O uso de mapas conceituais para avaliar a mudança conceitual de alunos do ensino médio sobre o tema corrente elétrica: um estudo de caso

Os objetivos deste trabalho foram elaborar uma seqüência de ensino sobre o tema corrente elétrica e usar mapas conceituais (MCs) para avaliar a mudança de complexidade do aspecto cognitivo de quatro alunos do ensino médio de uma escola pública estadual, que participaram do programa de Pré-Iniciação Científica (PIC) da Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa da Universidade de São Paulo. Durante cinco meses, os estudantes realizaram atividades na universidade, como pesquisas do tema em fontes bibliográficas, elaboraram seminários sobre a temática, tiveram quinze aulas teóricas e cinco experimentais sobre eletricidade. A análise dos resultados revelou que os alunos, após as seqüências de ensino, foram capazes de construir proposições significativas baseadas nos conceitos abordados nas aulas e pelos mapas foi possível verificar uma mudança significativa dos alunos em relação ao tema corrente elétrica.The purposes of this work were to elaborate a teaching sequence on the theme “electric currents” and employ concept maps (CMs) to assess the variation in cognitive complexity of four students from a secondary public school, who participated in the Pre-Undergraduate Research Program (PIC – Pré-Iniciação Científica) of the University of São Paulo Research Pro-Rectory. For the period of five months, these students took part in activities conducted at the college facilities, such as bibliographical research, elaboration of seminars on the theme and they also attended fifteen theoretical lectures and five experimental classes on electricity. Analysis of the results revealed that, following the teaching sequence, the students were able to formulate meaningful propositions based on the concepts approached in class and through the maps; it was possible to verify a significant improvement in the students’ knowledge of the theme “electric current”

Growth of single-crystalline strontium titanate fibers using LHPG

Strontium titanate is an incipient ferroelectric material of the perovskite structure and high melting point (2080 °C). It is a material which has a remarkable chemical and thermal stability, and has an interesting potential for the development of applications, particularly in manufacturing laser diodes, sensorsoxygen at elevated temperatures, UV sensors, and optical sensors, among other possibilities of development new optical devices. We present growth results SrTiO3 crystal fiber by the "Laser Heated Pedestal Growth" technique 

Use of the Jigsaw cooperative learning methos adapted to nanoscience and nanotechnology teaching

In our days, the effects which are studied in the fields of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (N&N) have\ud influence on the daily lives of human beings. However, school systems still have difficulties addressing these\ud subjects, especially at the level of basic education. In this article, a teaching methodology of N & N is discussed;\ud it is based on the application of a short course to high school students, along with a variation of the method\ud of Cooperative Learning Jigsaw, in which we use a scientific text as a focus for the activity. It was found that\ud the combination of these activities enabled students to understand and correlate the different concepts related\ud to N&N, as well as form and expand their conceptual bases in a cooperative way.Atualmente os efeitos estudados pelos campos da Nanociência e da Nanotecnologia (N&N) influenciam o cotidiano do ser humano. No entanto, há ainda dificuldade por parte dos sistemas escolares em abordar esta temática, principalmente no nível de Educação Básica. Neste artigo, tecem-se considerações sobre uma metodologia de ensino de N&N baseada na aplicação de um minicurso a alunos do Ensino Médio, conjuntamente com uma variação do método de Aprendizagem Cooperativa Jigsaw, na qual se utilizou um texto de divulgação científica como eixo da atividade. Obteve-se que a junção das referidas atividades possibilitou que os alunos relacionassem e compreendessem os diferentes conceitos atrelados a N&N, formando e ampliando sua base conceitual de maneira cooperativa entre os sujeitos envolvidos no processo

Alcances y limitaciones actuales de la actividad experimental en escuelas de Enseñanza Media de la provincia Santiago de Cuba: criterios de alumnos y profesores

El propósito de este estudio es explorar el estado actual de desarrollo de las actividades experimentales en la asignatura de Física en escuelas de Enseñanza Media de la provincia de Santiago de Cuba ya que constituye un aspecto medular en la construcción del conocimiento científico. Para la recogida de la información se utilizaron dos instrumentos: una encuesta y una entrevista que fueron aplicadas a 268 alumnos y 18 profesores de cinco escuelas con entornos socioculturales diferentes. Los datos obtenidos de las encuestas de ambos sujetos están referidos a: la existencia o no de infraestructura de laboratorio en las escuelas, las características de sus participaciones en los laboratorios y la frecuencia de realización de los mismos. Complementan esta información sus opiniones expresadas en las respuestas a las entrevistas, donde se destaca el papel que atribuyen a los experimentos en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Los resultados indican un incremento en la motivación y en la asimilación de los contenidos por parte de los alumnos que participaron en las demostraciones experimentales en las escuelas con infraestructura de laboratorio. Se manifiestan también limitaciones en el orden material con énfasis en las escuelas más alejadas del centro de la ciudad de Santiago de Cuba y de preparación de los profesores para una eficiente utilización del instrumental que poseen en función de la docencia.The purpose of this study is to explore the current developmental status of experimental activities within the subject of physics in Middle Schools in the Santiago de Cuba Province, which constitutes a key aspect in the attainment of scientific knowledge. Two different tools were used in the information gathering process: one poll and a series of iinterviews involving 268 students and 18 professors from five schools of diverse socio-cultural environments. The resulting data relates to: the availability - or not - of lab infrastructure at schools; the type of lab participation; and its frequency. This information is complemented by the opinions expressed in the responses to the interviews where the role attributed to experimental activity in the teaching-learning process is highlighted. The results show an increment in motivation and subject learning on the part of the students when they have access to experimental demonstrations at schools with lab infrastructure. Other limitations observed, especially at schools further away from Santiago de Cuba, were related to the lack of material resources and the preparation of teachers in relation to their utilization of available resources in the teaching function.CAPES/MES (109/10

Cation size effects-modified phase and PTCR development in Er3+ and Ca2+ co-doped BaTiO3 ceramics during sintering

Development of the positive temperature coefficient of resistivity (PTCR) in Er3+ and Ca2+ co-doped ferroelectric BaTiO3 was studied in this work, with Er3+ being used to act as a donor doping. Irrespective of all the materials showing high densities after sintering at 1200 to 1300 ºC, these revealed insulator at the lowest sintering temperature, changing to semiconducting and PTCR-type materials only when the sintering temperature was further increased. Observations from X-ray diffraction help correlating this effect with phase development in this formulated (Ba,Ca,Er)TiO3 system, considering the formation of initially two separated major (Ba,Ca)TiO3- and minor (Ca,Er)TiO3-based compounds, as a consequence of cation size-induced stress energy effects. Thus, appearance and enhancement here of the semiconducting and PTCR responses towards higher sintering temperatures particularly involve the incorporation of Er3+ into the major phase, rendering finally possible the generation and "percolative-like" migration of electrons throughout the whole material.FAPESPCNP

Building on teachable moments: issues for teacher education

This work is supported by national funds through FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, under the projects Professional Practices of Teachers of Mathematics (Grant PTDC/CPE-CED/098931/2008) and PEst-C/MAT/UI0144/2011, and by FEDER funds through COMPETESeveral authors have given attention to the notion of didactical knowledge, which is not consensual (Ponte, in press). We consider didactical knowledge as being related to aspects of teachers’ practices, “essentially oriented towards action” (Ponte, 1999, p. 61), and involving four dimensions: knowledge of the curriculum, knowledge of mathematics, knowledge of students and their learning processes, and knowledge instructional processes in the classroom (Ponte & Oliveira, 2002). The didactical knowledge has a dynamic character because the experiences teachers encounter in their practice constantly shape it (Ponte & Santos, 1998).FC

Idade e crescimento do boca-negra, Helicolenus dactylopterus dactylopterus (Delaroche, 1809) dos Açores

A idade e o crescimento de boca-negra, Helicolenus dactylopterus dactylopterus (Delaroche, 1809), foram estudadas pela observação dos otólitos (sagittae) esquerdos inteiros (n = 401) obtidos de exemplares (14-47 cm de comprimento total) capturados em águas Açoreanas. Enumeraram-se os anéis opacos observados na face anti-sulcal dos otólitos. Os intervalos de idades foram 3-14 anos para machos e 3-12 anos para fêmeas. Estimaram-se e compararam-se os parâmetros da equação de crescimento de von Bertalanffy, entre sexos e entre métodos (leitura directa de otólitos, retrocálculo e análise de distribuições de frequências de comprimentos). Não se verificaram diferenças importantes. Os resultados são diferentes da literatura publicada para a região. Discutem-se as causas e implicações dos resultados obtidos.ABSTRACT: Bluemouth, Helicolenus dactylopterus dactylopterus (Delaroche, 1809), age and growth were studied by whole-view examination of left sagittae (n = 401) obtained from specimens (14-47 cm in total length) caught off the Azores. Opaque rings observed on the anti-sulcal surface of sagittae were enumerated as age estimates. Ages ranged from 3 to 14 years in males and 3 to 12 years in females. The von Bertalanffy growth equation was fitted to average length at age data, and compared between sexes and methods (direct examination of otoliths, backcalculation and length-frequency analysis). No important differences in growth between sexes were found. Results are different from published literature for the region. The causes and implications of the results are discussed

The influence of hot pressing on high density fibreboards, when the panels are used for overlaying

Um conjunto de painéis de fibras de alta densidade, colados com uma resina de melamina/ureia-formaldeído, foi submetido a operações de prensagem a quente, de modo a estudar a influência desta operação nas propriedades do substrato. Usou-se uma prensa de pratos, a uma pressão que permitisse um contacto firme entre os painéis e os pratos da prensa. Foi desenvolvido um plano experimental para três temperaturas diferentes de 95, 180 e 210 º C e dois tempos de prensagem, de 22 e 35 segundos, para cada uma delas. Os painéis foram fabricados com fibras de pinho (Pinus pinaster) a uma densidade média de 930 kg/m3 e espessura média de 6,7 mm De acordo com os resultados obtidos, as operações de pós-fabrico dos painéis de alta densidade resultaram numa ligeira melhoria do módulo de elasticidade, da tensão de rotura à flexão estática e da resistência interna dos painéis usados como substrato. Observou-se também uma ligeira diminuição da humidade de equilíbrio e espessura dos painéis, bem como um aumento da densidade e do inchamento, com o aumento da temperatura e tempo de prensagem.ct A series of high density fiberboard (HDF) panels, bonded with melamine/urea-formaldehyde (MUF), were exposed to a post manufacture hot pressing at various temperatures and pressing durations using a hot press and just enough pressure to ensure firm contact between the panel and the press platens. The experimental plan was developed for three different temperatures of 95, 180 and 210ºC and two different pressing times, of 22 and 35 seconds. The panels were made with pine fibers (pinus pinaster) at a target density of 930 kg/m3 and target thickness of 6.7 mm. The results indicated that the pos-manufacture hot-pressing of the exterior HDF panels resulted in a slightly improvement of the modulus of elasticity (MOE), bending strength and internal bonding (IB) of the panels used as substrates. A reduction in moisture content and thickness as well as an increase in density and thickness swelling was also noticed with an increase in the temperature and pressing timeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio