La lengua escrita en Corea y la creación del alfabeto coreano : Hangeul

Este artículo presenta la evolución histórica de la legua escrita coreana centrándose en el momento histórico de la creación del alfabeto coreano, Hangeul, en el siglo XV. Comienza analizando los orígenes de la lengua coreana y sus conexiones con las lenguas altaicas para luego pasar a ver cómo fue la introducción de los caracteres chinos que fueron el vehículo principal de lenguaje escrito durante la mayor parte de la historia coreana. En los siguientes apartados se explica cómo se creo el alfabeto coreano y sus fundamentos filosóficos; así cómo la oposición que sufrió el Hangeul por parte de algunos miembros de las clases dominantes pero también se convirtió en un elemento esencial para el desarrollo de la cultura entre las clases populares, al mismo tiempo que sirvió de factor unificador en los momentos de crisis nacional.This article presents the historical evolution of the Korean written language focusing on the historical moment of the creation of the Korean alphabet, Hangeul, in the XV century. It begins analyzing the origins of the Korean language and their connections with the Altaic languages, then to see how was the introduction of the Chinese character, that were the main vehicle of the written language during most of the Korean history. After that, it is explained how the Korean alphabet was created and its philosophical foundations; the way how it suffer the opposition on the part of some members of the dominant classes, at the same time that became an essential element for the development of the culture among the popular society, and how it served as an unifier factor in the moments of the nation crisis

Katechese in der salesianischen Jugendpastoral

Autor je vrhovni savjetnik za pastoral mladih u Salezijanskoj družbi. U ovome članku prikazuje mjesto i ulogu kateheze u salezijanskom pastoralu mladih. To je pastoral obilježen zajedničarskim mentalitetom, a cilj mu je cjelovit rast mladih. Njegove su temeljne dimenzije evangelizacija i kateheza. U katehezi, koja je odgojno nastojanje, važna je antropološka i kulturalna osjetljivost i odgovarajuća pedagoška dimenzija. Ona teži prema uključivanju mladih u kvalitetno ljudsko i kršćanski znakovito okruženje te promiče osobni poziv i zvanje. Danas se u salezijanskoj praksi kateheza posebno očituje kao priprava na sakramente, odgoj u vjeri, školski vjeronauk i djelovanje katehetskih centara. Glavni su izazovi evangelizacija, poteškoća prihvaćanja mentaliteta itinerarija i projekta, potvrđivanje salezijanske zajednice kao uporišta, inkulturacija kateheze. Važno je osnažiti katehezu u pastoralu mladih, suradnju i dijalog. Valja razvijati katehezu kerigme te moralnu i mistagošku katehezu. Posebnu pažnju zaslužuje formacija katehete, formatora i pratitelja.Der Autor ist der Rat für die Jugendpastoral in der Salesianischen Gesellschaft. In diesem Artikel weist er auf den Platz und die Rolle der Katechese in der salesianischen Jugendpastoral. Dies ist eine durch Gesellschaftsmentalität gekennzeichnete Pastoral und sein Ziel ist das vollständige Wachstum der Jugendlichen. Seine grundlegenden Dimensionen sind Evangelisierung und Katechese. In der Katechese, die Erziehungsbemühen ist, sind auch anthropologische und kulturelle Sensibilität und entsprechende pädagogische Dimension wichtig. Sie strebt nach dem Einschließen der Jugendlichen in die Qualitäts-menschliche und christliche kennzeichnende Umgebung und fördert der persönliche Beruf. Heutzutage offenbart sich die Katechese in der salesianischen Praxis als Vorbereitung für die Sakramente, Erziehung im Glauben, schulischer Religionsunterricht und Wirken der katechetischen Zentren. Die Hauptherausforderungen sind Evangelisierung, Schwierigkeit des Akzeptierens der Mentalität vom Itinerar und Projekt, Bestätigung der Salesianischen Gemeinschaft als Stützpunkt, Inkulturation der Katechese. Es ist wichtig, die Anwesenheit der Katechese in der Jugendpastoral zu stärken, Mitarbeit und Dialog. Katechese der Kerigma wie auch moralische und mystagogische Katechese soll entwickelt werden. Formation des Katecheten, Ausbildners und Begleiters verdient eine besondere Aufmerksamkeit

Community reactions to the economic and social crisis in Spain

Introducción. En un contexto de incremento de las desigualdades y de la pobreza en la sociedad española, donde el desmantelamiento del Estado de Bienestar reduce la posibilidad de encontrar recursos e implementar políticas públicas de reducción de estos efectos; la Sociedad Civil y la ciudadanía desarrollan prácticas resilientes orientadas a satisfacer las necesidades de las comunidades más afectadas por el desempleo y el recorte de servicios sociales. Material y métodos. a) Datos secundarios estadísticos procedentes de organismos y fundaciones; y webs de organizaciones resilientes; b) datos primarios producidos a partir de entrevistas y grupos de discusión. Metodología de análisis de contenido y análisis de discurso. Resultados y discusión. las prácticas resilientes como satisfactores de necesidades, son estructuradas a partir de dos dimensiones adaptación/transformación; dependencia/autonomía. Se observa que estas prácticas cuanto más abstracción presentan (de las necesidades concretas relacionadas con la subsistencia, a las necesidades más intangibles relacionadas con cuestiones simbólicas e identitarias), mayor complejidad en su diseño y organización, y mayor potencia como satisfactor.Introduction. In a context of increasing inequality and poverty in the Spanish society, where the dismantling of the welfare state reduces the chance of finding resources and implement public policies to reduce these effects, civil society and citizens develop resilient practices aimed at satisfying the needs of the communities most affected by unemployment and cuts in social services. Material and methods. a) Secondary data from statistical agencies and foundations, and resilient organizations webs b) raw data produced from interviews and focus groups. Methodology. Content analysis and discourse analysis. Results and discussion. Resilient practices as need satisfiers are structured from two dimensions adaptation/transformation; autonomy/independence. It is noted that the more abstraction (the specific needs related to livelihood, the more intangible needs symbolic and identity-related issues) these practices have, more complex in design and organization, and more power as satisfier are.Los resultados del presente trabajo están integrados en el proyecto de investigación “Civil Engagement in Social Work: Developing Global Models”, subvencionado por el 7º Programa Marco UE. FP7 PEOPLE-2012-IRSES. Grant Agreement Number 318938. Civil Engagement in Social Work: Developing Global Models (CIVIL-SW). PIRSESGA-2012-318938

The intergenerational social mobility and the expectations about the future

La percepción subjetiva de la movilidad social intergeneracional (ascendente, inmóvil o descendente) es un elemento importante para comprender la percepción que los individuos tienen de la sociedad en la que viven. De hecho, es al considerar las expectativas sobre el futuro cuando mejor pueden comprenderse las reacciones sociales en el presente.Los resultados del presente trabajo están integrados en el proyecto de investigación "Civil Engagement in Social Work: Developing Global Models", subvencionado por el 7° Programa Marco UE. FP7 PEOPLE-2012-IRSES. Grant Agreement Number 318938. Civil Engagement in Social Work: Developing Global Models (CNIL-SW). PIRSES-GA-2012-318938

Compliance Level of Patients in a Weight Reduction Program at Tinker Afb Hospital

Occupational and Adult Educatio

Fritz Scholz — Un homenaje con motivo de su anunciada jubilación

[ES] El Profesor Doctor Fritz Scholz (Greifswald University) ha anunciado su jubilación para el próximo año. Este artículo es un homenaje a un químico destacado que ha contribuido de manera notable al desarrollo de la química analítica y al estudio analítico del patrimonio cultural y que ha estado muy estrechamente vinculado al Instututo Universitario de Restauración del Patrimonio.[EN] Professor Doctor Fritz Scholz (Greifswald University) has announced his retirement for the next year. This article is a tribute to an outstanding chemist that has notably contributed to the development of the analytical chemistry and the analytical studies of cultural heritage and has been narrowly linked to the Institut Universitari de Restauració del Patrimoni.Domenech Carbo, A.; Domenech Carbo, MT. (2020). Fritz Scholz — Un homenaje con motivo de su anunciada jubilación. Arché. (13 - 14 - 15):227-230. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/15699422723013 - 14 - 1

Multiple-scan voltammetry and OCP: Archaeometric tools for dating archaeological bronzes

[EN] The application of a multiple-scan strategy to nanosamples taken from 18 cross-sections of Bronze Age arms and armour, as well as two Roman coins using two solid-state electrochemical techniques, the voltammetry of immobilized microparticles (VIMP) and open circuit potential measurements (OCP) is described. The voltammetric responses in contact with aqueous acetate buffer can be attributed to the reduction of cuprite with variable degree of compaction and crystallinity revealing significant differences in the gradient of such properties with depth. Such differences are also revealed by "dry" OCP measurements connecting points in the cross section near and separated from the corrosion layer. The voltammetric study of the metallographic samples of the bronze objects shows correlation with the age of the objects, respectively the period of their deposition. We discuss also (potential) influence of different factors on the VIMP and OCP measurements, such as deposition context (soil, water), chemical composition of the copper alloys, and microstructural features (ascast, annealed, work-hardened), and how to overcome these issues.Project CTQ2017-85317-C2-1-P, supported with Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad (MINECO), Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (ERDF) and Agencia Estatal de Investigacion (AEI), is gratefully acknowledged.Doménech-Carbó, A.; Mödlinger, M.; Domenech Carbo, MT. (2021). Multiple-scan voltammetry and OCP: Archaeometric tools for dating archaeological bronzes. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry. 893:1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115336S1989

Inequality in Education: Evidence for Latin America

This paper provides original empirical evidence on the evolution of education inequality for the Latin American countries over the decades of 1990 and 2000. The analysis covers a wide range of issues on the differences in educational outcomes and opportunities across the population, including inequality in years of education, gaps in school enrolment, wage skill differentials and public social expenditure. The evidence indicates a significant difference between the 1990s and the 2000s in terms of both the assessment of the equity of the education expansion and its impact on the income distribution. In particular, changes in the 2000s seem to have had an equalizing impact on earnings, given the more pro-poor pattern of the education upgrading and a more stable or even increasing relative demand for low-skill labour.Fil: Cruces, Guillermo Antonio. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas. Departamento de Ciencias Económicas. Centro de Estudios Distributivos Laborales y Sociales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: García Domenech, Carolina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas. Departamento de Ciencias Económicas. Centro de Estudios Distributivos Laborales y Sociales; ArgentinaFil: Gasparini, Leonardo Carlos. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas. Departamento de Ciencias Económicas. Centro de Estudios Distributivos Laborales y Sociales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Cation and anion electrochemically assisted solid-state transformations of malachite green

[EN] The possibility of the electrochemical promotion of different solid-to-solid transformations including the performance of successive cation and anion insertion processes has been tested using malachite green, a triphenylmethane dye, in contact with aqueous NaCl electrolyte. Electrochemical data using the voltammetry of microparticles methodology reveal significant differences with the solution phase electrochemistry of the dye. Voltammetric data, combined with atomic force microscopy, focusing ion beam-field emission scanning electron microscopy, and high-resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy permit characterization of the oxidative dissolution, oxidation with anion insertion, reduction with cation insertion and reduction with anion issue processes, whose thermochemical aspects, involving separate ion and electron transport contributions, are discussed.Financial support from the Project CTQ2017-85317-C2-1-P (Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad (MINECO), Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (ERDF) and Agencia Estatal de Investigacion (AEI)), is gratefully acknowledged.Doménech-Carbó, A.; Dias, D.; Domenech Carbo, MT. (2020). Cation and anion electrochemically assisted solid-state transformations of malachite green. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 22(3):1502-1510. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9cp05835dS1502151022

Dating archaeological copper using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Comparison with voltammetry of microparticles dating

[EN] A methodology for dating copper/bronze archaeological objects aged under atmospheric environments using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is described. The method is based on the measurement of resistance associated to the growth of corrosion layers in EIS recorded upon immersion of the pieces in mineral water and applying a bias potential for the reduction of dissolved oxygen. Theoretical expressions for the time variation of such resistance following a potential rate law are presented. Equivalent expressions are derived and applied for estimating the variation of the tenorite/cuprite ratio from their specific voltammetric signals using voltammetry of microparticles data. Calibration curves were constructed from a set of well-documented coins.Financial support from the MEC Projects CTQ2011-28079-CO3-01 and 02 and CTQ2014-53736-C3-2-P which are supported with ERDF funds is gratefully acknowledged.Domenech Carbo, A.; Capelo, S.; Piquero-Cilla, J.; Domenech Carbo, MT.; Barrio, J.; Fuentes, A.; Al Sekhaneh, W. (2016). Dating archaeological copper using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Comparison with voltammetry of microparticles dating. Materials and Corrosion. 67(2):120-129. https://doi.org/10.1002/maco.201408048S120129672Friedman, I., & Smith, R. L. (1960). Part I, The Development of the Method. American Antiquity, 25(4), 476-493. doi:10.2307/276634Reich, S., Leitus, G., & Shalev, S. (2003). Measurement of corrosion content of archaeological lead artifacts by their Meissner response in the superconducting state; a new dating method. New Journal of Physics, 5, 99-99. doi:10.1088/1367-2630/5/1/399Scholz, F., Schröder, U., Meyer, S., Brainina, K. 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