25 research outputs found
Ăvaluation dâun programme de promotion de la santĂ© des jeunes au Cameroun
La baisse de plus en plus marquĂ©e de lâĂąge au premier rapport sexuel et lâaugmentation de lâĂąge au premier mariage impliquent une durĂ©e plus longue dâexposition au risque des grossesses prĂ©nuptiales et aux infections sexuellement transmissibles incluant le VIH/sida. Câest pourquoi des interventions ont Ă©tĂ© mises en place en vue de protĂ©ger la santĂ© des adolescents et jeunes. LâObservatoire de Population en ĂpidĂ©miologie Socio-Clinique (POSE) conçu et mis sur pied au Cameroun depuis 1995, a fait de la santĂ© des adolescents et jeunes une de ses prioritĂ©s de santĂ© publique en Afrique Ă travers le programme de promotion de la santĂ© reproductive des adolescents et jeunes au Cameroun (CAREH). Le Programme CAREH mĂšne des activitĂ©s dâintervention dans la prĂ©fecture de Bandjoun depuis juillet 2000, et dans plusieurs autres rĂ©gions du Cameroun depuis 2003. Cette thĂšse vise Ă Ă©valuer certains aspects de cette intervention, en examinant dans quelle mesure entre 2000 et 2002, les activitĂ©s dâintervention menĂ©es auraient contribuĂ© : 1) au report Ă plus tard du premier rapport sexuel chez les adolescents de 10 Ă 20 ans ; 2) Ă la prĂ©vention des grossesses non dĂ©sirĂ©es chez les jeunes de 10 Ă 29 ans ; et 3) Ă la prĂ©vention de lâinfection Ă VIH chez les jeunes de 10 Ă 29 ans.
Les donnĂ©es proviennent de lâEnquĂȘte sur la Famille et la SantĂ© au Cameroun (EFSC), menĂ©e Ă Bandjoun en 2002. Un devis post-intervention a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ© aprĂšs stratification des adolescents et jeunes en quatre groupes Ă savoir : jeunes exposĂ©s Ă lâintervention en milieu communautaire, jeunes exposĂ©s Ă lâintervention en milieu scolaire, jeunes non scolarisĂ©s non-exposĂ©s Ă lâintervention et jeunes scolarisĂ©s non-exposĂ©s Ă lâintervention. Les analyses descriptives et les analyses multivariĂ©es utilisant la rĂ©gression logistique ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©es pour examiner les associations prĂ©sumĂ©es entre les variables dâintervention et les variables dĂ©pendantes considĂ©rĂ©es par rapport aux hypothĂšses de recherche Ă©mises. Nos analyses suggĂšrent que les adolescents scolarisĂ©s qui nâavaient pas dĂ©clarĂ© avoir Ă©tĂ© exposĂ©s Ă lâintervention (RC = 1,973 ; IC =1,195-3,260) sont plus portĂ©s Ă avoir une perception nĂ©gative de la sexualitĂ© prĂ©maritale, que les adolescents non scolarisĂ©s nâayant pas dĂ©clarĂ© avoir Ă©tĂ© exposĂ©s aux activitĂ©s dâintervention. Il nây avait cependant pas de report significatif du premier rapport sexuel dans les groupes dâadolescents exposĂ©s Ă lâintervention par rapport Ă ceux non-exposĂ©s. Les connaissances sur la prĂ©vention des grossesses sont significativement plus Ă©levĂ©es chez les jeunes scolarisĂ©s non-exposĂ©s (RC=1,953; IC=1,452 â 2,627), jeunes exposĂ©s Ă lâintervention en milieu communautaire (RC = 3,074 ; IC = 2,157 - 4,382) et les jeunes exposĂ©s Ă lâintervention en milieu scolaire (RC = 4,962 ; IC = 3,367 - 7,311) que chez les jeunes non scolarisĂ©s nâayant pas dĂ©clarĂ© avoir Ă©tĂ© exposĂ©s aux activitĂ©s dâintervention. Il nây a aucune diffĂ©rence statistiquement significative entre ces diffĂ©rents groupes quant Ă lâutilisation de la contraception moderne. La discussion sur la prĂ©vention des grossesses ou lâutilisation de la contraception avec un formateur Ă©tait significativement associĂ©e Ă une amĂ©lioration des connaissances en prĂ©vention de grossesses chez les jeunes exposĂ©s Ă lâintervention en milieu scolaire (RC = 1,549 ; IC = 1,056 â 2,272), comparativement Ă leurs camarades exposĂ©s aux activitĂ©s dâintervention en milieu communautaire sans avoir bĂ©nĂ©ficiĂ© dâune telle discussion. Les jeunes exposĂ©s Ă lâintervention en milieu communautaire (RC = 2,106 ; IC = 1,514 â 2,930) et ceux exposĂ©s lâintervention en milieu scolaire (RC = 3,117 ; IC = 2,192 â 4,433) connaissent mieux les modes de prĂ©vention de lâinfection Ă VIH que les jeunes scolarisĂ©s mais nâayant pas Ă©tĂ© exposĂ©s aux activitĂ©s dâintervention. Il nây avait toutefois pas de diffĂ©rences entre les groupes quant Ă lâutilisation du condom.
