Eosinophil Morphology Eosinophil granules and degranulation

Endogenous DNA damage is causally associated with the functional decline and transformation of stem cells that characterize aging. DNA lesions that have escaped DNA repair can induce replication stress and genomic breaks that induce senescence and apoptosis. It is not clear how stem and proliferating cells cope with accumulating endogenous DNA lesions and how these ultimately affect the physiology of cells and tissues. Here we have addressed these questions by investigating the hematopoietic system of mice deficient for Rev1, a core factor in DNA translesion synthesis (TLS), the postreplicative bypass of damaged nucleotides. Rev1 hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells displayed compromised proliferation, and replication stress that could be rescued with an antioxidant. The additional disruption of Xpc, essential for global-genome nucleotide excision repair (ggNER) of helix-distorting nucleotide lesions, resulted in the perinatal loss of hematopoietic stem cells, progressive loss of bone marrow, and fatal aplastic anemia between 3 and 4 months of age. This was associated with replication stress, genomic breaks, DNA damage signaling, senescence, and apoptosis in bone marrow. Surprisingly, the collapse of the Rev1Xpc bone marrow was associated with progressive mitochondrial dysfunction and consequent exacerbation of oxidative stress. These data reveal that, to protect its genomic and functional integrity, the hematopoietic system critically depends on the combined activities of repair and replication of helix-distorting oxidative nucleotide lesions by ggNER and Rev1-dependent TLS, respectively. The error-prone nature of TLS may provide mechanistic understanding of the accumulation of mutations in the hematopoietic system upon aging

Chinese herb related molecules of cancer-cell-apoptosis: a minireview of progress between Kanglaite injection and related genes

Many kinds of Chinese herb had been confirmed to have the character of anti-tumor, clinical reports about anti-tumor effects of Chinese herb had also been found in recent years, but most of the reports were focused on the clinical treatment of effectiveness for Chinese herb, on the other hand, review about Chinese herbal related with molecules on cancer-cell-apoptosis was seldom, many scientists could not believe such kinds of clinical describes about anti-tumor effects for Chinese herb, because these describes were lack of molecular biology evidence. Kanglaite(KLT) injection is an anti-tumor new drug which extracts from Chinese medicine-coix seed with modern advanced pharmaceutical technology, it is also a new biphase extended-spectrum anticancer medicine, the food and drug administration(FDA) of United States also approved a phase II trial of KLT to test its efficacy in treating non-small-cell lung cancer. Some studies show it could inhibit some anti-apoptotic gene and activate some pro-apoptotic gene, its injection solution is one of the new anticancer medicine that can significantly inhibit a various kinds of tumor cells, so it has become the core of research that how to further explore KLT injection to promote tumor cell apoptosis by impacting on related genes. In this review, the relationship between KLT and some tumor cell apoptosis molecules had been discussed and reviewed generally

High-Performance Corrosion-Resistant Materials: Iron-Based Amorphous-Metal Thermal-Spray Coatings: SAM HPCRM Program ? FY04 Annual Report ? Rev. 0 - DARPA DSO & DOE OCRWM Co-Sponsored Advanced Materials Program

The multi-institutional High Performance Corrosion Resistant Materials (HPCRM) Team is cosponsored by the Defense Advanced Projects Agency (DARPA) Defense Science Office (DSO) and the Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management (OCRWM), and has developed new corrosion-resistant, iron-based amorphous metals that can be applied as coatings with advanced thermal spray technology. Two compositions have corrosion resistance superior to wrought nickel-based Alloy C-22 (UNS No. N06022) in very aggressive environments, including concentrated calcium-chloride brines at elevated temperature. Corrosion costs the Department of Defense billions of dollars every year, with an immense quantity of material in various structures undergoing corrosion. For example, in addition to fluid and seawater piping, ballast tanks, and propulsions systems, approximately 345 million square feet of structure aboard naval ships and crafts require costly corrosion control measures. The use of advanced corrosion-resistant materials to prevent the continuous degradation of this massive surface area would be extremely beneficial. The Fe-based corrosion-resistant, amorphous-metal coatings under development may prove of importance for applications on ships. Such coatings could be used as an 'integral drip shield' on spent fuel containers, as well as protective coatings that could be applied over welds, thereby preventing exposure to environments that might cause stress corrosion cracking. In the future, such new high-performance iron-based materials could be substituted for more-expensive nickel-based alloys, thereby enabling a reduction in the $58-billion life cycle cost for the long-term storage of the Nation's spent nuclear fuel by tens of percent

The instrument suite of the European Spallation Source

An overview is provided of the 15 neutron beam instruments making up the initial instrument suite of the European Spallation Source (ESS), and being made available to the neutron user community. The ESS neutron source consists of a high-power accelerator and target station, providing a unique long-pulse time structure of slow neutrons. The design considerations behind the time structure, moderator geometry and instrument layout are presented. The 15-instrument suite consists of two small-angle instruments, two reflectometers, an imaging beamline, two single-crystal diffractometers; one for macromolecular crystallography and one for magnetism, two powder diffractometers, and an engineering diffractometer, as well as an array of five inelastic instruments comprising two chopper spectrometers, an inverse-geometry single-crystal excitations spectrometer, an instrument for vibrational spectroscopy and a high-resolution backscattering spectrometer. The conceptual design, performance and scientific drivers of each of these instruments are described. All of the instruments are designed to provide breakthrough new scientific capability, not currently available at existing facilities, building on the inherent strengths of the ESS long-pulse neutron source of high flux, flexible resolution and large bandwidth. Each of them is predicted to provide world-leading performance at an accelerator power of 2 MW. This technical capability translates into a very broad range of scientific capabilities. The composition of the instrument suite has been chosen to maximise the breadth and depth of the scientific impact o

ESTADO BUCAL DE PACIENTES CON FIBROSIS QUÍSTICA (FQ)

Fil: Grasan, J. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Odontología Integral Niños, Argentina.Fil: Altamura, G. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Odontología Integral Niños, Argentina.Fil: Aprigliano, N. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Odontología Integral Niños, Argentina.En un estudio (Grasan, Sebelli, Anchava, Ferrari, y Biondi, 2016) se observó que niños con Fibrosis Quística (FQ) atendidos en un hospital revelaron menor patología dental comparados con pacientes sanos que concurrían a la Cátedra (FOUBA), siendo necesarios estudios comparativos con niños sin demanda de atención. Objetivo: determinar el estado bucal de pacientes pediátricos que concurren al Hospital Garrahan con diagnóstico de FQ y compararlos con niños sanos sin demanda de atención de la misma edad y sexo que concurren a una escuela pública del partido de Merlo, Buenos Aires

EEG/EMG based Architecture for the Early Detection of Slip-induced Lack of Balance

In this paper, we propose the preliminary version of a novel pre-impact fall detection (PIFD) strategy, optimized for the early recognition of balance loss during the steady walking.The technique has been implemented in a multi-sensor architecture aiming to jointly analyzes the muscular and cortical activity. The physiological signals were acquired from 10 electromyography (EMC) electrodes on the lower limbs and 13 electroencephalography (EEG) sites all along the scalp.Data from the EMGs are statistically treated and used both to identify abnormal muscular activities and to trigger the cortical activity assessment. The EEG computation branch evaluate the rate of variation of the EEG power spectrum density, named m, to describe the cortical responsiveness in live bands of interest. Then, a logical conditions network allows the system to recognize the loss of balance induced by the slippage, by considering both the evaluated muscular parameters and the cortical ones.Experimental validation on six adults (supported by the motion capture system) showed that the system reacts in a time compliant with the fall dynamic request (403.16 ms), ensuring a competitive detection accuracy (Sensitivity =93.33%, Specificity=99.82 %)

Cortical reactive balance responses to unexpected slippages while walking: A pilot study

Understanding how the human brain cortex behaves when the dynamical balance is unexpectedly challenged can be useful to enable fall prevention strategies during daily activities. In this respect, we designed and tested a novel methodological approach to early detect modifications of the scalp-level signals when steady walking is perturbed.Four young adults were asked to manage unexpected bilateral slippages while steadily walking at their self-selected speed. Lower limb kinematics, electromyographic (EMG) and electroencephalographic (EEG; 13 channels from motor and sensory-motor cortex areas) signals were synchronously recorded.EMG signals from Vastus Medialis (both sides) were used to trigger the analysis of the EEG before and after the perturbation onset. Cortical activity was then assessed and compared pre vs. post perturbation. Specifically, for each gait cycle, the rate of variation of the EEG power spectrum density, named m, was used to describe the cortical responsiveness in five bands of interests: (4-7 Hz), α (8-12 Hz), β I, β II, β III rhythms (13-15, 15-20, 18-28 Hz).Results revealed a sharp increment of m early after the onset of the perturbation (perturbed step) compared to steady locomotion, for all rhythms. This cortical behavior disappeared during the recovery step.This study promisingly supports the evidence that the proposed approach can distinguish between steady walking and early reactive balance recovery, paving the way for the EEG-based monitoring of the fall risk during daily activities

[Nailfold capillaroscopy in normal children between 0 and 16 years of age].

Nailfold capillaroscopy is a technique used in childhood and adults for morpho-functional study of peripheral microcirculation. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the evolution of the microcirculation. Nailfold capillaroscopy was performed in eighty-six healthy children (48 boys and 38 girls) aged 5 months to 16 years. All the subjects were divided into 5 groups for age. A progressive morphological and dynamic development of peripheral microcirculation in the early years of life was observed. Therefore, nailfold capillaroscopy is a simple, noninvasive, easily repetitive method which allows to observe the physiological development and a possible pathology of naifold capillaries

Stability against backward balance loss: Age-related modifications following slip-like perturbations of multiple amplitudes

Falls are one of the most serious problems in the elderly. Although previous studies clearly link the increased risk of falls with ageing, the mechanisms responsible for the modifications of reactive motor behaviours in response to external perturbations are not yet fully understood. This study investigated how the stability against backward balance loss is affected by aging and intensity of perturbations. The Margin of Stability (MoS) was estimated while eight young and eight elderly adults managed three slip like perturbations of different intensities while walking at the same normalized speed. A compensatory step was necessary to regain stability. The forward swing phase of the trailing leg was rapidly interrupted and reversed in direction. Results have shown that ageing significantly affects the time required to select the most appropriate biomechanical response: even if the characteristic of the backward step was similar between groups, elderly subjects took more time to reverse the movement of their swinging limb, thus achieving a less efficient action to counteract the backward balance loss (lower MoS both during and at the end of the early compensatory reaction). In addition, young and elderly subjects scaled their reactions with respect to the perturbations intensity in a similar way by increasing the length of their backward step, thus revealing a context-dependent tuning of the biomechanical response that was not affected by aging. These behavioural features can be helpful in identifying the causes of increased fall risk among the elderly in order to define more suited intervention in fall prevention programs. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved