Análisis comparativo en la estabilización de suelos adicionando cal, y caucho pulverizado en la Av. Grau, Ancón, Lima, 2021

El presente trabajo de investigación titulado ‘‘Análisis comparativo en la estabilización de suelos adicionando cal, y caucho pulverizado en la Av. Grau, Ancón, Lima, 2021’’ , evalúa de qué manera influye la adición de cal, y caucho pulverizado en la estabilización de suelos, así mismo revisa antecedentes y compara con los resultados obtenidos , se determinará si la influencia de la cal y caucho pulverizado logra o no mejorar las propiedades físicas y mecánicas de un suelo , específicamente en la subrasante, para lograr una comparación certera incorporaremos 4 porcentajes de cal y caucho , los cuales son 2% , 4% , 6% y 8%, por otro lado, para la obtener valores numéricos que logren responder nuestros objetivos, nos apoyaremos y basaremos en ensayos de mecánica de suelos como son, Granulometría, contenido de Humedad, limite líquido, limite plástico y CBR (California Bearing Ratio), dichos ensayos se realizaran en un laboratorio certificado que acreditaran nuestros resultados y por ende darán fe y veracidad de nuestras conclusiones. La cal es un material estabilizante que se encuentra normado frente a cualquier procedimiento que amerite este agente, sin embargo, el caucho es un material casi experimental el cual está teniendo buenos resultados en diferentes procesos he ahí la finalidad de nuestra investigación de comparar la efectividad de estos materiales en contextos similares

Carbon regeneration in the Cariaco Basin, Venezuela

The carbon regeneration in the water column of the Cariaco Basin (Venezuela) was investigated using a regression model of total alkalinity (TA) and the concentration of total inorganic carbon (TCO2). Primary productivity (PP) was determined from the inorganic carbon fraction assimilated by phytoplankton and the variation of the 22 and 23ºC isotherm was used as an indicator of coastal upwelling. The results indicate that CO2 levels were lowest (1962 µmol/kg) at the surface and increased to 2451 µmol/kg below the oxic-anoxic redox interface. The vertical regeneration distribution of carbon was dominated (82%) by organic carbon originating from the soft tissue of photosynthetic organisms, whereas 18% originated from the dissolution of biogenic calcite. The regeneration of organic carbon was highest in the surface layer in agreement with the primary productivity values. However, at the oxic-anoxic interface a second more intense maximum was detected (70-80%), generated by chemotrophic respiration of organic material by microorganisms. The percentages in the anoxic layers were lower than in the oxic zone because aerobic decomposition occurs more rapidly than anaerobic respiration of organic material because more labile fractions of organic carbon have already been mineralized in the upper layers

Stability of Ampicillin plus Ceftriaxone Combined in Elastomeric Infusion Devices for Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy

Ampicillin; Infective endocarditis; Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapyAmpicil·lina; Endocarditis infecciosa; Teràpia antimicrobiana parenteral ambulatòriaAmpicilina; Endocarditis infecciosa; Terapia antimicrobiana parenteral ambulatoriaCurrently, ampicillin plus ceftriaxone (AC) is one of the preferred treatments for Enterococcus faecalis infective endocarditis. However, there is a lack of stability data for the combination of both drugs in elastomeric devices, so the inclusion of AC in Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy (OPAT) programs is challenging. The objective of the study was to determine the stability of AC in elastomeric pumps when stored at 8 ± 2 °C, 25 ± 2 °C, 30 ± 2 °C and 37 ± 2 °C using LC-MS/MS. The combination was diluted in 0.9% sodium chloride and the final concentrations were ampicillin 24 g/L plus ceftriaxone 8 g/L. Physical and chemical stability were evaluated at 12, 20, 24, 36 and 48 h after preparation. Stability was met at each time point if the percentage of intact drug was ≥90% of its respective baseline concentration and color and clearness remained unchanged. The drug combination was stable for 48 h when it was kept at 8 ± 2 °C. At 25 ± 2 °C and 30 ± 2 °C, they were stable for 24 h of storage. At 37 ± 2 °C, the stability criterion was not met at any time point. These results prove that AC could be included in OPAT programs using elastomeric infusion devices for the treatment of E. faecalis infections.This work was supported by the Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria and the AFinf Working Group for the project “Stability study of antimicrobials under conditions analogous to the outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy program (OPAT)”. A.G.-V. was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, co-financed by the European Development Regional Fund (“A way to achieve Europe”), Subprograma Miguel Servet (grant CP19/00159). L.H.-H. was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, co-financed by the European Development Regional Fund (“A way to achieve Europe”), Subprograma Juan Rodés (grant JR22/00049)

Prognostic factors in left-sided endocarditis: results from the andalusian multicenter cohort

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Despite medical advances, mortality in infective endocarditis (IE) is still very high. Previous studies on prognosis in IE have observed conflicting results. The aim of this study was to identify predictors of in-hospital mortality in a large multicenter cohort of left-sided IE.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>An observational multicenter study was conducted from January 1984 to December 2006 in seven hospitals in Andalusia, Spain. Seven hundred and five left-side IE patients were included. The main outcome measure was in-hospital mortality. Several prognostic factors were analysed by univariate tests and then by multilogistic regression model.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The overall mortality was 29.5% (25.5% from 1984 to 1995 and 31.9% from 1996 to 2006; Odds Ratio 1.25; 95% Confidence Interval: 0.97-1.60; p = 0.07). In univariate analysis, age, comorbidity, especially chronic liver disease, prosthetic valve, virulent microorganism such as <it>Staphylococcus aureus</it>, <it>Streptococcus agalactiae </it>and fungi, and complications (septic shock, severe heart failure, renal insufficiency, neurologic manifestations and perivalvular extension) were related with higher mortality. Independent factors for mortality in multivariate analysis were: Charlson comorbidity score (OR: 1.2; 95% CI: 1.1-1.3), prosthetic endocarditis (OR: 1.9; CI: 1.2-3.1), <it>Staphylococcus aureus </it>aetiology (OR: 2.1; CI: 1.3-3.5), severe heart failure (OR: 5.4; CI: 3.3-8.8), neurologic manifestations (OR: 1.9; CI: 1.2-2.9), septic shock (OR: 4.2; CI: 2.3-7.7), perivalvular extension (OR: 2.4; CI: 1.3-4.5) and acute renal failure (OR: 1.69; CI: 1.0-2.6). Conversely, <it>Streptococcus viridans </it>group etiology (OR: 0.4; CI: 0.2-0.7) and surgical treatment (OR: 0.5; CI: 0.3-0.8) were protective factors.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Several characteristics of left-sided endocarditis enable selection of a patient group at higher risk of mortality. This group may benefit from more specialised attention in referral centers and should help to identify those patients who might benefit from more aggressive diagnostic and/or therapeutic procedures.</p

Carbon Regeneration in the Cariaco Basin, Venezuela

The carbon regeneration in the water column of the Cariaco Basin (Venezuela) was investigated using a regression model of total alkalinity (TA) and the concentration of total inorganic carbon (TCO2). Primary productivity (PP) was determined from the inorganic carbon fraction assimilated by phytoplankton and the variation of the 22 and 23ºC isotherm was used as an indicator of coastal upwelling. The results indicate that CO2 levels were lowest (1962 µmol/kg) at the surface and increased to 2451 µmol/kg below the oxic-anoxic redox interface. The vertical regeneration distribution of carbon was dominated (82%) by organic carbon originating from the soft tissue of photosynthetic organisms, whereas 18% originated from the dissolution of biogenic calcite. The regeneration of organic carbon was highest in the surface layer in agreement with the primary productivity values. However, at the oxic-anoxic interface a second more intense maximum was detected (70-80%), generated by chemotrophic respiration of organic material by microorganisms. The percentages in the anoxic layers were lower than in the oxic zone because aerobic decomposition occurs more rapidly than anaerobic respiration of organic material because more labile fractions of organic carbon have already been mineralized in the upper layers

Carbon Regeneration in the Cariaco Basin, Venezuela

The carbon regeneration in the water column of the Cariaco Basin (Venezuela) was investigated using a regression model of total alkalinity (TA) and the concentration of total inorganic carbon (TCO2). Primary productivity (PP) was determined from the inorganic carbon fraction assimilated by phytoplankton and the variation of the 22 and 23ºC isotherm was used as an indicator of coastal upwelling. The results indicate that CO2 levels were lowest (1962 µmol/kg) at the surface and increased to 2451 µmol/kg below the oxic-anoxic redox interface. The vertical regeneration distribution of carbon was dominated (82%) by organic carbon originating from the soft tissue of photosynthetic organisms, whereas 18% originated from the dissolution of biogenic calcite. The regeneration of organic carbon was highest in the surface layer in agreement with the primary productivity values. However, at the oxic-anoxic interface a second more intense maximum was detected (70-80%), generated by chemotrophic respiration of organic material by microorganisms. The percentages in the anoxic layers were lower than in the oxic zone because aerobic decomposition occurs more rapidly than anaerobic respiration of organic material because more labile fractions of organic carbon have already been mineralized in the upper layers

Carbon regeneration in the Cariaco Basin, Venezuela

Abstract The carbon regeneration in the water column of the Cariaco Basin (Venezuela) was investigated using a regression model of total alkalinity (TA) and the concentration of total inorganic carbon (TCO2). Primary productivity (PP) was determined from the inorganic carbon fraction assimilated by phytoplankton and the variation of the 22 and 23ºC isotherm was used as an indicator of coastal upwelling. The results indicate that CO2 levels were lowest (1962 µmol/kg) at the surface and increased to 2451 µmol/kg below the oxic-anoxic redox interface. The vertical regeneration distribution of carbon was dominated (82%) by organic carbon originating from the soft tissue of photosynthetic organisms, whereas 18% originated from the dissolution of biogenic calcite. The regeneration of organic carbon was highest in the surface layer in agreement with the primary productivity values. However, at the oxic-anoxic interface a second more intense maximum was detected (70-80%), generated by chemotrophic respiration of organic material by microorganisms. The percentages in the anoxic layers were lower than in the oxic zone because aerobic decomposition occurs more rapidly than anaerobic respiration of organic material because more labile fractions of organic carbon have already been mineralized in the upper layers

Carbon regeneration in the Cariaco Basin, Venezuela

<div>Revista Brasileña de Oceanografía, 65 (1): 00-00; 2017</div><div>la regeneración de carbono Márquez et al .: en la cuenca de Cariaco</div><div>83</div><div>la regeneración de carbono en la Fosa de Cariaco, Venezuela</div><div>La regeneración de carbono en la columna de agua de</div><div>la cuenca de Cariaco (Venezuela) fue investigado</div><div>utilizando un modelo de regresión de alcalinidad total (TA)</div><div>y la concentración de carbono inorgánico total</div><div>(TCO2). Se determinó la productividad primaria (PP)</div><div>de la fracción de carbono inorgánico asimilado</div><div>por el fitoplancton y la variación de la 22 y</div><div>23 ° C isoterma se utilizó como indicador de la costa</div><div>afloramiento. Los resultados indican que los niveles de CO2 eran</div><div>más bajo (1,962 mol / kg) en la superficie y el aumento de</div><div>a 2451 mmol / kg por debajo del redox óxica-anóxica</div><div>interfaz. La distribución vertical de la regeneración</div><div>carbono estaba dominada (82%) por el carbono orgánico</div><div>procedentes de los tejidos blandos del fotosintética</div><div>organismos, mientras que el 18% se originó a partir de la</div><div>disolución de calcita biogénica. La regeneración</div><div>de carbono orgánico fue más alto en la capa de superficie</div><div>de acuerdo con los valores de productividad primaria.</div><div>Sin embargo, en la interfaz óxica-anóxica un segundo más</div><div>Se detectó una intensa máximo (70-80%), genera</div><div>por la respiración chemotrophic de material orgánico</div><div>por microorganismos. Los porcentajes de la anóxica</div><div>capas fueron menores que en la zona óxica porque</div><div>descomposición aeróbica se produce más rápidamente que</div><div>la respiración anaerobia de material orgánico porque</div><div>fracciones más lábiles de carbono orgánico ya tienen</div><div>sido mineralizada en las capas superiores.</div