Rescue of fragile X syndrome phenotypes in Fmr1 KO mice by a BKCa channel opener molecule.

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Study of the role of the kynurenine pathway in an animal model of depression : the unpredictable chronic mild stress procedure : biochemical and behavioral approaches

Dans ce travail de thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés à mieux comprendre le rôle du métabolisme du tryptophane (TRP), et en particulier de la voie de la kynurénine (KYN), dans la physiopathologie des troubles dépressifs en utilisant un modèle murin de dépression - le stress chronique imprédictible modéré (Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress = UCMS). Nous avons montré que 1) l'UCMS affecte de façon différentielle le métabolisme de la KYN selon qu'il se déroule en périphérie ou dans le SNC 2) l'UCMS induit l'accumulation de certains métabolites toxiques de la KYN en périphérie alors que dans le cerveau, l'effet est structure-dépendant 3) la concentration en KYN est inversement proportionnelle à la concentration en 5-HT dans le SNC 4) que l'activation de la voie KYN périphérique est positivement corrélée à l'expression de comportements anxio-dépressifs 5) que l'inhibition pharmacologique de la voie KYN a des effets antidépresseurs.During this thesis, we were interested in better understand the role of the kynurenine pathway (KP) in the pathophysiology of depressive disorders by using a murine model of depression - the Unpredictable Chronic Mils StressProcedure = UCMS). We have shown that 1) UCMS has different effects on peripheral and cerebral tissues 2) UCMS induces accumulation of some toxic KP metabolites in the periphery and the CNS 3) the cerebral level of KYN innegatively correlated to the level of 5-HT 4) activation of the peripheral KP is positively correlated to the expression of anxiety-like and depressive-like behaviors, only in UCMS mice 5) pharmacological inhibition of the KP have antidepressant properties

Etude du rôle de la voie de la kynurénine dans un modèle animale de dépression (le stress chronique imprédictible)

Dans ce travail de thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés à mieux comprendre le rôle du métabolisme du tryptophane (TRP), et en particulier de la voie de la kynurénine (KYN), dans la physiopathologie des troubles dépressifs en utilisant un modèle murin de dépression - le stress chronique imprédictible modéré (Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress = UCMS). Nous avons montré que 1) l'UCMS affecte de façon différentielle le métabolisme de la KYN selon qu'il se déroule en périphérie ou dans le SNC 2) l'UCMS induit l'accumulation de certains métabolites toxiques de la KYN en périphérie alors que dans le cerveau, l'effet est structure-dépendant 3) la concentration en KYN est inversement proportionnelle à la concentration en 5-HT dans le SNC 4) que l'activation de la voie KYN périphérique est positivement corrélée à l'expression de comportements anxio-dépressifs 5) que l'inhibition pharmacologique de la voie KYN a des effets antidépresseurs.During this thesis, we were interested in better understand the role of the kynurenine pathway (KP) in the pathophysiology of depressive disorders by using a murine model of depression - the Unpredictable Chronic Mils StressProcedure = UCMS). We have shown that 1) UCMS has different effects on peripheral and cerebral tissues 2) UCMS induces accumulation of some toxic KP metabolites in the periphery and the CNS 3) the cerebral level of KYN innegatively correlated to the level of 5-HT 4) activation of the peripheral KP is positively correlated to the expression of anxiety-like and depressive-like behaviors, only in UCMS mice 5) pharmacological inhibition of the KP have antidepressant properties.TOURS-Bibl.électronique (372610011) / SudocSudocFranceF

Chronic Treatment with the IDO1 Inhibitor 1-Methyl-D-Tryptophan Minimizes the Behavioural and Biochemical Abnormalities Induced by Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress in Mice - Comparison with Fluoxetine.

We demonstrated that confronting mice to the Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress (UCMS) procedure-a validated model of stress-induced depression-results in behavioural alterations and biochemical changes in the kynurenine pathway (KP), suspected to modify the glutamatergic neurotransmission through the imbalance between downstream metabolites such as 3-hydroxykynurenine, quinolinic and kynurenic acids. We showed that daily treatment with the IDO1 inhibitor 1-methyl-D-tryptophan partially rescues UCMS-induced KP alterations as does the antidepressant fluoxetine. More importantly we demonstrated that 1-methyl-D-tryptophan was able to alleviate most of the behavioural changes resulting from UCMS exposure. We also showed that both fluoxetine and 1-methyl-D-tryptophan robustly reduced peripheral levels of proinflammatory cytokines in UCMS mice suggesting that their therapeutic effects might occur through anti-inflammatory processes. KP inhibition might be involved in the positive effects of fluoxetine on mice behaviour and could be a relevant strategy to counteract depressive-like symptoms

3Rs-based optimization of mice behavioral testing: The habituation/dishabituation olfactory test

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In utero and lactational exposure to low-doses of the pyrethroid insecticide cypermethrin leads to neurodevelopmental defects in male mice-An ethological and transcriptomic study.

Accumulating evidence suggests that developmental exposure to environmental chemicals may modify the course of brain development, ultimately leading to neuropsychiatric / neurodegenerative disorders later in life. In the present study, we assessed the impact of one of the most frequently used pesticides in both residential and agricultural applications - the synthetic pyrethroid cypermethrin (CYP) - on developmental neurotoxicity (DNT). Female mice were perinatally exposed to low doses of CYP (5 and 20 mg/kg body weight) from gestation to postnatal day 15. Behavioral analyses were performed during the offspring's early life and during adulthood. Postnatal analyses revealed that perinatal exposure to CYP disturbed motor development without modifying sensory and communicative skills. We found that later in life, CYP-exposed offspring expressed maladaptive behaviors in response to highly challenging tasks and abnormal sociability. Transcriptomic analyses performed in the offspring's brain at the end of the exposure, highlighted mitochondrial dysfunction as a relevant pathomechanism underlying CYP-induced DNT. Interestingly, several genes involved in proteostasis maintenance were also shown to be dysregulated suggesting that alterations in biogenesis, folding, trafficking and degradation of proteins may significantly contribute to CYP-related DNT. From a regulatory perspective, this study highlights that behavioral and transcriptomic analyses are complementary tools providing useful direction for better DNT characterization, and as such, should be used together more systematically

Perinatal exposure to glufosinate ammonium herbicide impairs neurogenesis and neuroblast migration through cytoskeleton destabilization

Neurogenesis, a process of generating functional neurons from neural precursors, occurs throughout life in restricted brain regions such as the subventricular zone (SVZ). During this process, newly generated neurons migrate along the rostral migratory stream to the olfactory bulb to replace granule cells and periglomerular neurons. This neuronal migration is pivotal not only for neuronal plasticity but also for adapted olfactory based behaviors. Perturbation of this highly controlled system by exogenous chemicals has been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. We reported recently that perinatal exposure to low dose herbicide glufosinate ammonium (GLA), leads to long lasting behavioral defects reminiscent of Autism Spectrum Disorder-like phenotype in the offspring (Laugeray, Herzine et al. 2014) . Herein, we demonstrate that perinatal exposure to low dose GLA induces alterations in neuroblast proliferation within the SVZ and abnormal migration from the SVZ to the olfactory bulbs. These disturbances are not only concomitant to changes in cell morphology, proliferation and apoptosis, but are also associated with transcriptomic changes. Therefore, we demonstrate for the first time that perinatal exposure to low dose GLA alters SVZ neurogenesis. Jointly with our previous work, the present results provide new evidence on the link between molecular and cellular consequences of early life exposure to the herbicide GLA and the onset of ASD-like phenotype later in life

Perinatal Exposure to the Cyanotoxin β-N-Méthylamino-l-Alanine (BMAA) Results in Long-Lasting Behavioral Changes in Offspring—Potential Involvement of DNA Damage and Oxidative Stress

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