Mapping the cold molecular gas in a cooling flow cluster: Abell 1795

Cold molecular gas is found in several clusters of galaxies (Edge, 2001, Salome' & Combes, 2003): single dish telescope observations in CO(1-0) and CO(2-1) emission lines have revealed the existence of large amounts of cold gas (up to ~10^11 Msol) in the central region of cooling flow clusters. We present here interferometric observations performed with the IRAM Plateau de Bure interferometer in Abell 1795. Comparison with IRAM 30m data shows the cold gas detected is extended suggesting a cooling flow origin. The CO features identified are very similar to the structures observed in Halpha and with the star forming regions observed through UV continuum excess. A large fraction of the cold gas is not centered on the central cD, but located near brightest X-ray emitting regions along the North-West orientated radio lobe. The cold gas kinematics is consistent with the optical nebulosity behaviour in the very central region. It is not in rotation around the central cD : a velocity gradient shows the cold gas might be cooled gas from the intra-cluster medium being accreted by the central galaxy. The optical filaments, aligned with the cD orbit, are intimately related to the radio jets and lobes. The material fueling the star formation certainly comes from the deposited gas, cooling more efficiently along the edge of the radio lobes. Even if some heating mechanisms are present, these millimetric observations show that an effective cooling to very low temperatures indeed occurs and is probably accelerated by the presence of the radio source.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in A&A (Letter

Street Children Economic Empowerment: A Case Study of Street Children in Kigamboni Ward Temeke Municipal Council Dar es Salaam Region

Most interventions to build capacity, awareness and increased knowledge as regards to vulnerable children’s care and support to various stakeholders and most vulnerable children themselves, has not led to decrease the magnitude of Most Vulnerable Children’s problems. This report emerges as a result of the study undertaken in October 2010 to September 2011 organized by The Open University of Tanzania. The main objective of the study was to assess the satisfaction of the most vulnerable children resting on their needs, social contentment, rights, and available opportunities for sustainable development. The specific objectives were identification of most vulnerable children, training, care and support as well as economic empowerment and participation at community spheres, and eventually grow to be self reliant. Specifically, the study examines the status and the attitude of most vulnerable children and the relationship between them and care-taker and the community at large in the district. The study was conducted in Temeke Municipal council in Dar es Salaam Region at Ungindoni area in Kigamboni Ward. Cross-sectional research design was adopted, where questionnaire both structured and unstructured questions was applied to collect primary information and data from a randomly determined sample size of 52 respondents comprising 42 most vulnerable children, 2 ward leaders, 5 community members, one GSM leader, one Municipal community development officer and 2 Members of parliament. Personal observation, Focus Group Discussions and informal visit were applied to get more details of the primary survey findings. Secondary data was obtained through literature/documents review from GSM office, New Hope Family Street Children Home, Temeke Municipal Council office, Dar es Salaam Regional secretariat office and The Open University of Tanzania library. Both qualitative and Quantitative data analysis was used to get descriptive statistics, frequencies, percentages and means while qualitatively literally information obtained through focus group discussion. The results from this study showed that, in Kigamboni Ward, there exists a serious problem of street children. Secondly, it was realized that, these street children were living in poverty and that a retail shop project could help them to improve their economic status and live a fare life

Street Children Economic Empowerment: A Case Study of Street Children In Kigamboni Ward Temeke Municipal Council Dar Es Salaam Region

Most interventions to build capacity, awareness and increased knowledge as regards to vulnerable children’s care and support to various stakeholders and most vulnerable children themselves, has not led to decrease the magnitude of Most Vulnerable Children’s problems. This report emerges as a result of the study undertaken in October 2010 to September 2011 organized by The Open University of Tanzania. The main objective of the study was to assess the satisfaction of the most vulnerable children resting on their needs, social contentment, rights, and available opportunities for sustainable development. The specific objectives were identification of most vulnerable children, training, care and support as well as economic empowerment and participation at community spheres, and eventually grow to be self reliant. Specifically, the study examines the status and the attitude of most vulnerable children and the relationship between them and care-taker and the community at large in the district. The study was conducted in Temeke Municipal council in Dar es Salaam Region at Ungindoni area in Kigamboni Ward. Cross-sectional research design was adopted, where questionnaire both structured and unstructured questions was applied to collect primary information and data from a randomly determined sample size of 52 respondents comprising 42 most vulnerable children, 2 ward leaders, 5 community members, one GSM leader, one Municipal community development officer and 2 Members of parliament. Personal observation, Focus Group Discussions and informa

Entanglement growth and correlation spreading with variable-range interactions in spin and fermionic tunneling models

We investigate the dynamics following a global parameter quench for two one-dimensional models with variable-range power-law interactions: a long-range transverse Ising model, which has recently been realized in chains of trapped ions, and a long-range lattice model for spinless fermions with long-range tunneling. For the transverse Ising model, the spreading of correlations and growth of entanglement are computed using numerical matrix product state techniques, and are compared with exact solutions for the fermionic tunneling model. We identify transitions between regimes with and without an apparent linear light cone for correlations, which correspond closely between the two models. For long-range interactions, we find that despite the lack of a light cone, correlations grow slowly as a power law at short times, and that—depending on the structure of the initial state—the growth of entanglement can also be sublinear. These results are understood through analytical calculations, and should be measurable in experiments with trapped ions

Discovery of herpesviruses in multi-infected primates using locked nucleic acids (LNA) and a bigenic PCR approach

Targeting the highly conserved herpes DNA polymerase (DPOL) gene with PCR using panherpes degenerate primers is a powerful tool to universally detect unknown herpesviruses. However, vertebrate hosts are often infected with more than one herpesvirus in the same tissue, and pan-herpes DPOL PCR often favors the amplification of one viral sequence at the expense of the others. Here we present two different technical approaches that overcome this obstacle: (i) Pan-herpes DPOL PCR is carried out in the presence of an oligonucleotide substituted with locked nucleic acids (LNA).This suppresses the amplification of a specific herpesvirus DPOL sequence by a factor of approximately 1000, thereby enabling the amplification of a second, different DPOL sequence. (ii) The less conserved glycoprotein B (gB) gene is targeted with several sets of degenerate primers that are restricted to gB genes of different herpesvirus subfamilies or genera. These techniques enable the amplification of gB and DPOL sequences of multiple viruses from a single specimen. The partial gB and DPOL sequences can be connected by long-distance PCR, producing final contiguous sequences of approximately 3.5 kbp. Such sequences include parts of two genes and therefore allow for a robust phylogenetic analysis. To illustrate this principle, six novel herpesviruses of the genera Rhadinovirus, Lymphocryptovirus and Cytomegalovirus were discovered in multi-infected samples of non-human primates and phylogenetically characterized