Central obesity and hyperglicemia affect the increase of plasma concentrations of the DPP-4

Orientador: Bruno Geloneze NetoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências MédicasResumo: Objetivo: O principal objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as relações das concentrações enzimáticas da DPP-4 com adiposidade e o grau de tolerância à glicose. Métodos: Foram avaliados 227 indivíduos (Mulheres: 64,8% Homens: 35,2%) de ambos os sexos, 73 indivíduos com DM2, com idade entre 18-80 anos e com IMC entre 18,5 a 47 kg/m². Os indivíduos foram divididos em 4 grupos: Não Obesos Normoglicêmicos (nOb-NG), Não Obesos Hiperglicêmico (nOb-HG), Obesos Normoglicêmicos (Ob-NG) e Obesos Hiperglicêmicos ( Ob-HG). Foram considerados obesos indivíduos com IMC>30 e hiperglicêmicos HbA1c >6,0. Resultados: Observamos um aumento na concentração da DPP-4 no grupo de Ob-HG (p>0,05), comparado à outros três grupos (nOb-NG, nOb-HG e Ob-NG); houve correlação positiva entre a concentração da DPP-4 e HbA1c (p>0,05), nos grupos separados em: Não Obesos, Obesos, Normoglicêmicos e hiperglicêmicos; entre as mulheres, a concentração de DPP-4 teve correlação negativa (p 30 and hyperglycemic A1c> 6,0. Results: We reported an increased enzymatic concentration of DPP-4 in Ob-HG group (p> 0.05) compared to the other three groups (NG-NOB, NOB and Ob-HG-NG); a positive correlation was found between concentration of DPP -4 and HbA1c (p> 0.05) in groups: not obese, obese, normoglycemic and hyperglycemic; among women, the concentration of DPP-4 had a negative correlation (p <0.05) and hip and thigh circumferences; positive correlation (p <0.05) with neck-to-thigh and waist-to-thigh ratio; among men, the concentration of DPP-4 had a negative correlation with lean mass. Conclusions: obese patients with hyperglycemia have higher concentrations of DPP-4 compared with normoglycemic lean or obese individuals. There is an association between the centripetal distribution of body fat and increasing concentrations of DPP-4, whose mechanisms remain unclear. Our work provides pathophysiological bases for treatment of T2DM based on inhibition of DPP-4 confirming findings of randomized clinical trials and clinical practice. In fact, incretin-based therapies, in particular the inhibition of DPP-4, has proven effective in the treatment of T2DMMestradoClinica MedicaMestre em Clinica Medic

Níveis séricos da proteína carreadora do retinol 4 em mulheres com diferentes níveis de adiposidade e tolerância à glicose

