Análisis contrastivo inglés-español de los manuales de instrucciones de electrodomésticos = English-Spanish contrastive analysis of instruction manuals for household appliances

544 p.¿Por qué detestamos el manual de instrucciones de un aparato electrodoméstico y nos aventuramos a manejarlo sin leerlo, pero lo buscamos desesperadamente cuando parpadea una luz de manera insistente y no sabemos la razón? ¿Por qué lo reconocemos y no lo confundimos con un catálogo de electrodomésticos o un recetario? Existen puntos en común, pero sabemos que ahí no vamos a encontrar la información sobre cómo manejarlo. En primer lugar, no lo confundimos por la manera que tenemos de obtenerlo. El manual de instrucciones se incluye de manera obligatoria con el electrodoméstico al que acompaña. Y, en segundo lugar, porque somos capaces de reconocerlo, aunque no seamos capaces de producirlo. Intervienen por tanto factores externos a la lengua además de lingüísticos. ¿Y qué hace que tenga la forma que tiene? Esta pregunta planteada por Bhatia (1993, 2004) es la que hemos intentado responder a lo largo de este trabajo de investigación; además existen también motivos asociados con el avance en el conocimiento, como la de entender y profundizar en el estudio de un género muy determinado, el GI de los manuales de electrodomésticos. Este estudio se hace desde la perspectiva de dos lenguas, inglés y español, lo que nos permite realizar un análisis contrastivo lingüístico tanto de la macro como de la microestructura, lo que Bustos Gisbert (2013) denomina la arquitextura del texto. El objetivo final de este análisis pormenorizado es el de aplicar los resultados a la construcción de una herramienta lingüística innovadora: el generador de textos. Este generador de manuales de instrucciones está integrado en el proyecto de investigación ACTRES, compuesto por investigadores de diferentes ramas del conocimiento como la lingüística, la estadística y la ingeniería informática. ACTRES busca la innovación en el campo de las herramientas lingüísticas TIC que se construyen a partir de los resultados de profundos estudios de corpus lingüísticos. Además de estos motivos, existe también una motivación personal en el desarrollo de esta tesis. Por un lado, está mi experiencia como docente de inglés para fines específicos, por la cual me interesa la profundización en un campo específico como la escritura de segundas lenguas dentro del lenguaje de especialidad. Y por otro, está el interés por avanzar en mi carrera profesional, donde ya cuento con una sólida experiencia en la edición de materiales para la enseñanza. Metodología mixta: cuantitativa y cualitativa La lingüística es esencialmente una ciencia social (Enkvist et al. 1964, Stubbs 1993) y una ciencia aplicada (Stubbs 1993). Las metodologías a seguir en estas investigaciones son tres: (a) la metodología cuantitativa centrada en análisis numéricos; (b) la cualitativa, centrada en el análisis de datos narrativos; y (c) la mixta, que combina datos de ambos tipos (Teddlie y Tashakkori 2003)

Graph based study of allergen cross-reactivity of plant lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) using microarray in a multicenter study.

The study of cross-reactivity in allergy is key to both understanding. the allergic response of many patients and providing them with a rational treatment In the present study, protein microarrays and a co-sensitization graph approach were used in conjunction with an allergen microarray immunoassay. This enabled us to include a wide number of proteins and a large number of patients, and to study sensitization profiles among members of the LTP family. Fourteen LTPs from the most frequent plant food-induced allergies in the geographical area studied were printed into a microarray specifically designed for this research. 212 patients with fruit allergy and 117 food-tolerant pollen allergic subjects were recruited from seven regions of Spain with different pollen profiles, and their sera were tested with allergen microarray. This approach has proven itself to be a good tool to study cross-reactivity between members of LTP family, and could become a useful strategy to analyze other families of allergens

Prediction of poor outcome in clostridioides difficile infection: A multicentre external validation of the toxin B amplification cycle

Producción CientíficaClassification of patients according to their risk of poor outcomes in Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) would enable implementation of costly new treatment options in a subset of patients at higher risk of poor outcome. In a previous study, we found that low toxin B amplification cycle thresholds (Ct) were independently associated with poor outcome CDI. Our objective was to perform a multicentre external validation of a PCR-toxin B Ct as a marker of poor outcome CDI. We carried out a multicentre study (14 hospitals) in which the characteristics and outcome of patients with CDI were evaluated. A subanalysis of the results of the amplification curve of real-time PCR gene toxin B (XpertTM C. difficile) was performed. A total of 223 patients were included. The median age was 73.0 years, 50.2% were female, and the median Charlson index was 3.0. The comparison of poor outcome and non–poor outcome CDI episodes revealed, respectively, the following results: median age (years), 77.0 vs 72.0 (p = 0.009); patients from nursing homes, 24.4% vs 10.8% (p = 0.039); median leukocytes (cells/μl), 10,740.0 vs 8795.0 (p = 0.026); and median PCR-toxin B Ct, 23.3 vs 25.4 (p = 0.004). Multivariate analysis showed that a PCR-toxin B Ct cut-off <23.5 was significantly and independently associated with poor outcome CDI (p = 0.002; OR, 3.371; 95%CI, 1.565–7.264). This variable correctly classified 68.5% of patients. The use of this microbiological marker could facilitate early selection of patients who are at higher risk of poor outcome and are more likely to benefit from newer and more costly therapeutic options

Graph based study of allergen cross-reactivity of plant lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) using microarray in a multicenter study.

The study of cross-reactivity in allergy is key to both understanding. the allergic response of many patients and providing them with a rational treatment In the present study, protein microarrays and a co-sensitization graph approach were used in conjunction with an allergen microarray immunoassay. This enabled us to include a wide number of proteins and a large number of patients, and to study sensitization profiles among members of the LTP family. Fourteen LTPs from the most frequent plant food-induced allergies in the geographical area studied were printed into a microarray specifically designed for this research. 212 patients with fruit allergy and 117 food-tolerant pollen allergic subjects were recruited from seven regions of Spain with different pollen profiles, and their sera were tested with allergen microarray. This approach has proven itself to be a good tool to study cross-reactivity between members of LTP family, and could become a useful strategy to analyze other families of allergens

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Corpus-based rhetorical analysis of the sub-genre of instruction manuals for household appliances

My aim in this paper is to describe the rhetorical structure of the sub-genre of Instruction Manuals for household appliances in British English (BE) and Peninsular Spanish (PS). This study is based on the concept of genre, and it consists of a move analysis of an ad hoc specialised corpus. The analysis has two discrete parts: a qualitative analysis to establish the structure of this sub-genre; and a quantitative one, to identify the presence of each feature in order to determine the prototypical structure of this sub-genre. Finally, some possible implications of these findings are presentedEl propósito de este artículo es la descripción de la estructura retórica del subgénero de los manuales de instrucciones de aparatos electrodomésticos en inglés británico y en español peninsular. Este estudio se basa en el concepto de género y consiste en un análisis de movimientos de un corpus ad hoc especializado. El análisis tiene dos partes diferenciadas: un análisis cualitativo, donde se establece la estructura de este subgénero; y otro cuantitativo, en el que se identifican las diferentes características con el fin de determinar la estructura prototípica de este subgénero. Por último, se presentan algunas posibles implicaciones de los resultado

Initial experience with bioresorbable vascular scaffolds for percutaneous revascularisation in patients with acute coronary syndrome

Aim: Bioresorbable vascular scaffolds (BVS) have recently been introduced to minimise the long-term complications of metallic stents in acute coronary syndrome (ACS), but their benefits have not been well analysed.Methods: The authors studied all ACS patients treated with any kind of stent at a single centre between March 2013 (when the first BVS was implanted) and June 2016.Results: The study included 951 subjects, mean age 67.9 ± 13.3 years, mean Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score 148.5 ± 44.8, 75.2% men and 38.2% with an ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. The mean number of stents implanted was 1.3 ± 1.0 and 54 subjects (5.7%) received at least 1 BVS. Drug-eluting stents were implanted in 57.3% subjects, followed by bare-metal stents (19.0%). The subjects treated with BVS were younger and had lower GRACE scores compared to the rest. In-hospital mortality was 4.8% and no subject treated with BVS died before discharge. BVS-treated patients received dual antiplatelet therapy or new antiplatelet agents more frequently. During a median follow-up of 13 months, all-cause mortality was 7.8%, cardiovascular mortality was 6.1%, and at least 1 major cardiovascular event occurred in 26.4% of the subjects. Stent type did not affect prognosis.Conclusion: Coronary revascularisation using BVS in selected ACS patients is safe and effective