CORANTES NATURAIS: IMPORTÂNCIA E FONTES DE OBTENÇÃO

Colorings play an important role in foods as they are a parameter of consumer attractiveness. ANVISA considers colorant as the substance or mixture of substances that have the property of conferring or intensifying the color of food and drink, in addition to having oxidizing power. In food production there are two classes of colorants, artificial and natural. Artificial dyes are those that are obtained by chemical synthesis and natural ones are obtained from natural matrices, such as vegetables. Indigo blue, purple and red tones were the most prominent dyes in history where they were used in fabrics, body paintings, houses and objects, in rock art, to dye hair, these were extracted from animals, fruits, flowers, bark and plant roots. Among the main natural food colors stand out annatto, cochineal carmine, anthocyanins, betalains and curcumin. The main extraction methods found were maceration extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, enzymatic extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, subcritical water extraction, pulsed electric field extraction, microwave assisted extraction, controlled instantaneous pressure drop extraction and ultrasound-assisted extraction.Los colorantes juegan un papel importante en los alimentos ya que es un parámetro de atractivo para el consumidor. ANVISA considera el colorante como la sustancia o mezcla de sustancias que tienen la propiedad de conferir o intensificar el color de alimentos y bebidas, además de presentar poder oxidante. En la producción de alimentos hay dos clases de colorantes, artificiales y naturales. Los colorantes artificiales son aquellos que se obtienen por síntesis química y los naturales se obtienen a partir de matrices naturales como los vegetales. El azul índigo, el púrpura y los tonos de rojo fueron los tintes más destacados de la historia donde se utilizaron en telas, pinturas corporales, casas y objetos, en artes rupestres, para teñir el cabello, estos fueron extraídos de animales, frutas, flores, cortezas y raíces de plantas. Entre los principales colorantes alimentarios naturales se encuentran el achiotelo, el carmín de cochinilla, las antocianinas, las betalaínas y la curcumina. Los principales métodos de extracción encontrados fueron la extracción por maceración, la extracción de fluidos supercríticos, la extracción enzimática, la extracción de líquidos presurizados, la extracción de agua subcrítica, la extracción de campo eléctrico pulsado, la extracción asistida por microondas, la extracción de caída de presión instantánea controlada y la extracción asistida por ultrasonido.Os corantes desempenham um papel importante nos alimentos visto que é um parâmetro de atratividade para o consumidor. A ANVISA considera corante como a substância ou a mistura de substâncias que possuem a propriedade de conferir ou intensificar a coloração de alimento e bebida, além de apresentar poder oxidante. Na produção de alimentos existem duas classes de corantes, os artificiais e os naturais. Os corantes artificiais são aqueles que são obtidos por síntese química e os naturais são obtidos de matrizes naturais, como vegetais. O azul índigo, a púrpura e os tons de vermelho foram os corantes de maior destaque na história onde eram utilizados em tecidos, pinturas corporais, de casas e objetos, em artes rupestres, para tingir os cabelos, estes eram extraídos de animais, frutos, flores, cascas e raízes de plantas. Entre os principais corantes naturais alimentícios se destacam o urucum, o carmim de cochonilha, as antocianinas, as betalaínas e a curcumina. Os principais métodos de extração encontrados foram extração por maceração, extração em fluído supercrítico, extração enzimática, extração em líquido pressurizado, extração em água subcrítica, extração por campo elétrico pulsado, extração assistida por micro-ondas, extração por queda de pressão instantânea controlada e extração assistida por ultrassom

Potencial de biscoito amanteigado enriquecido com corante de Jenipapo/Buttery cookie potential enriched with Jenipapo dye

Os novos alimentos, como os biscoitos, têm utilizado ingredientes diversos para enriquecer sua formulação, como o uso de corantes naturais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi formular biscoito amanteigado enriquecido com corante natural do jenipapo (Genipa Americana) e avaliar seus atributos sensoriais: aparência, aroma, textura, sabor, impressão global e intenção de compra. O que resultou em uma aceitação global de 8 pontos na escala hedônica e uma intenção de compra de valores iguais para certamente compraria e possivelmente compraria

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Educomunicação e suas áreas de intervenção: Novos paradigmas para o diálogo intercultural

oai:omp.abpeducom.org.br:publicationFormat/1O material aqui divulgado representa, em essência, a contribuição do VII Encontro Brasileiro de Educomunicação ao V Global MIL Week, da UNESCO, ocorrido na ECA/USP, entre 3 e 5 de novembro de 2016. Estamos diante de um conjunto de 104 papers executivos, com uma média de entre 7 e 10 páginas, cada um. Com este rico e abundante material, chegamos ao sétimo e-book publicado pela ABPEducom, em seus seis primeiros anos de existência. A especificidade desta obra é a de trazer as “Áreas de Intervenção” do campo da Educomunicação, colocando-as a serviço de uma meta essencial ao agir educomunicativo: o diálogo intercultural, trabalhado na linha do tema geral do evento internacional: Media and Information Literacy: New Paradigms for Intercultural Dialogue

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Relações entre profissionais de saúde e usuários durante as práticas em saúde Relationships between health professionals and users throughout health care practices

Apresenta-se uma revisão integrativa sobre estudos que abordam as relações entre profissionais de saúde e usuários durante as práticas em saúde. Objetivou-se identificar os aspectos pesquisados no cotidiano dos serviços acerca dessas relações. A coleta foi realizada nas bases Lilacs e Pubmed segundo os descritores: acolhimento; relações profissional-família; relações profissional-paciente; humanização da assistência; e a palavra 'vínculo' associada ao descritor Sistema Único de Saúde. Selecionaram-se 290 estudos publicados entre 1990 e 2010. Por meio da análise temática, foram criados cinco núcleos de sentido: a relevância da confiança na relação profissional-usuário; sentimentos e sentidos na prática do cuidado; a importância da comunicação nos serviços de saúde; modo de organização das práticas em saúde; e (des)colonialismo. Identificou-se que as relações estabelecidas nas práticas de saúde têm uma dimensão transformadora. No entanto, permanece o desafio de humanizar os serviços de saúde. A enfermagem se destaca na produção do conhecimento nessa temática.<br>This article presents an integrative review about studies that address the relationships between health professionals and users in health care practices. It aimed to identify aspects that were researched on the daily life of the services concerning such relationships. Data were collected from the Lilacs and Pubmed databases based on these descriptors: user embracement; professionalfamily relations; professionalpatient relations; humanization of the care; and the bonding word associated to the Single Health System descriptor. Two hundred and ninety studies, published from 1990 to 2010, were selected. Through thematic analyses, five meaning cores were created: the relevance of the confidence in the professionaluser relationship; feelings and senses in the health care practice; the importance of communications in health care services; ways to organize health care practices and (de)colonialism. It was found that relationships established in health care practices have a transformative dimension. However, the challenge to humanize health care services remains. Nursing stands out in the production of knowledge on such theme

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data