Objective Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is an adipokine responsible for vitamin A (retinol) transportation. Studies associated RBP4 increased levels with severity of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and insulin resistance (IR). The study aimed to quantify RBP4 serum standards in women with a wide range of body mass index (BMI) and glucose tolerance level. Subjects and methods: Cross-sectional study was performed with 139 women divided into three groups: Group 1 (lean-control, n = 45) and Group 2 (obese, n = 53) with normal glucose tolerance and group 3 (obese with T2DM, n = 41), called G1, G2 and G3. Were assessed clinical, biochemical, anthropometric and body composition parameters. Results According to data analysis, we obtained in G1 higher RBP4 levels (104.8 ± 76.8 ng/mL) when compared to G2 (87.9 ± 38 ng/mL) and G3 (72.2 ± 15.6 ng/mL) levels. Also, were found: in G1 positive correlations of RBP4 with BMI (r = 0.253), glycated hemoglobin (r = 0.378) and fasting insulin (r = 0.336); in G2 with glycated hemoglobin (r = 0.489); in G3 with glycated hemoglobin (r = 0.330), fasting glucose (r = 0.463), HOMA-IR (r = 0.481). Conclusions Although RBP4 have shown lower levels in diabetic and obese, a strong correlation with HOMA-IR index highlights that, in our study, there is growing IR when there is an increasing in RBP4 levels587709714COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPsem informaçãoObjetivo A proteína carreadora do retinol 4 (RBP4) é uma adipocina responsável pelo transporte de vitamina A (retinol). Estudos associam os níveis aumentados de RBP4 com a gravidade do diabetes melito tipo 2 (DM2) e resistência à insulina (RI). O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar como esses níveis se comportam em mulheres com ampla variação do índice de massa corporal (IMC) e tolerância à glicose. Sujeitos e métodos: Estudo transversal realizado com 139 mulheres, divididas em três grupos: Grupo 1 (controles-magras; n = 45) e Grupo 2 (obesas; n = 53), com tolerância normal à glicose; Grupo 3 (obesas DM2; n = 41), denominados G1, G2 e G3. Foram avaliados parâmetros clínicos, bioquímicos, antropométricos e composição corporal. Resultados De acordo com a análise dos dados, obtivemos em G1 maiores níveis de RBP4 (104,8 ± 76,8 ng/mL) em comparação ao G2 (87,9 ± 38 ng/mL) e G3 (72,2 ± 15,6 ng/mL). Também foram encontradas correlações positivas entre RBP4 e IMC (r = 0,253), hemoglobina glicada (r = 0,378) e insulinemia de jejum (r = 0,336); em G2 com hemoglobina glicada (r = 0,489); G3 com hemoglobina glicada (r = 0,330), insulinemia de jejum (r = 0,463) e HOMA-IR (r = 0,481). Conclusões Embora a RBP4 tenha apresentado níveis menores em pacientes diabéticas e obesas, a forte correlação com o índice HOMA-IR deixa claro que, em nosso estudo, há crescente RI quando os níveis dessa proteína também são crescente

EVALUACIÓN DE LA POBLACIÓN DE Athyonidium chilensis Y PARÁMETROS FÍSICO-QUÍMICOS EN PLAYITA BRAVA TACNA

El presente artículo responde a un proyecto de investigación cuyo objetivo general fue evaluar la población de la&nbsp;holoturia pepino de mar (Athyonidium chilensis) así como medir, de acuerdo a los métodos estándar de la AWWA, los&nbsp;parámetros físico-químicos y biológicos de la zona de Playita Brava del litoral de Tacna.Se llegó a la conclusión de que existe una dispersión en la población de holoturia pepino de mar (Athyonidium&nbsp;chilensis) en la zona donde se desarrolló el estudio, determinándose que no hay una correlación entre su longitud y su&nbsp;peso (variables dependientes); en consecuencia, se trata de una población variable. Por otro lado, los parámetros&nbsp;físico-químicos están dentro del rango permisible para el desarrollo de holoturia pepino de mar; sin embargo, el factor&nbsp;físico de temperatura presenta una anomalía térmica de hasta 2°C según se observó en el muestreo realizado el&nbsp;19/05/14, y de 1°C en el muestreo del 04/06/14. Por último, en base a referencias del año 2013 (Informe Envirolab&nbsp;Perú S.A.C.), el fitoplancton presente en Playita Brava está compuesto por divisiones como Bacyllarophyta,&nbsp;Pyrrofhyta, Chrysophita y Euglenophyta, destacando los géneros Lephoylinchus discus (20 cel/l) y Navicula (22&nbsp;cel/l); en cuanto al zooplancton, destaca el Phyllum Artropoda, dando 5 y 100 organismos/muestra respectivamente&nbsp;en 5 litros

Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Plays A Beneficial Effect On Subclinical Atherosclerosis In Young Survivors Of Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between body composition, metabolic profile, adipokines, and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in young survivors of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). This cross-sectional study compared 55 ALL survivors, of chronological age between 15 years and 24 years, assigned into two groups according to the exposure to cranial radiation therapy (CRT; 25 irradiated and 30 nonirradiated) with 24 leukemia-free controls, and assessed body fat mass (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), computed tomography scan-derived abdominal adipose tissue, lipid profile, blood pressure (BP), adipokines, and cIMT by a multiple regression analysis. Treatment with CRT had an effect on all of the variables derived from the computed tomography scan: visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) (P<0.050). In a multiple linear regression model, cIMT positively correlated with exposure to CRT (P=0.029), diastolic BP (P=0.016), and leptin-to-adiponectin ratio (P=0.048), while negatively related to SAT (P=0.007). In young survivors of childhood ALL, CRT modified the distribution of fat and played a critical role in determining cIMT. Leptin-to-adiponectin ratio, a biomarker of abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome, and diastolic BP also influenced cIMT, a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis. Nonetheless, adiposity-associated vascular disease might be attenuated by SAT. Changes in body fat must be evaluated in this group of patients in the early course of survivorship in order to avoid premature cardiovascular disease associated with atherosclerosis. Yet, further research as regards the possible protective effect of SAT on vascular disease is warranted.11479-48

Adiponectinemia e indicadores fisiológicos em adolescentes obesos asmáticos e não-asmáticos

Background: Considered a public health problem, obesity has been cited as a risk factor for the development of asthma. Thus, the overweight has influence on the smooth muscle function and induce systemic inflammation of the airways through the adipocytokines. Although adiponectin is considered an antiinflammatory cytokine, since their concentrations decrease in obesity. The literature has show minimal evidence of this behavior before adipocytokine factors involved in the relationship of obesity and asthma. Thus, the present study aimed to analyze the behavior of adiponectinemia responses and physiological parameters in obese asthmatics and non-asthmatics. Methods: Participated 15 obese adolescents (six asthmatics and nine non-asthmatics), submitted anthropometric measurements, cardiorrespiratory, spirometric and laboratory. The diagnosis of asthma has been through clinical history and ISAAC questionnaire, and obesity as BMI above the 95th percentile. We used the bronchoprovocation test with exercise for assessing exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB). Results: There was difference in % Fall FEV1(P=0.034) among obese asthmatics and non-asthmatics. For obese asthmatics, the coefficient of determination(R2) demonstrated effect of adiponectin with SBP (r=-0.512, R2=0.105), HDL (r=+0.659, R2=0.292),glucose (r=-0.599; R2=0.199), glucose120 (r=-0.686, R2=0.338), insulin120 (r=-0.614, R2=0.221), Absolute VO2max (r=+0.518, R2=0.086), VO2max Relative FFM (r=+0.585; R2=0.178) and % FEV1 (r=+0.580,R2=0.171). In obese non-asthmatics were effects of adiponectin with insulin (r=-0.731, R2 =0.525), HOMAIR(r=-0.684, R2=0.469), QUICKI (r=+0.683, R2=0.535) and VO2max Relative FFM (r=+0.654, R2=0.346).Conclusion: There were likely effects of adiponectinemia responses with physiological indicators associated with overweight and low cardiorespiratory fitness in obese asthmatics and non-asthmatics. Furthermore,for the obese asthmatic adiponectinemia demonstrated a possible effect relationship with %FEV1.Introdução: Considerada um problema de saúde pública, a obesidade tem sido referida como fator de risco para o desenvolvimento da asma. Assim, o excesso de peso apresenta influencia sobre a função da musculatura lisa e induz a inflamação sistêmica das vias aéreas por intermédio das adipocitocinas. Embora a adiponectina seja considerada uma citocina de caráter anti-inflamatório, uma vez que, suas concentrações decrescem na obesidade. A literatura tem demonstrado mínimas evidências do comportamento dessa adipocitocina perante os fatores envolvidos na relação de obesidade e asma. Desse modo, o presente estudo visou analisar o comportamento das respostas de adiponectinemia e parâmetros fisiológicos em adolescentes obesos asmáticos e não-asmáticos. Métodos: Participaram 15 adolescentes obesos (seis asmáticos e nove não-asmáticos), submetidos a avaliação antropométrica, cardiorrespiratória, espirométrica e laboratorial. O diagnóstico de asma foi através de histórico clínico e questionário ISAAC, e a obesidade pelo IMC acima do percentil 95th. Utilizou-se o teste de broncoprovocação com exercício físico para avaliação do broncoespasmo induzido pelo exercício (BIE). Resultados: Verificou-se diferença do % Queda VEF1 (p=0,034) entre os obesos asmáticos e não-asmáticos. Para o obesos asmáticos, o coeficiente de determinação (R2) demonstrou efeito da adiponectina com a PAS(r=-0,512;R2=0,105); HDL (r=+0,659;R2=0,292), glicemia (r=-0,599;R2=0,199), glicemia120 (r=-&gt;0,686;R2=0,338), insulina120 (r=-0,614;R2=0,221), VO2máx Absoluto (r=+0,518;R2=0,086), VO2máx Relativo MLG (r=+0,585;R2=0,178) e %VEF1 (r=+0,580;R2=0,171). Nos obesos não-asmáticos houve efeitos da adiponectina com a insulina (r=-0,731;R2=0,525), HOMA-IR (r=-0,684;R2=0,469), QUICKI(r=+0,683;R2=0,535) e VO2máx Relativo MLG (r=+0,654;R2=0,346). Conclusão: Verificaram-se prováveis efeitos das respostas de adiponectinemia com os parâmetros fisiológicos associados ao excesso de peso e o baixo nível de aptidão cardiorrespiratória em obesos asmáticos e não-asmáticos. Além disso, para os obesos asmáticos a adiponectinemia demonstrou um possível efeito de relação com o %VEF1

