Effects of the inclusion of glycerin in diets containing 30 or 70% roughage on feed disappearance and digestibility

The objective of this study was to evaluate in vitro nutrient disappearance and in vivo nutrient digestibility of cattle diets containing 70 or 30% roughage, with and without glycerin supplementation. Four Nellore cattle were used in the study based on a 4 × 4 Latin Square design in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Inclusion of glycerin and roughage proportion did not affect the nutrient disappearance of each ingredient (P > 0.05). Regardless of the inclusion of glycerin, a reduction in the proportion of roughage led to an increase (P 0.05) in STD (78%). Inclusion of glycerin at 20% of the total DM increased the utilisation of dietary DM without affecting the fibrous fraction of the diet. Glycerin supplementation in diets containing 70% roughage improves neutral detergent fibre digestibility

Substituição parcial de milho por cascas de soja em dietas de alta percentagem de grãos para ovinos confinados

The objective of this work was to evaluate the partial replacement of corn grains by soybean hulls, in high-grain diets, and its effect on the feeding behavior and ruminal fermentation parameters of feedlot sheep. Eight rumen-cannulated crossbred sheep were assigned to four treatment groups composed of a control, to fed a diet of 50% corn silage and 50% concentrate, and to three groups fed high-grain diets, as follows: 85% corn (Diet85), 75% corn plus 10% soybean hulls (Diet75), and 65% corn plus 20% soybean hulls (Diet65). High-grain diets reduced rumination time and provided a higher degradation of feed dry matter, a higher-propionic acid concentration, a lower-acetic acid concentration, a lower methane and carbon dioxide gas production, and a lower ruminal pH value. Diet65, with 20% soybean hulls, promoted an increase in the acetic acid proportion, with a reduction in the CO2:CH4 ratio. At the end of in vitro incubation, the pH value was higher for the control diet, and it was lower for Diet85. The inclusion of soybean hulls does not change methane production and dry matter degradation, and it can be used to substitute up to 20% of corn grain in high-grain diets.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a substituição parcial de milho por cascas de soja, em dietas de alta percentagem de grãos, e seu efeito sobre o comportamento alimentar e os parâmetros de fermentação ruminal em ovinos confinados. Oito carneiros com rúmens canulados foram distribuídos em quatro grupos experimentais, compostos de um controle, alimentado com uma dieta de 50% de silagem de milho e 50% de concentrado, e em três grupos alimentados com as seguintes dietas com alta percentagem de grãos: 85% de milho (Diet85), 75% de milho e 10% de cascas de soja (Diet75), e 65% de milho e 20% de cascas de soja (Diet65). Os tratamentos de alta percentagem de grãos reduziram o tempo de ruminação e proporcionaram maior degradação da matéria seca do alimento, maior concentração de ácido propiônico, menor concentração de ácido acético, menor produção de gás metano e carbono, e menor valor de pH ruminal. A Diet65, com 20% de casca de soja, promoveu o aumento da proporção de ácido acético, com a redução da relação CO2:CH4 no rúmen. Ao final da incubação in vitro, o valor de pH foi maior na dieta-controle, e menor na Diet85. A inclusão de cascas de soja não altera a produção de metano nem a degradação da matéria seca e pode ser usada para substituir até 20% do milho em dietas de alta percentagem de grãos

Why Are Outcomes Different for Registry Patients Enrolled Prospectively and Retrospectively? Insights from the Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF).

