A note on the combustion of blends of diesel and soya, sunflower and rapeseed vegetable oils in a light boiler

Producción CientíficaThis paper deals with the study of the vegetable oils (VO) used as fuel for heating. The properties of sunflower, rape and soya oils are studied and these are compared with the properties of C-diesel fuel (used for heating domestic purposes in Spain). The mixtures of VO and diesel are studied and characterized and, finally, the results of a series of combustion trials of the mixtures in a conventional heating installation with a mechanical pulverization burner are presented. The results show that viscosity of VO limits the use of blends up to 40% of them, and the oxygen present in their structures contributes to an efficiency gai

Combustion of Soya Oil and Diesel Oil Mixtures for Use in Thermal Energy Production

Producción CientíficaIn August 2005, Spain approved the Plan for Renewable Energy Sources for the period 2005-2010 (P.E.R.), including co-combustion installations. Co-combustion in the P.E.R. aims to increase power output by 12,185.3 GWh in five years and shows great interest in studies of the combustion of mixtures of fossil and bio-combustible fuels. This paper presents studies of the co-combustion of soya oil and diesel for thermal heating. The paper begins with a characterization of soya oil as well as mixtures of this oil, with diesel, as fuels. The combustion of the soya oil mixtures and diesel is made in an installation, where the pressure of injection as well as the air volume of the burner can be changed. The obtained results inside to be the environmental average legislation and a greater efficiency of combustion is found. The conclusions show that the use of mixtures of soya oil and Diesel for producing thermal energy in conventional equipment is feasible

La computadora en la educación en el siglo XXI. Un mapeo científico de la literatura en Web of Science

Computers have evolved over the course of history through successive generations. The impact of this technology on society has revolutionised the way we communicate, participate in the political life of a country or access education. The potential of the computer in the field of education has been highlighted by last year's global event. The objective of the study is to analyze the literature on the term computer in the field of education (CoMPU-EdU) in the Web of Science database. for this, a bibliometric methodology based on a scientific mapping of the publications on the state of the question has been used. It has worked with an analysis unit of 10939 documents. The results indicate that research related to "computer" in education is mainly presented in English and in research articles. In addition, the journal with the most manuscripts on this line of research is Computer & Education. The analysis of the scientific evolution of this line of research shows that studies are mainly focused on teaching and learning processes, as well as on students' attitudes towards computer use. It can be concluded that the CoMPU-EdU investigations are currently at an inflection point, given that there is a downward trend, as far as production volume is concerned. The scientific community is beginning to focus its research on other more specific branches of computer, such as augmented reality or robotics. In addition, the scientific production of CoMPU-EdU in the 21th century focuses mainly on the attitudes of the members involved in the pedagogical act, on gender differences, on the elements of the teaching and learning processes - pedagogical methods and evaluation - and in the attention of students with special educational needs. Probably in the future the lines of research will begin to focus on self-regulation of learning, computational-thinking and gamificationLas computadoras han evolucionado a lo largo de la historia a través de generaciones sucesivas. El impacto de esta tecnología en la sociedad ha revolucionado la forma en que nos comunicamos, participamos en la vida política de un país o accedemos a la educación. El potencial de la computadora en el campo de la educación ha sido destacado por el evento global del año pasado. El objetivo del estudio es analizar la literatura sobre el término informática en el campo de la educación (CoMPU-EdU) en la base de datos de Web of Science. Para ello se ha utilizado una metodología bibliométrica basada en un mapeo científico de las publicaciones sobre el estado de la cuestión. ha trabajado con una unidad de análisis de 10939 documentos. Los resultados indican que la investigación relacionada con la "computadora" en la educación se presenta principalmente en inglés y en artículos de investigación. Además, la revista con más manuscritos en esta línea de investigación es Computer & Education. El análisis de la evolución científica de esta línea de investigación muestra que los estudios se centran principalmente en los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje, así como en las actitudes de los estudiantes hacia el uso de la computadora. Se puede concluir que las investigaciones CoMPU-EdU se encuentran actualmente en un punto de inflexión, dado que existe una tendencia a la baja, en lo que se refiere al volumen de producción. La comunidad científica empieza a centrar su investigación en otras ramas más específicas de la informática, como la realidad aumentada o la robótica. Además, la producción científica de CoMPU-EdU en el siglo XXI se centra principalmente en las actitudes de los integrantes involucrados en el acto pedagógico, en las diferencias de género, en los elementos de los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje - métodos pedagógicos y de evaluación - y en la atención de alumnos con necesidades educativas especiales. Probablemente en el futuro las líneas de investigación comiencen a centrarse en la autorregulación del aprendizaje, el pensamiento computacional y la gamificació

Effects of saline reclaimed waters and deficit irrigation on Citrus physiology assessed by UAV remote sensing

The aim of our research was to discover the effects of the long-term irrigation with saline reclaimed (RW) and transfer (TW) water and different irrigation strategies: control (C) and regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) on yield and fruit quality of grapefruit at harvest and during cold storage. TW-RDI treatment decreased tree canopy (TC) and crop load, resulting in a 21% reduction of fruit yield. Regarding fruit quality, RW notably decreased peel thickness at harvest (about 8%); however, this difference was not remained during cold storage. Sugar/acid ratio was mainly increased by RDI, but also by RW, due to an important increase in soluble solid content (11% of average value for TW-RDI, RW-C and RW-RDI). In addition, RDI combined with RW, significantly increased the number of fruits in small category 5 at the end of cold storage. Finally, neither ratio yield/TC nor irrigation water productivity were affected by any irrigation treatments.This study was supported by two CICYT (AGL2010-17553 and AGL2013-49047-C2-482 515 2-R) projects and SIRRIMED (KBBE-2009-1- 2-03, PROPOSAL N◦245159) 483 project. We are also grateful to SENECA–Excelencia Científica (19903/GERM/15) for 484 providing funds for this research

Multi-objective test case prioritization in highly configurable systems: A case study

Test case prioritization schedules test cases for execution in an order that attempts to accelerate the detection of faults. The order of test cases is determined by prioritization objectives such as covering code or critical components as rapidly as possible. The importance of this technique has been recognized in the context of Highly-Configurable Systems (HCSs), where the potentially huge number of configurations makes testing extremely challenging. However, current approaches for test case prioritization in HCSs suffer from two main limitations. First, the prioritization is usually driven by a single objective which neglects the potential benefits of combining multiple criteria to guide the detection of faults. Second, instead of using industry-strength case studies, evaluations are conducted using synthetic data, which provides no information about the effectiveness of different prioritization objectives. In this paper, we address both limitations by studying 63 combinations of up to three prioritization objectives in accelerating the detection of faults in the Drupal framework. Results show that non–functional properties such as the number of changes in the features are more effective than functional metrics extracted from the configuration model. Results also suggest that multi-objective prioritization typically results in faster fault detection than mono-objective prioritization.CICYT TIN2012-32273CICYT TIN2015-70560-RJunta de Andalucía P12-TIC- 186

Atherogenic index of plasma is associated with the severity of Hidradenitis Suppurativa: a case-control study

Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with several comorbidities and vascular risk factors, such as dyslipidemia. The present study aimed to assess the possible associations between the lipid profile and atherogenic indexes and the severity of HS. Methods: This case-control study enrolled 78 HS patients and 62 healthy controls. Classic lipid profile and lipoprotein ratios, including the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), were evaluated. The severity of HS was measured by the HS Physician Global Assessment (PGA). Results: HS-patients had lower serum total cholesterol and HDL-C levels and higher AIP than the control group. AIP was positively correlated to BMI, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, LDL-C, triglycerides, non-HDL-C, ApoB, HOMA, and hs-CRP and negatively to HDL-C and ApoA1. For the overall lipid profile, only AIP was related to a more severe HS (PGA ? 3) after controlling for age, sex, BMI, insulin resistance (IR), active smoking, and statin use (r = 0.268; p = 0.023). Multiple logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, BMI, IR, smoking status and statin use, showed that AIP ? 0.11 was significantly associated with the severity of HS (OR, 4.38; CI 95%, 1.09-17.50; p = 0.037). Conclusions: In conclusion, these results showed that AIP is significantly and independently associated with HS severity

Object-Based Image Classification of Summer Crop with Machine Learning Methods

The strategic management of agricultural lands involves crop field monitoring each year. Crop discrimination via remote sensing is a complex task, especially if different crops have a similar spectral response and cropping pattern. In such cases, crop identification could be improved by combining object-based image analysis and advanced machine learning methods. In this investigation, we evaluated the C4.5 decision tree, logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM) and multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network methods, both as single classifiers and combined in a hierarchical classification, for the mapping of nine major summer crops (both woody and herbaceous) from ASTER satellite images captured in two different dates. Each method was built with different combinations of spectral and textural features obtained after the segmentation of the remote images in an object-based framework. As single classifiers, MLP and SVM obtained maximum overall accuracy of 88%, slightly higher than LR (86%) and notably higher than C4.5 (79%). The SVM+SVM classifier (best method) improved these results to 89%. In most cases, the hierarchical classifiers considerably increased the accuracy of the most poorly classified class (minimum sensitivity). The SVM+SVM method offered a significant improvement in classification accuracy for all of the studied crops compared to the conventional decision tree classifier, ranging between 4% for safflower and 29% for corn, which suggests the application of object-based image analysis and advanced machine learning methods in complex crop classification tasks.This research was partly financed by the TIN2011-22794 project of the Spanish Ministerial Commission of Science and Technology (MICYT), FEDER funds, the P2011-TIC-7508 project of the “Junta de Andalucía” (Spain) and the Kearney Foundation of Soil Science (USA). The research of Peña was co-financed by the Fulbright-MEC postdoctoral program, financed by the Spanish Ministry for Science and Innovation, and by the JAEDoc Program, supported by CSIC and FEDER funds. ASTER data were available to us through a NASA EOS scientific investigator affiliation.We acknowledge support by the CSIC Open Access Publication Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI).Peer Reviewe

Fractura-Luxación de Monteggia en el Adulto: tratamiento con clavo cerrojado

Las lesiones traumáticas del antebrazo son cada día más frecuentes. Una variante tradicionalmente conocida como de Monteggia ofrece la particularidad en el adulto de la controversia en el tratamiento entre el yeso, la placa a compresión o el enclavado endomedular. En un intento de mejora de resultados hemos testado clínicamente un nuevo clavo cerrojado para el cúbito. Se han seguido prospectivamente 7 pacientes afectos de fractura de Monteggia durante un año como mínimo y dos como promedio. Todos los pacientes consolidaron sus fracturas en un plazo inferior a 4 meses, con un promedio de 2.5 meses. Siguiendo la cotación propia de los autores se han encontrado 3 buenos y 4 muy buenos resultados. La sencillez y la bondad del método hace aconsejable su uso extensivo a las fracturas diafisarias de cúbito.Traumatic lesions of the forearm are increasingly common. One variant of these, traditionally known as Monteggia fracture, has the particularity in adults of displaying controversy with respect to whethe r it should be treated with plaster, a compression plate or endomedullary nailing. In an attempt to improve the results, the authors tested clinically a new locking nail for the ulna. Seven patients with Monteggia fractures wer e followed over a minimum their fractures in less than 4 months, with a mean of 2.5 months. Following the authors' rating, 3 patients had good and 4 patients very good results. The simplicity and suitability of the method counsel its extensive us e in diaphyseal fractures of the ulna

Involvement of cannabinoid signaling in vincristine-induced gastrointestinal dysmotility in the rat

[Background]: In different models of paralytic ileus, cannabinoid receptors are overexpressed and endogenous cannabinoids are massively released, contributing to gastrointestinal dysmotility. The antitumoral drug vincristine depresses gastrointestinal motility and a similar mechanism could participate in this effect. Therefore, our aim was to determine, using CB and CB antagonists, whether an increased endocannabinoid tone is involved in vincristine-induced gastrointestinal ileus. [Methods]: First, we confirmed the effects of vincristine on the gut mucosa, by conventional histological techniques, and characterized its effects on motility, by radiographic means. Conscious male Wistar rats received an intraperitoneal injection of vincristine (0.1-0.5 mg/kg), and barium sulfate (2.5 ml; 2 g/ml) was intragastrically administered 0, 24, or 48 h later. Serial X-rays were obtained at different time-points (0-8 h) after contrast. X-rays were used to build motility curves for each gastrointestinal region and determine the size of stomach and caecum. Tissue samples were taken for histology 48 h after saline or vincristine (0.5 mg/kg). Second, AM251 (a CB receptor antagonist) and AM630 (a CB receptor antagonist) were used to determine if CB and/or CB receptors are involved in vincristine-induced gastrointestinal dysmotility. [Key results]: Vincristine induced damage to the mucosa of ileum and colon and reduced gastrointestinal motor function at 0.5 mg/kg. The effect on motor function was particularly evident when the study started 24 h after administration. AM251, but not AM630, significantly prevented vincristine effect, particularly in the small intestine, when administered thrice. AM251 alone did not significantly alter gastrointestinal motility. [Conclusions]: The fact that AM251, but not AM630, is capable of reducing the effect of vincristine suggests that, like in other experimental models of paralytic ileus, an increased cannabinoid tone develops and is at least partially responsible for the alterations induced by the antitumoral drug on gastrointestinal motor function. Thus, CB1 antagonists might be useful to prevent/treat ileus induced by vincristine.This work was supported by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (SAF2009-12422-C02-01, SAF2012-40075-C02-01), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos—Comunidad de Madrid (URJC-CM-2006-BIO-0604) and Comunidad de Madrid (S-SAL/0261/2006; S2010/BMD-2308).Peer Reviewe