BUSINESS MEDIATION IN BRAZIL:KEY REGULATORY CHALLENGES

What are the regulatory barriers, pitfalls, and challenges in Brazilian business mediation? In this article, we investigated the Brazilian Mediation Law no.13.140/15, to provide scholars, mediators, and other practitioners with a wide view on the legal issues involving the Brazilian Mediation Law, through an extensive literature review on the regulatory aspects of the Alternative Dispute Resolution, regarding the aforementioned Law. Case analysis and further implications are presented. Finally, conclusion and future research recommendations compile the present study

LA FORMACIÓN DE HABILIDADES A PARTIR DEL DEPORTE RECREATIVO/SKILLS TRAINING FROM RECREATIONAL SPORT

La formación para la salud implica el desarrollo de habilidades sociales, se presenta la experiencia de intervención para desarrollarlas a partir de talleres deportivo-recreativos, en la zona metropolitana de Guadalajara. Se presentan las mediaciones utilizadas por los promotores para lograr el autocontrol de la agresividad y la resolución no violenta del conflicto.Palabras clave: Deporte Recreativo, Sociabilidad, Inadaptación Social. ABSTRACT Training for health involves the development of social skills, is presented to develop intervention experience from sports and recreational workshops in the metropolitan area of Guadalajara. We present mediation used by developers to achieve self-control of aggression and nonviolent conflict resolution. Keywords: Recreational Sports, Sociability, Social maladjustment

O setor produtivo de eletroeletrônicos e a logística reversa de seus produtos pós-consumo

O Brasil encontra-se atualmente entre os onze países em desenvolvimento que mais produz resíduos eletroeletrônicos, cerca de 2,6 quilos/ano por habitante. Diante desse cenário, este trabalho teve como objetivo geral analisar de que forma a indústria produtiva de eletroeletrônico têm atuado na cadeia e na logística reversa desses resíduos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa, de natureza exploratória e descritiva. As fontes primárias deste estudo provêm da aplicação de survey em 252 empresas do setor de eletroeletrônico cadastradas na Associação Brasileira da Indústria Elétrica e Eletrônica. Concluiu-se que o setor desenvolve ações de eco-design e avaliação do ciclo de vida do produto e embora a parceria entre este setor e o setor de resíduos eletroeletrônico tenha sido evidenciada, a mesma é tímida e necessita ser estimulada a fim de ampliar a oferta de matéria prima para o setor de resíduos fortalecendo ações de coleta e redução desses resíduos a nível nacional

Mortalidade infantil e acesso geográfico ao parto nos municípios brasileiros

OBJETIVO: Analisar o acesso geográfico ao parto hospitalar nos municípios brasileiros. MÉTODOS: Foram analisadas informações de óbitos e nascimentos quanto à sua adequação para o cálculo do coeficiente de mortalidade infantil no período de 2005 a 2007 para os 5.564 municípios brasileiros. O acesso geográfico foi expresso por indicadores de deslocamento, oferta e acesso aos serviços de saúde. A associação entre o acesso geográfico ao parto e o coeficiente de mortalidade infantil em municípios com adequação de suas informações vitais foi avaliada por meio de regressão múltipla. RESULTADOS: Dentre os municípios analisados, 56% apresentaram adequação das informações vitais, correspondendo a 72% da população brasileira. O deslocamento geográfico ao parto mostrou-se inversamente associado ao porte populacional, à renda per capita, e à mortalidade infantil, mesmo controlado por fatores demográficos e socioeconômicos. CONCLUSÕES: Embora tenham sido desenvolvidas estratégias importantes para a melhoria da qualidade do atendimento às gestantes no Brasil, as ações para garantir o acesso igualitário à assistência ao parto ainda são insuficientes. O maior deslocamento intermunicipal para o parto se mostrou como um fator de risco para a mortalidade infantil, aliado à desigualdade de oferta de serviços qualificados e à falta de integração com a atenção básica de saúde

Bienestar psicológico como factor protector ante el consumo de alcohol en estudiantes universitarios

