Social representations of municipal counselors regarding social control in health in the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS)

Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar as representações sociais dos conselheiros municipais de saúde acerca do controle social em saúde. Foram realizadas 60 entrevistas com os conselheiros de dezenove municípios da Região Integrada do Distrito Federal e Entorno (RIDE-DF). A análise foi feita com o software Analyse Lexicale par Context d' um Essemble de Segments de Texte (ALCESTE) que apreendeu dois eixos temáticos: o primeiro, que trata das fragilidades dos conselhos de saúde, constituídas por quatro classes (as limitações no poder de decisão, a burocratização das práticas cotidianas, as fragilidades da participação social; as limitações na prática da representação); e o segundo, que trata do sistema de saúde na RIDE-DF, constituído por apenas uma classe que expressa à precária organização da atenção à saúde na RIDE-DF. A representação social do controle com foco na participação social parece ser constrangida por um ritual – o da burocratização das políticas e práticas nos conselhos. Essa forma de organização e funcionamento dos conselhos, hierarquizada e burocratizada, ancoradas em modelos de gestão centralizadora, têm distanciado os conselheiros das discussões sobre as necessidades de saúde, voltados para a construção de Projeto de Saúde coletivos.This study seeks to analyze the social representations of municipal health counselors regarding social control in health. Sixty interviews were conducted with counselors of nineteen counties within the Integrated Federal District Region and Surrounding Areas (RIDE-DF). Data analysis was conducted with the use of French Alceste software, which included two thematic groups. The first dealt with the weaknesses of health councils, consisting of four categories: limitations in decision-making powers, bureaucratization of everyday practices, weaknesses in social participation and limitations in the practice of representation. The second dealt with the health system in RIDE-DF, consisting of only one category that expresses the precarious organization of health care in RIDE-DF. Social representation of social control, with a focus on social participation appears to be constrained by a ritual, namely the bureaucratization of policies and practices in the councils. This form of hierarchical and bureaucratic organization and operation of the council, based on a centralizing management model, has distanced the counselors from discussing health needs geared to the construction of public Health Projects

Analysis of the parliamentary amendments to the Mais Médicos Program : the medical training model in dispute

Pesquisa documental qualiquantitativa que analisa o processo legislativo e atos normativos do Programa Mais Médicos. O estudo categoriza 575 emendas apresentadas e as alterações na Medida Provisória. Evidencia o conjunto dos interesses e disputas envolvidos no processo, seja aperfeiçoando ou desvirtuando. Ressalta os confrontos nas emendas que atendem a interesses corporativos e aquelas aliadas ao princípio constitucional da universalidade, resultando em mudanças principalmente no Capítulo da Formação Médica. Conclui que a polêmica e o acirramento entre posições ideológicas não comprometeram a iniciativa governamental de diminuir a carência de médicos e fixá-los em áreas prioritárias do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS).Qualitative-quantitative documentary research, which aimed to analyze the Mais Médicos (More Doctors) Program legislative process and normative acts. The study categorizes the 575 amendments submitted and the changes in the Provisional Measure. It shows the set of interests and disputes involved in the process, resulting in changes mainly in the Medical Education Chapter. It highlights the clashes in the amendments that serve corporate interests and those allied to the constitutional principle of universal health. It concludes that the controversy, interests and dispute among ideological positions did not compromise the governmental initiative to reduce the shortage of doctors for the Public Health System (SUS)

Major clinical results of orthognathic surgery and maxillomandibular advancement in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: a concise systematic review

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea involves obstruction or narrowing of an individual's airway during sleep and is associated with several comorbidities. Management can be surgical or nonsurgical, and Phase II of the Stanford Protocol for surgical management involves maxillomandibular advancement. Objective: It was to carry out a concise systematic review to present the main considerations and clinical results of orthognathic surgery in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Methods: The systematic review rules of the PRISMA Platform were followed. The research was carried out from September to November 2022 in Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: A total of 270 articles were found, 47 articles were evaluated and 23 were included in this systematic review. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 35 studies at high risk of bias and 125 studies that did not meet the GRADE. Most studies showed homogeneity in their results, with I2 =95.9% >50%. Maxillomandibular advancement surgery is a successful treatment for obstructive sleep apnea, but there are still concerns about the aesthetic results due to the great advances involved. The bimaxillary advancement osteotomy significantly increases the oropharyngeal volume and constricted surface areas, which remains stable between 6 months to 1 year postoperatively

Hitchhiking Trypanosoma cruzi minicircle DNA affects gene expression in human host cells via LINE-1 retrotransposon

The horizontal transfer of Trypanosoma cruzi mitochondrial minicircle DNA to the genomes of naturally infected humans may play an important role in the pathogenesis of Chagas disease. Minicircle integrations within LINE-1 elements create the potential for foreign DNA mobility within the host genome via the machinery associated with this retrotransposon. Here we document integration of minicircle DNA fragments in clonal human macrophage cell lines and their mobilization over time. The movement of an integration event in a clonal transfected cell line was tracked at three months and three years post-infection. The minicircle sequence integrated into a LINE-1 retrotransposon; one such foreign fragment subsequently relocated to another genomic location in association with associated LINE-1 elements. The p15 locus was altered at three years as a direct effect of minicircle/LINE-1 acquisition, resulting in elimination of p15 mRNA. Here we show for the first time a molecular pathology stemming from mobilization of a kDNA/LINE-1 mutation. These genomic changes and detected transcript variations are consistent with our hypothesis that minicircle integration is a causal component of parasite-independent, autoimmune-driven lesions seen in the heart and other target tissues associated with Chagas disease

O surgimento dos compassos compostos a partir dos simples com a utilização de série convergente e progressão geométrica / The emergence of compound bars from simple bars with the use of convergent series and geometric progression

O presente artigo aborda um estudo da matemática na partitura musical nos compassos compostos para mostrar a relação entre música e matemática a partir de série convergente e progressão geométrica (PG). A razão que leva a essa proposta do manuscrito, provém do fato que os símbolos que representam as notas musicais nos compassos simples binário, ternário e quaternário guardam entre si sequência convergente de valores 2, 3 e 4, respectivamente. Usar-se-ão esses fatores numéricos com intuito de obter os compassos compostos onde a partir dos simples e com a utilização de série convergente e PG, surgem os compassos compostos muito utilizados na área musical. Nesse sentido, os compassos compostos obedecem, da mesma maneira, sequencias matemáticas convergentes para valores 2, 3 e 4, o que leva a considerar um estudo para a área de ensino em matemática e música, visto que essa relação se torna relevante para contextualizar esses conhecimentos e ao mesmo tempo considerar a interdisciplinaridade entre as duas áreas. Outra questão de interesse nesse estudo é a inserção de conteúdos de PG utilizada nos compassos compostos obtidos através de reagrupamento de termos das séries de compassos simples. Desta forma, comprova-se a convergência prevista pela série de Cauchy que conduzem aos valores 2, 3 e 4, e a comprovação da partitura musical com a matemática. Conclui-se a pesquisa verificando que após utilização das séries convergentes, aplicam-se as PGs para comprovar os valores dos compassos simples e compostos, o que mostra que a matemática tem na essência, uma significância e aplicação na determinação dos compassos com destaque nas chamadas séries convergente e nas PGs

Avaliação da fosfatase alcalina óssea e hepática em gatos com tirotoxicose induzida

Thyrotoxicosis, characterized by excessive serum levels of thyroid hormones, can cause serious effects in bone metabolism, elevating the total alkaline phosphatase, which is a frequent laboratorial alteration observed in feline hyperthyroidism. A rise in total serum levels of alkaline phosphatase can be caused by different isoenzymes, and in human hyperthyroidism, bone and hepatic isoenzymes are commonly increased. After serum biochemical evaluation of eight cats with induced thyrotoxicosis and associated elevation of alkaline phosphatase, the present paper shows a significant elevation of bone isoenzyme serum levels when compared with hepatic isoenzyme. It was possible to conclude that bone metabolism alterations were the main responsible for the increase of serum alkaline phosphatase in cats with induced thyrotoxicosis.A tirotoxicose é caracterizada pelas excessivas concentrações séricas dos hormônios tiroidianos, podendo desencadear graves alterações no metabolismo ósseo, sendo a elevação da fosfatase alcalina total uma alteração laboratorial freqüentemente observada no hipertiroidismo felino. O aumento global dos níveis séricos de fosfatase alcalina pode ser decorrente de diferentes isoenzimas e, no caso do hipertiroidismo em humanos, as isoenzimas de origem óssea e hepática apresentam-se comumente elevadas. A partir da avaliação da bioquímica sérica de oito gatos com tirotoxicose induzida e elevação da fosfatase alcalina associada, o presente trabalho demonstra um aumento significativamente maior dos níveis séricos da fosfatase alcalina de origem óssea quando comparado com a isoenzima de origem hepática. Conclui-se que as alterações no metabolismo ósseo foram as principais responsáveis pelo aumento da fosfatase alcalina nos gatos com tirotoxicose induzida

A Utilização dos Símbolos Musicais para o Ensino de Matemática / The Use of Musical Symbols for Teaching Mathematics

O presente artigo aborda um estudo para o Ensino da Matemática com ênfase nas operações fundamentais, no conjunto dos números racionais e nos conhecimentos de exponenciais, logaritmos e progressão geométrica. Para o desenvolvimento do trabalho, utiliza-se como recurso pedagógico tendo como os símbolos de notas musicais para mostrar as operações envolvendo frações próprias, improprias e aparente. Verifica-se que o artigo aborda diferentes conteúdo do ensino básico para um melhor entendimento da relação existente entre a partitura musical e a Matemática com utilização de princípios musicais e conceitos matemáticos. A teoria se concentra em compassos binário, ternário e quaternário e na fórmula que abrange a partitura musical com os diferentes símbolos intrínsecos em cada compasso. Cada símbolo musical possui um valor temporal que possui relação entre símbolos e que podem ser expressos na forma exponencial ou logarítmica. Dessa maneira o artigo tem como resultado  um entendimento acessível da relação entre a música e a matemática que tem como ênfase uma melhor compreensão e da maneira como pode ser aplicada os valores dos símbolos e da partitura em diferentes compassos e ainda dos elementos essenciais e necessários envolvendo os conceitos matemáticos na  possibilidade de uma  a compreensão de problemas que envolvem os princípios básicos de música com os conteúdos de equações exponencial, logarítmicas, progressão geométrica,  frações e outras operações que envolve o tempo de cada nota musical

Effect of High vs Low Doses of Chloroquine Diphosphate as Adjunctive Therapy for Patients Hospitalized With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

There is no specific antiviral therapy recommended for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In vitro studies indicate that the antiviral effect of chloroquine diphosphate (CQ) requires a high concentration of the drug.To evaluate the safety and efficacy of 2 CQ dosages in patients with severe COVID-19. This parallel, double-masked, randomized, phase IIb clinical trial with 81 adult patients who were hospitalized with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection was conducted from March 23 to April 5, 2020, at a tertiary care facility in Manaus, Brazilian Amazon. - Patients were allocated to receive high-dosage CQ (ie, 600 mg CQ twice daily for 10 days) or low-dosage CQ (ie, 450 mg twice daily on day 1 and once daily for 4 days). - Label: Main Outcomes and Measures Primary outcome was reduction in lethality by at least 50% in the high-dosage group compared with the low-dosage group. Data presented here refer primarily to safety and lethality outcomes during treatment on day 13. Secondary end points included participant clinical status, laboratory examinations, and electrocardiogram results. Outcomes will be presented to day 28. Viral respiratory secretion RNA detection was performed on days 0 and 4. Out of a predefined sample size of 440 patients, 81 were enrolled (41 [50.6%] to high-dosage group and 40 [49.4%] to low-dosage group). Enrolled patients had a mean (SD) age of 51.1 (13.9) years, and most (60 [75.3%]) were men. Older age (mean [SD] age, 54.7 [13.7] years vs 47.4 [13.3] years) and more heart disease (5 of 28 [17.9%] vs 0) were seen in the high-dose group. Viral RNA was detected in 31 of 40 (77.5%) and 31 of 41 (75.6%) patients in the low-dosage and high-dosage groups, respectively. Lethality until day 13 was 39.0% in the high-dosage group (16 of 41) and 15.0% in the low-dosage group (6 of 40). The high-dosage group presented more instance of QTc interval greater than 500 milliseconds (7 of 37 [18.9%]) compared with the low-dosage group (4 of 36 [11.1%]). Respiratory secretion at day 4 was negative in only 6 of 27 patients (22.2%). - Label: Conclusions and Relevance The preliminary findings of this study suggest that the higher CQ dosage should not be recommended for critically ill patients with COVID-19 because of its potential safety hazards, especially when taken concurrently with azithromycin and oseltamivir. These findings cannot be extrapolated to patients with nonsevere COVID-19