Background: Retrospective and prospective observational studies are designed to reflect real-world evidence on clinical practice, but can yield conflicting results. The GARFIELD-AF Registry includes both methods of enrolment and allows analysis of differences in patient characteristics and outcomes that may result. Methods and Results: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and ≥1 risk factor for stroke at diagnosis of AF were recruited either retrospectively (n = 5069) or prospectively (n = 5501) from 19 countries and then followed prospectively. The retrospectively enrolled cohort comprised patients with established AF (for a least 6, and up to 24 months before enrolment), who were identified retrospectively (and baseline and partial follow-up data were collected from the emedical records) and then followed prospectively between 0-18 months (such that the total time of follow-up was 24 months; data collection Dec-2009 and Oct-2010). In the prospectively enrolled cohort, patients with newly diagnosed AF (≤6 weeks after diagnosis) were recruited between Mar-2010 and Oct-2011 and were followed for 24 months after enrolment. Differences between the cohorts were observed in clinical characteristics, including type of AF, stroke prevention strategies, and event rates. More patients in the retrospectively identified cohort received vitamin K antagonists (62.1% vs. 53.2%) and fewer received non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (1.8% vs . 4.2%). All-cause mortality rates per 100 person-years during the prospective follow-up (starting the first study visit up to 1 year) were significantly lower in the retrospective than prospectively identified cohort (3.04 [95% CI 2.51 to 3.67] vs . 4.05 [95% CI 3.53 to 4.63]; p = 0.016). Conclusions: Interpretations of data from registries that aim to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of patients with AF must take account of differences in registry design and the impact of recall bias and survivorship bias that is incurred with retrospective enrolment. Clinical Trial Registration: - URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier for GARFIELD-AF (NCT01090362)

Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

Grão de girassol ou gordura protegida na dieta com alto concentrado e o ganho compensatório para cordeiros

Foi estudada a inclusão de lipídios advindos dos grãos de girassol ou da gordura protegida em dietas com alto concentrado para cordeiros sobre a digestibilidade dos nutrientes e o balanço nitrogenado. Foram utilizados 12 cordeiros com peso médio de 25 kg distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), onde foram coletadas totalmente as excretas. A fermentação ruminal foi realizada utilizando seis ovinos, com peso médio de 30 kg, canulados no rúmen, distribuídos em delineamento quadrado latino duplo com três dietas e três períodos, nos quais foram amostrados conteúdos e realizadas incubações ruminais para avaliação do pH, amônia, ácidos graxos voláteis,' massa microbiana e degradabilidade dos ingredientes. O desempenho em confinamento com ganho compensatório foi realizado utilizando 36 cordeiros, com peso médio de 18 kg, distribuídos num DIC em esquema fatorial 3 dietas e 2 manejos de alimentação. Não foram observados efeitos da dieta sobre a digestibilidade da matéria seca (67,3%), proteína bruta (72,1%) carboidratos totais (60,9%) e carboidratos não fibrosos (93,7%), assim como para o balanço nitrogenado, apresentando valores médios 36,1 g/dia para ingestão, de 17,5 g/dia para retenção e relação retido/absorvido de 66,9%. Não houve diferenças entre as dietas para a concentração ruminal de amônia (18 mg/dL), pH (6,1), produção total (98 mM), proporções molares de acetato (66,4%), propionato (20%) e butirato (13%) e para razão acetato: propionato...One evaluated the inclusion of lipids from either the sunflower grains or protected fat in high-concentrated diets for lambs on nutrients digestibility and nitrogen balance. 12 lambs were used (average weight of 25 kg) in randomly assigned design, were totally collected excrete. The fermentation ruminal was accomplished using six sheep (average weight of 30 kg) with fistula in the rumen, distributed in double Latin Square design with three diets and three periods, were sample contents and ruminal incubations for evaluation of pH, ammonia, short chain fat acids, microbial mass .and ingredients degradability. The performance in feedlot with compensatory gain was achieve using 36 lambs (average weight of 18 kg), were randomly assigned in factorial scheme (3 diets X 2 feeding handlings). One could not associate any etfects of the diet with the dry matter digestibility (67.3%), crude protein digestibility (72.1 %), total carbohydrates (60.9%) and no fiber carbohydrate (93.7%), as well as for nitrogen balance, that results in an average nitrogen intake value of 36.1 g/day, retention value of 17.5 g/day and a 66.9% retained/absorbed relation. There were no significant differences among the diets for ruminal ammonium concentration (18 mg/dL), pH (6.1), total production short chain fat acids (98 mM), acetate molar proportion (66.4%), propionate (20%) and butyrate (13%) and neither for the acetate:propionate ratio (3.2: 1 ). During the initial feedlot period, the weight gain was superior (p0.05) was detected in comparison to the control diet... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES