A clinical study to evaluate the Upashayatmaka effect of Trikarshika Kwatha in Amavata (Rheumatoid Arthritis)

Background: Amavata is the disease which is caused due to the involvement of Ama and Vata. Rheumatoid Arthritis is having significant parlance with Amavata in terms of the symptoms produced in the body. The prevalence of Rheumatoid Arthritis is approximately 0.8% of the population. Women are affected approximately three times more often than men. Objectives: To carry out comprehensive literary work covering classical and modern aspect of Amavata and to evaluate the Upashayatmaka effect of Trikarshika Kwatha in Amavata. Methodology: A Single group open labelled clinical study with pre and post test design was carried out in 30 subjects of Amavata aged 16-70 years. Patients were analyzed and selected accordingly who fulfilled the diagnostic and inclusion criteria. Trikarshika Kwatha 48ml twice a day before food was given for 15 days. Detailed proforma was prepared to assess the observation. Results: All the parameters were highly statistically significant with p<0.001 except RA Factor which was statistically insignificant throughout the study. Conclusion: Trikarshika Kwatha proved beneficial in reducing the symptoms of Amavata

How to motivate people for donor eyes with active support and participation of NGOs

Background: Corneal diseases are among the major causes of vision loss and blindness in the world today, after cataract and glaucoma. In India, it is estimated that there are approximately 6.8 million people who have vision less than 6/60 in at least one eye due to corneal diseases. On an average, the country needs 200,000 corneas in a year, and only 44,806 are collected. Therefore, creating awareness amongst the masses and encouraging them to pledge their eyes for donation is critical. We utilized the help of local voluntary, social, and religious organizations for the implementation of the awareness and motivation program.Methods: Authors utilized the help of local voluntary, social, and religious organizations for the selection of sites, local publicity, arrangement and mobilization of people and other infrastructure. Schools, colleges, clubs, organizations, trade union offices, public functions, etc were utilized for the arrangement of this awareness and motivation camps.Results: As a result of the eye donation awareness and motivation programs we got 1035 eyes in the past 12 years. Starting with 24 eyes in the first year rising to 126eyes in the 12th year. 64% of the eyes received were utilized for keratoplasty and 36% were used for research purposes.Conclusions: Out experiences has convinced us the important role of social and religious organization and its leaders in spreading the message of eye donation among people. These organizations have an active role in creating awareness and motivation of eye donation to clear the backlog of corneal blindness in India

Design de fiabilidade bidimensional do software de múltiplos lançamentos tendo em conta o fator de redução de falhas na depuração imperfeita

Introduction: The present research was conducted at the University of Delhi, India in 2017. Methods: We develop a software reliability growth model to assess the reliability of software products released in multiple versions under limited availability of resources and time. The Fault Reduction Factor (frf) is considered to be constant in imperfect debugging environments while the rate of fault removal is given by Delayed S-Shaped model. Results: The proposed model has been validated on a real life four-release dataset by carrying out goodness of fit analysis. Laplace trend analysis was also conducted to judge the trend exhibited by data with respect to change in the system’s reliability. Conclusions: A number of comparison criteria have been calculated to evaluate the performance of the proposed model relative to only time-based multi-release Software Reliability Growth Model (srgm). Originality: In general, the number of faults removed is not the same as the number of failures experienced in given time intervals, so the inclusion of frf in the model makes it better and more realistic. A paradigm shift has been observed in software development from single release to multi release platform. Limitations: The proposed model can be used by software developers to take decisions regarding the release time for different versions, by either minimizing the development cost or maximizing the reliability and determining the warranty policies.Introducción: la presente investigación se realizó en la Universidad de Delhi, India en 2017. Métodos: desarrollamos un modelo de crecimiento de confiabilidad de software para evaluar la confiabilidad de los productos de software lanzados en múltiples versiones bajo disponibilidad limitada de recursos y tiempo. El factor de reducción de fallas (frf) se considera una constante en entornos de depuración imperfecta, mientras que la tasa de eliminación de fallas está dada por el modelo de forma retardada en S. Resultados: se valida el modelo propuesto en un conjunto de datos de cuatro lanzamientos de la vida real mediante un análisis de bondad de ajuste. También se aplicó el análisis de tendencia de Laplace para juzgar la tendencia que presentan los datos con respecto al cambio en la confiabilidad del sistema. Conclusiones: se calculó una serie de criterios de comparación para evaluar el rendimiento del modelo propuesto en relación con el modelo de crecimiento de confiabilidad del software (srgm) de múltiples lanzamientos basado únicamente en el tiempo. Originalidad: en general, el número de fallas eliminadas no es el mismo que el número de fallas experimentadas en intervalos de tiempo determinados, por lo que la inclusión de frf en el modelo lo mejora y lo hace más realista. Se ha observado un cambio de paradigma en el desarrollo de software, que pasa de un lanzamiento único a una plataforma múltiples lanzamientos. Limitaciones: los desarrolladores de software pueden emplear el modelo propuesto para tomar decisiones con respecto al tiempo de lanzar diferentes versiones, ya sea minimizando el costo de desarrollo o maximizando la confiabilidad y determinando las políticas de la garantía.Introdução: esta pesquisa foi realizada na Universidade de Deli, na Índia, em 2017. Métodos: desenvolvemos um modelo de crescimento de confiabilidade de software para avaliar a confiabilidade dos produtos de software lançados em múltiplas versões sob disponibilidade limitada de recursos e tempo. O fator de redução de falhas (frf) é considerado uma constante em contextos de depuração imperfeita, enquanto a taxa de eliminação de falhas é dada pelo modelo de forma retardada em S.Resultados: o modelo proposto é avaliado em um conjunto de dados de quatro lançamentos da vida real mediante uma análise de bondade de ajuste. Também foi utilizada a análise de tendência de Laplace para avaliar a tendência apresentada pelos dados com respeito à mudança na confiabilidade do sistema.Conclusões: uma série de critérios de comparação foi calculada para avaliar o rendimento do modelo proposto em relação com o modelo de crescimento de confiabilidade do software (srgm) de múltiplos lançamentos baseado unicamente no tempo.Originalidade: em geral, o número de falhas eliminadas não é o mesmo que o número de falhas existentes em intervalos de tempo determinados, sendo assim, a inclusão do frf no modelo o torna melhor e mais realista. Foi observada uma mudança de paradigma no desenvolvimento de software, que passa de um lançamento único a uma plataforma de múltiplos lançamentos.Limitações: o modelo proposto pode ser utilizado pelos desenvolvedores de software para tomar decisões com respeito ao tempo de lançar diferentes versões, seja para minimizar o custo de desenvolvimento ou maximizar a confiabilidade e determinar as políticas de garantia

Evaluation of apparent diffusion coefficient in endometrial carcinoma compared to normal endometrium: a retrospective study

Background: To determine whether diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with measurement of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) will help in differentiating endometrial cancer from normal endometrium and to determine whether the grades of endometrial cancer will show significant difference in ADC values.Methods: This is a retrospective study done in MOSC medical college hospital Kolencherry. on patients on whom preoperative MRI was done before hysterectomy. Cases from July 2017 to March 2021 were included. Study cases included 40 females with pathologically confirmed endometrial cancer and 30 females with pathologically proven normal endometrium in cases of uterine leiomyoma and cervical cancer. The exclusion criteria for the study were patients with endometrial cancer in whom surgery was not done within 2 weeks of MRI, patients who were treated with chemotherapy or radiotherapy before surgery, patients who had hydrometra or pyometra.Results: The mean ADC value (10−3 mm2/second) of endometrial cancer was 0.77±0.04, which was significantly lower (p0.05).Conclusions: Our study showed that ADC measurement can differentiate between normal endometrium and endometrial cancer. The ADC values of different grades of endometrial cancers did not show any statistically significant difference.

Metanomics: Adaptive market and volatility behaviour in Metaverse

This study presents stylized facts of the fungible tokens/currencies (MANA/USD and SAND/USD) in the Metaverses (Decentraland and The Sandbox). Metaverse currency exchange rate market exhibits very high conditional volatility, albeit no leverage effect, less impact of the real-world crisis (Global Lockdown due to COVID 19 pandemic) and low correlation with either cryptocurrency index (CCi30) or real-world equity index (S&P 500). Surprisingly, MANA and SAND – fungible tokens/ currencies in different Metaverses exhibit significant and increasing correlation between each other. The relative market efficiency of Metaverse currency market is comparable to that observed in the cryptocurrency and equity markets in the real-world

Influence of cataract and small incision cataract surgery on the macular thickness measurements: an optical coherence tomography-based study

