, on the proposed system is investigated. In Part I, we present the thermodynamic models. A sensitivity analysis is carried out to investigate the system response to stepwise increase in biochar co-production (up to 10% by weight). Providing a secondary oxy-combustor in the steam-oxygen gasification case has been shown to be a solution to meet the heat requirements of the allothermal gasification process. A comprehensive exergy analysis indicated significant efficiency improvement for the steam-oxygen gasification case. The results show that the biomass steam-oxygen gasification yields the higher electrical exergy efficiency (48.3%) and combined heat and power (CHP) exergy efficiency (54.6%) for the similar rates of biochar co-production. The specific power output per unit of CO2 stored is 2.65 MW/(kg/s) and 3.58 MW/(kg/s) for the air and steam-oxygen gasification cases, respectively, when the biochar is co-produced at 10% by weight for the given biomass flow of 20 kg/s. Moreover, the total CO2 stored due to the proposed system is calculated as 133.9 t/h, and it is estimated to remove 1.17 Mt of CO2 from the atmosphere annually (when the biochar-based carbon storage is also considered). The models are used for the techno-economic analysis presented in Part II of the series