EpIG‐DB: A database of vascular epiphyte assemblages in the Neotropics

Vascular epiphytes are a diverse and conspicuous component of biodiversity in tropical and subtropical forests. Yet, the patterns and drivers of epiphyte assemblages are poorly studied in comparison with soil‐rooted plants. Current knowledge about diversity patterns of epiphytes mainly stems from local studies or floristic inventories, but this information has not yet been integrated to allow a better understanding of large‐scale distribution patterns. EpIG‐DB, the first database on epiphyte assemblages at the continental scale, resulted from an exhaustive compilation of published and unpublished inventory data from the Neotropics. The current version of EpIG‐DB consists of 463,196 individual epiphytes from 3,005 species, which were collected from a total of 18,148 relevés (host trees and ‘understory’ plots). EpIG‐DB reports the occurrence of ‘true’ epiphytes, hemiepiphytes and nomadic vines, including information on their cover, abundance, frequency and biomass. Most records (97%) correspond to sampled host trees, 76% of them aggregated in forest plots. The data is stored in a TURBOVEG database using the most up‐to‐date checklist of vascular epiphytes. A total of 18 additional fields were created for the standardization of associated data commonly used in epiphyte ecology (e.g. by considering different sampling methods). EpIG‐DB currently covers six major biomes across the whole latitudinal range of epiphytes in the Neotropics but welcomes data globally. This novel database provides, for the first time, unique biodiversity data on epiphytes for the Neotropics and unified guidelines for future collection of epiphyte data. EpIG‐DB will allow exploration of new ways to study the community ecology and biogeography of vascular epiphytes

Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density

Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals &lt;1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data

Animal model of <it>Mycoplasma fermentans</it> respiratory infection

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Mycoplasma fermentans</it> has been associated with respiratory, genitourinary tract infections and rheumatoid diseases but its role as pathogen is controversial. The purpose of this study was to probe that <it>Mycoplasma fermentans</it> is able to produce respiratory tract infection and migrate to several organs on an experimental infection model in hamsters. One hundred and twenty six hamsters were divided in six groups (A-F) of 21 hamsters each. Animals of groups A, B, C were intratracheally injected with one of the mycoplasma strains: <it>Mycoplasma fermentans</it> P 140 (wild strain), <it>Mycoplasma fermentans</it> PG 18 (type strain) or <it>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</it> Eaton strain. Groups D, E, F were the negative, media, and sham controls. Fragments of trachea, lungs, kidney, heart, brain and spleen were cultured and used for the histopathological study. U frequency test was used to compare recovery of mycoplasmas from organs.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Mycoplasmas were detected by culture and PCR. The three mycoplasma strains induced an interstitial pneumonia; they also migrated to several organs and persisted there for at least 50 days. <it>Mycoplasma fermentans</it> P 140 induced a more severe damage in lungs than <it>Mycoplasma fermentans</it> PG 18. <it>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</it> produced severe damage in lungs and renal damage.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p><it>Mycoplasma fermentans</it> induced a respiratory tract infection and persisted in different organs for several weeks in hamsters. This finding may help to explain the ability of <it>Mycoplasma fermentans</it> to induce pneumonia and chronic infectious diseases in humans.</p