Background: Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive imaging technique for analysing retinal architecture. It is a common investigation for various optic disc and macular diseases like glaucoma and diabetic macular oedema nowadays. OCT image quality is affected by many factors especially media opacity due to cataract. This study was done to compare macular thickness measurements by OCT in the presence of cataract and after removal of the cataract by Small Incision Cataract Surgery (SICS).Methods: A prospective observational study was designed which included 99 eyes of 99 patients with no optic disc and retinal pathology who underwent uncomplicated small incision cataract surgery. Routine ophthalmological evaluation including scans using macular analysis protocols of Cirrus HD OCT were done on the first visit to outpatient department and repeated on the day of surgery, one week and three weeks after surgery. The difference between the visits were analysed by Student’s t-test for paired samples.Results: The best corrected visual acuity and signal strength of OCT scans improved significantly after surgery. Among the macular parameters the temporal inner, nasal inner and nasal outer area thicknesses showed significant improvement from preoperative to postoperative values. The foveal thickness, nasal inner and nasal outer thicknesses changed significantly between two postoperative visits.Conclusions: The presence of cataract and small incision cataract surgery affects the macular measurements performed with Cirrus HD OCT. This should be taken into consideration while managing macular diseases like diabetic macular oedema

Protection of mice against Plasmodium berghei infection by a tuftsin derivative

In Plasmodium berghei infections, the mortality rate and parasitaemias were significantly reduced and the mean survival time was considerably enhanced by pretreating the animals with a tuftsin derivative, Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-NH-(CH2)2-NHCOC15H31. This effect of the modified tuftsin was further increased upon its incorporation in the liposome bilayer. These results indicate that tuftsin and its derivatives may prove useful in enhancing nonspecific host resistance against protozoan infections

Optimized Reversible Logic Multiplexer Designs for Energy-Efficient Nanoscale Computing

Nano- and quantum-based low-power applications are where reversible logic really shines. By using digitally equivalent circuits with reversible logic gates, energy savings may be achieved. Reducing garbage output and ancilla inputs is a primary emphasis of this study, which aims to lower power consumption in reversible multiplexers. Multiplexers with switchable 2:1, 4:1, and 8:1 ratios may be built using the SJ gate and other simple reversible logic gates. The number of ancilla inputs has been cut in half from four to zero, and the amount of garbage output has been cut in half as well, from eight to three, making the 2:1 multiplexer an improvement over the prior design. New 4:1 multiplexer has 10' ancilla inputs, up from 2' in the previous designs. The proposed 4:1 multiplexer also cuts waste production in half from the current 5-to-6 bins per day. The 8:1 multiplexer has two ancilla inputs and nine trash outputs, while the current architecture only has one of each. The functionality of the VHDL and Xilinx 14.7-coded designs is validated by ISIM simulations

Preclinical toxicological evaluation of Aloe vera health drinks in wistar rats

Human consumption of Aloe vera as a beverage has recently increased in popularity. These benefits are controversial with some sources pointing out that the putative effects of aloe are unsupported by clinical studies; it is important that marketed products be tested for toxicities following oral consumption. Hence this study was designed to evaluate the toxicological effect of marketed aloe health drinks. Thirty either sex Wistar rats (200-300gm) were enrolled in this study and are divided into 5 groups. Group I receives Normal saline serves as vehicle control, Group II and III receives Product A- Low dose (0.5 ml twice daily, p.o) and High dose (1.0 ml twice daily, p.o) respectively. Group IV and V receives Product B- Low dose (0.5 ml twice daily, p.o) and High dose (1.0 ml twice daily, p.o) respectively. Weekly body weight and daily feed intake were measured. On 28th day total urine output volume, faecal consistency, Haematological, biochemical, and organ weight were measured to assess the toxicity of aloe health drinks. The result of this study shows that continuous usage of aloe health drinks showed milder weight reduction, significant improvement in erythropoiesis also it increases the WBC count and increases the weight of spleen it may confirm the immune modulatory effect of aloe health drink. At the higher doses, it increased the SGOT, SGPT, serum urea and creatinine it may lead to the hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. In gastrointestinal tract on prolonged uses, it produced few lesions and diarrhoea. It might be concluded that prolonged consumption of unprocessed aloe health drink contains latex, an ingredient which has many health risks associated with it. So it can aggravate health problems