Introduction: the psychological wellness is the personal experience that is built through the individual´s mental development and the ability to relate in a positive and integrated way with life experiences, considering the positive and negative aspects, if to the above, alcohol can cause a decompensation among those involved causing health problems such as mental and behavioral disorders. Objective: determine if the psychological wellness influences as a protective as a factor against alcohol consumption in university students. Method: quantitative, descriptive, correlational, prospective and cross sectional, applying the wellness psychological Scale by Ryff and the Test AUDIT applied to 307 students of the Nursing Degree from the Universidad Veracruzana. Results: according to the Kolmogorov and Smirnov test the variables did not show normality the Spearman test was applied, this relationship between psychological well-being and alcohol consumption showed (rs= 1.020, p >0.05), according to age (rs= .221, p <0.01) according to the people with who they live (rs= .159, p <0.01) and witch semester they are studying (rs= .182, p <0.01). Discussion: the results coincide with different investigations where the same variables were studied and identified approving the null hypothesis; the psychological well-being influences in a neutral way in the consumption of alcohol in college students as a protector factor. Conclusion: 52.8% with high psychological well-being, 20.5% do not consume alcohol, while 32.3%, yes, classifying as sensible (18.9%), 7.8% dependent or risk and 5.3% harmful, the above, rejects the belief that psychological well-being influences alcoholic behavior.Introducción: el bienestar psicológico es la experiencia personal que se va construyendo a través del desarrollo mental del individuo y capacidad para relacionarse de manera positiva e integrada con las experiencias de vida, considerando los aspectos positivos y negativos, si a lo anterior, se agrega el consumo de alcohol puede existir una descompensación entre ambos, causando problemas de salud como trastornos mentales y comportamentales. Objetivo: determinar si el bienestar psicológico influye como factor protector ante el consumo de alcohol en estudiantes universitarios. Método: cuantitativo, descriptivo, correlacional, prospectivo y corte trasversal, aplicando la Escala de Bienestar Psicológico de Ryff y el Test AUDIT, a 307 estudiantes de la Licenciatura de Enfermería de la Universidad Veracruzana. Resultados: según la prueba de Kolmogorov y Smirnov, las variables no mostraron normalidad, se aplicó la prueba de Spearman, dicha relación entre bienestar psicológico y consumo de alcohol mostró (rs= 1.020, p >0.05), pero por la Edad (rs= .221, p <0.01), Con quien viven (rs= .159, p <0.01) y Semestre que cursa actualmente (rs= .182, p <0.01). Discusión: Los resultados coinciden con diferentes investigaciones, donde se estudiaron e identificaron las mismas variables, aprobándose la hipótesis nula: el bienestar psicológico influye de manera neutra en el consumo de alcohol en estudiantes universitarios como factor protector. Conclusión: el 52.8% con un bienestar psicológico alto, el 20.5% no consume alcohol, mientras que el 32.3%, sí, clasificándose en sensato (18.9%), 7.8% dependiente o riesgo y el 5.3% perjudicial, lo anterior, rechaza la creencia que el bienestar psicológico influye en la conducta alcohólica

Estimation of lung vital capacity before and after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery: a comparison of incentive spirometer and ventilometry

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Measurement of vital capacity (VC) by spirometry is the most widely used technique for lung function evaluation, however, this form of assessment is costly and further investigation of other reliable methods at lower cost is necessary. Objective: To analyze the correlation between direct vital capacity measured with ventilometer and with incentive inspirometer in patients in pre and post cardiac surgery.</p> <p>Methodology</p> <p>Cross-sectional comparative study with patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Respiratory parameters were evaluated through the measurement of VC performed by ventilometer and inspirometer. To analyze data normality the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was applied, for correlation the Pearson correlation coefficient was used and for comparison of variables in pre and post operative period Student's t test was adopted. We established a level of ignificance of 5%. Data was presented as an average, standard deviation and relative frequency when needed. The significance level was set at 5%.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We studied 52 patients undergoing cardiac surgery, 20 patients in preoperative with VC-ventilometer: 32.95 ± 11.4 ml/kg and VC-inspirometer: 28.9 ± 11 ml/Kg, r = 0.7 p < 0.001. In the post operatory, 32 patients were evaluated with VC-ventilometer: 28.27 ± 12.48 ml/kg and VC-inspirometer: 26.98 ± 11 ml/Kg, r = 0.95 p < 0.001. Presenting a very high correlation between the evaluation forms studied.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>There was a high correlation between DVC measures with ventilometer and incentive spirometer in pre and post CABG surgery. Despite this, arises the necessity of further studies to evaluate the repercussion of this method in lowering costs at hospitals.</p

Performing meta-analysis with incomplete statistical information in clinical trials

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Results from clinical trials are usually summarized in the form of sampling distributions. When full information (mean, SEM) about these distributions is given, performing meta-analysis is straightforward. However, when some of the sampling distributions only have mean values, a challenging issue is to decide how to use such distributions in meta-analysis. Currently, the most common approaches are either ignoring such trials or for each trial with a missing SEM, finding a similar trial and taking its SEM value as the missing SEM. Both approaches have drawbacks. As an alternative, this paper develops and tests two new methods, the first being the prognostic method and the second being the interval method, to estimate any missing SEMs from a set of sampling distributions with full information. A merging method is also proposed to handle clinical trials with partial information to simulate meta-analysis.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Both of our methods use the assumption that the samples for which the sampling distributions will be merged are randomly selected from the same population. In the prognostic method, we predict the missing SEMs from the given SEMs. In the interval method, we define intervals that we believe will contain the missing SEMs and then we use these intervals in the merging process.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Two sets of clinical trials are used to verify our methods. One family of trials is on comparing different drugs for reduction of low density lipprotein cholesterol (LDL) for Type-2 diabetes, and the other is about the effectiveness of drugs for lowering intraocular pressure (IOP). Both methods are shown to be useful for approximating the conventional meta-analysis including trials with incomplete information. For example, the meta-analysis result of Latanoprost versus Timolol on IOP reduction for six months provided in <abbrgrp><abbr bid="B1">1</abbr></abbrgrp> was 5.05 ± 1.15 (Mean ± SEM) with full information. If the last trial in this study is assumed to be with partial information, the traditional analysis method for dealing with incomplete information that ignores this trial would give 6.49 ± 1.36 while our prognostic method gives 5.02 ± 1.15, and our interval method provides two intervals as Mean ∈ [4.25, 5.63] and SEM ∈ [1.01, 1.24].</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Both the prognostic and the interval methods are useful alternatives for dealing with missing data in meta-analysis. We recommend clinicians to use the prognostic method to predict the missing SEMs in order to perform meta-analysis and the interval method for obtaining a more cautious result.</p

Academic stress in nursing undergraduates, a longitudinal cross-sectional study in covid-19 times

Introducción: el confinamiento vivido por el SARS-Cov2 ha modificado la forman en que el mundo funcionaba, sin embargo, el mayor impacto ha sido recibido en tres sectores, el sanitario, económico y educativo, siendo este último el punto de partida para la realización de la presente investigación. Objetivo: comparar la media de estrés académico en un grupo de alumnos de la licenciatura en enfermería en dos períodos durante la pandemia por Covid-19. Materiales y métodos: estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, comparativo y longitudinal, aplicando el Inventario SISCO-24, con un muestreo no probabilístico consecutivo. Resultados y discusión: 75.0% de la población pertenece al sexo femenino, 38.8% estudia y trabajan simultáneamente, la edad promedio es de 19.72± DE 1.43, los dominios que resultaron más afectados son los síntomas físicos y psicológicos (ME: 14.63± DE 4.38; ME: 15.99± DE 4.44) y a través de la prueba t de Student para muestras relacionadas se identificó que no existen diferencias significativas entre las medias de estrés académico (t= 0.13; Sig. Bilateral: .990). Conclusión: los métodos de educación virtuales manifiestan una incompatibilidad con el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje, señalando que el aumento de factores estresores académicos es persistente y mantiene niveles peligrosamente elevados que amenazan a la salud mentalIntroduction: the confinement experienced by SARS-Cov2 has modified the way in which the world functioned; however, the greatest impact has been received in three sectors, health, economic and educational, the latter being the starting point for this research. Objective: to compare the mean academic stress in a group of nursing students in two periods during the Covid-19 pandemic. Materials and methods: quantitative, descriptive, comparative, and longitudinal study, applying the SISCO-24 Inventory, with non-probabilistic consecutive sampling. Results and discussion: 75.0% of the population was female, 38.8% studied and worked simultaneously, the mean age was 19.72 SD 1.43, the most affected domains were physical and psychological symptoms (ME: 14.63 SD 4.38; ME: 15.99 SD 4.44) and through the student’s t-test for related samples it was identified that there were no significant differences between the means of academic stress (t= 0.13; Bilateral Sig.: .990). Conclusion: virtual education methods manifest an incompatibility with the teaching-learning process, indicating that the increase of academic stressors is persistent and maintains dangerously high levels that threaten mental healt

Force of tuberculosis infection among adolescents in a high HIV and TB prevalence community: a cross-sectional observation study

BACKGROUND: Understanding of the transmission dynamics of tuberculosis (TB) in high TB and HIV prevalent settings is required in order to develop effective intervention strategies for TB control. However, there are little data assessing incidence of TB infection in adolescents in these settings. METHODS: We performed a tuberculin skin test (TST) and HIV survey among secondary school learners in a high HIV and TB prevalence community. TST responses to purified protein derivative RT23 were read after 3 days. HIV-infection was assessed using Orasure(R) collection device and ELISA testing. The results of the HIV-uninfected participants were combined with those from previous surveys among primary school learners in the same community, and force of TB infection was calculated by age. RESULTS: The age of 820 secondary school participants ranged from 13 to 22 years. 159 participants had participated in the primary school surveys. At a 10 mm cut-off, prevalence of TB infection among HIV-uninfected and first time participants, was 54% (n = 334/620). HIV prevalence was 5% (n = 40/816). HIV infection was not significantly associated with TST positivity (p = 0.07). In the combined survey dataset, TB prevalence was 45% (n = 645/1451), and was associated with increasing age and male gender. Force of infection increased with age, from 3% to 7.3% in adolescents [greater than or equal to]20 years of age. CONCLUSIONS: We show a high force of infection among adolescents, positively associated with increasing age. We postulate this is due to increased social contact with infectious TB cases. Control of the TB epidemic in this setting will require reducing the force of infection