Ces conclusions sont interprĂ©tables dans les limites des donnĂ©es disponibles. En effet, il nâa pas Ă©tĂ© possible de dĂ©terminer les niveaux de connaissances en prĂ©vention de grossesses ou du VIH avant lâexposition des jeunes Ă lâintervention. Ainsi, chez les jeunes exposĂ©s en milieu communautaire ou scolaire, on ne peut savoir quel aurait Ă©tĂ© leur niveau de connaissance en lâabsence de lâintervention. Toutefois, il est trĂšs probable que lâintervention ait eu plus dâeffets bĂ©nĂ©fiques sur lâamĂ©lioration des connaissances que des comportements.Early sexual initiation and delayed marriage are concurrently happening in most environments in Africa where traditionally early marriage and sexual initiation within marital union were more prevalent. This lengthens the time of exposure of young people to the risk of premarital sex and unwanted pregnancies as well as sexually transmitted infections including HIV/AIDS. Hence, several interventions have been carried out to promote the sexual and reproductive health of adolescents and young people. The Population Observatory in Socio-Clinical Epidemiology (POSE) designed and implemented since 1995 in Cameroon, had targeted the reproductive health promotion of adolescents and young people as one of its priorities, through the Cameroon Adolescent and Youth Reproductive Health Promotion Program (CAREH). The CAREH Program has been carrying out a series of intervention activities in the prefecture of Bandjoun since July 2000 and many other parts of Cameroon since 2003. This thesis evaluates some aspects of this intervention by examining the extent to which the intervention activities undertaken between 2000 and 2002 have contributed to: 1) delaying first sexual intercourse among adolescents aged 10 to 20 years, 2) preventing unwanted pregnancies among young people aged 10 to 29 years, and 3) preventing HIV infection among young people aged 10 to 29 years.
Data came from the 2002 Cameroon Family and Health Surveys (CFHS). A post-test design was used which divided adolescents and youth into four intervention groups (out-of-school youth unexposed to the intervention, young people enrolled in schools and unexposed to the intervention, young people exposed to the intervention in the community and young people exposed to the intervention in school settings). Descriptive analyses and multivariate logistic regression were used to assess the possible associations between intervention and outcomes variables, given the enunciated research hypotheses. Adolescents attending school who reported no exposure to the intervention (OR = 1.973; CI = 1.195 to 3.260) were more likely to have a negative perception of premarital sex than out-of-school and unexposed adolescents. However, there were no significant differences in delaying the first sexual intercourse among adolescents exposed to the intervention compared to those not exposed. Knowledge about the prevention of pregnancy was significantly higher among unexposed students (OR = 1.953, CI = 1.452-2.627), youth exposed to the intervention in the community (OR = 3.074; CI = 2.157-4.382) and youth exposed to the intervention in school (OR = 4.962, CI = 3.367 to 7.311) than among those not exposed and not in school. No statistically significant difference was found between these groups regarding the use of modern contraception. The discussion about pregnancy prevention or contraceptive use led by a CAREH peer-educator significantly improved knowledge about pregnancy prevention for youth exposed to the intervention in school compared to their peers exposed in community where such discussion did not occur (OR = 1.549, CI = 1.056 to 2.272). Young people exposed to the intervention in community settings (OR = 2.106, CI = 1.514-2.930) and those exposed in school settings (OR = 3.117, CI = 2.192-4.433) significantly improved their knowledge about HIV prevention more than out-of-school youth unexposed to the intervention. Nevertheless, there were no significant differences between groups regarding the use of condom.
These findings should be interpreted within the limits of available data. Indeed, it was not possible to determine the level of knowledge about pregnancy prevention or HIV prevention among young people exposed to the intervention before hand. Therefore, it is impossible to know what level of knowledge young people exposed to the intervention would have had in the absence of the intervention. However, given the results comparing the four stratified groups, it is likely that the intervention had more beneficial effects on improving knowledge than behaviours
Un AVC ischĂ©mique a IRM cĂ©rĂ©brale normale: Ă propos dâun cas
L'IRM cĂ©rĂ©brale reste un examen de rĂ©fĂ©rence pour diagnostiquer un accident vasculaire cĂ©rĂ©brale. La sensibilitĂ© au cours d'un accident vasculaire cĂ©rĂ©brale Ă la phase aigĂŒe n'atteint pas toujours 100%. Nous rapportons un cas d'un accident vasculaire cĂ©rĂ©bral ischĂ©mique Ă IRM cĂ©rĂ©brale initiale normale. L'IRM cĂ©rĂ©brale normale Ă la phase prĂ©coce d'un accident vasculaire cĂ©rĂ©brale pose un doute sur l'indication de la thrombolyse qui est le traitement de rĂ©fĂ©rence en cas d'embole cĂ©rĂ©brale. La rĂ©pĂ©tition d'un examen avec coupe fine, en sĂ©quence de diffusion B2000 permettrait de mettre en Ă©vidence l'infarctus de trĂšs petit volume non visualisĂ© par IRM cĂ©rĂ©brale conventionnelle
Unusual Sensory Disturbances Revealing Posterior Spinal Artery Infarct
Spinal cord infarctions are rare, especially at the cervical level and in the posterior spinal artery territory. Moreover, this diagnosis is difficult to establish as the clinical picture varies. Even if sensory patterns appear as cardinal signs, their distribution can be very variable. We report a rare case of posterior cervical cord infarction revealed by an unusual pure sensory clinical picture
Determination through neural networks of the standard performance of management indicators in the construction industry
Business management requires information for decision-making, and, therefore, tools that aid in the analysis of that information, with support systems whose purpose is to help managers to identify trends, signal problems, and make intelligent decisions.
For several decades, different economic models and statistical techniques have been used to analyze past performance or to forecast the future of business management indicators. To analyze results, businesses make comparisons with past periods, with other organizations, or with the mean for the industry to which they pertains but there is still uncertainty as to whether business management results are optimal or not given the lack of comparative analysis by way of target parameters.
The purpose of this study is to determine the standardized performance of management indicators, so as to enable comparative evaluation of business results and guide future performance under certain specific conditions, grounding management decision-making.
Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are used as tools for standardization and comparison of the results
Les Complications Osseuses au Cours de la Drepanocytose au Service dâHematologie-Oncologie du CHU de Donka de Conakry
Introduction: Sickle cell disease has an evolution characterized by acute and chronic complications that affect almost all the target organs of the body (bones, eyes, heart, kidneys, brain ...). The purpose of this study was to describe the bone complications of sickle cell disease. Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective study performed in the HematologyOncology Department of the Donka Teaching Hospital over a five-year period (5 years) from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2015. Results: The frequency of bone complication of sickle cell disease was 15%. There was a predominance of the female sex with the sex ratio of 0.8. The average age of the patients was 27.5 years with extremes of 10 and 50 years. The main reason for consultation was bone pain found in 100% of our patients. Osteomyelitis was the most frequent 55.56%, followed by Necrosis of the femoral head 44.44%. Conclusion: The study found that the prevalence of bone complications is not negligible. A prospective and analytical study with a larger sample would be required to identify risk factors and develop a management protocol.Introduction : la drĂ©panocytose a une Ă©volution caractĂ©risĂ©e par des complications aiguĂ«s et chroniques qui intĂ©ressent presque tous les organes cibles de lâorganisme (os, yeux, cĆur, reins, cerveau âŠ). Lâobjectif de cette Ă©tude Ă©tait de dĂ©crire les complications osseuses de la drĂ©panocytose. Patients et MĂ©thodes : Il sâagissait dâune Ă©tude rĂ©trospective rĂ©alisĂ©e au service dâHĂ©matologie â Oncologie du CHU de Donka qui sâest Ă©talĂ©e sur une pĂ©riode de cinq ans (5ans) allant du 1 er janvier 2011 au 31 dĂ©cembre 2015 RĂ©sultats : La frĂ©quence des complications osseuses de la drĂ©panocytose Ă©tait de 15%. Il y avait une prĂ©dominance du sexe fĂ©minin avec le sex-ratio de 0,8. LâĂąge moyen des patients Ă©tait de 27,5 ans avec des extrĂȘmes de 10 et de 50 ans. Le principal motif de consultation Ă©tait la douleur osseuse retrouvĂ©e chez 100% de nos patients. LâostĂ©omyĂ©lite Ă©tait la complication la plus frĂ©quente soit 55,56 % suivie de la nĂ©crose de la tĂȘte fĂ©morale soit 44,44%. Conclusion : Il est ressorti de lâĂ©tude que la prĂ©valence des complications osseuses est non nĂ©gligeable. Une Ă©tude prospective et analytique avec un Ă©chantillon plus Ă©levĂ© serait nĂ©cessaire pour identifier les facteurs de risque et Ă©laborer un protocole de prise en charg
Profil Tensionnel des Patients Parkinsoniens Idiopathiques vus au Service de Neurologie de Pontarlier
Introduction: Idiopathic Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor disorders, akinesia or bradykinesia, rigidity, resting tremor and impaired posture reflexes or even frequent falls. In daily practice, an abnormal blood pressure profile is often observed in parkinsonian patients. In this study, we described the 24h blood pressure profile in our patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Methodology: This is a prospective and descriptive observational study of patients hospitalized from May to October 2016 for idiopathic Parkinson's disease at the Department of Neurology at Pontarlier Hospital. We included all patients with an UPDRS (Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale) score greater than 12 who made a holter TA record for 24 hours. Results: We selected 50 patients, 15 women and 35 men (a sex ratio between men and women of 2.33), aged 45 to 84, average 65.24 and standard deviation 3.04. The blood pressure profile was normal for 24h in 10 patients (20%). The remainder, 40 patients (80%), showed during the 24 hours of recording an alternation of arterial hypotension and normotension. Peaks of onset of arterial hypotension were 9h and 15h. The signs associated with this low blood pressure were falls with loss of consciousness (20%), isolated falls (12%), vertigo (11%), visual blur (8%), and other signs (25%). Conclusion: The particular clinical manifestations related to hypotension deserve more attention from us based on the interest of a systematic research in all the parkinsonian and related patients.Introduction : La maladie de Parkinson idiopathique est une affection neurodĂ©gĂ©nĂ©rative caractĂ©risĂ©e par des troubles moteurs, lâakinĂ©sie ou bradykinĂ©sie, la rigiditĂ©, le tremblement de repos et altĂ©ration des rĂ©flexes de posture voire des chutes frĂ©quentes. Dans la pratique quotidienne, une anomalie du profil tensionnel est souvent observĂ©e chez les malades parkinsoniens. Notre objectif est de dĂ©crire le profil tensionnel pendant 24h chez nos patients atteints de la maladie de Parkinson idiopathique. MĂ©thode : Il s'agit d'une Ă©tude dâobservation prospective et descriptive portant sur des patients hospitalisĂ©s de mai Ă octobre 2016 pour une maladie de Parkinson idiopathique au service de Neurologie Ă lâhĂŽpital de Pontarlier. Nous avons inclus tous les patients ayant un score UPDRS (Unified Parkinsonâs Disease Rating Scale) supĂ©rieur Ă 12 ayant effectuĂ©s un enregistrement holter TA pendant 24h. RĂ©sultats : Nous avons retenu 50 patients, 15 femmes et 35 hommes (soit un sex-ratio homme-femme de 2,33), ĂągĂ©s de 45 Ă 84 ans, moyenne 65,24 et ecart type 3,04. Le profil tensionnel Ă©tait normal chez 10 patients soit 20%. Chez 40 patients soit 80% de cas a Ă©tĂ© retrouvĂ©e une hypotension artĂ©rielle et/ou une normotension. Les pics d'apparition de l'hypotension artĂ©rielle se situaient entre 9h et 15h. Les signes associĂ©s Ă cette hypotension artĂ©rielle Ă©taient soit des chutes avec perte de connaissance brĂšve chez 20%, des chutes sans perte de connaissance chez 12%, des vertiges chez 11%, un flou visuel chez 8% et d'autres signes chez 25%. Conclusion : Les manifestations cliniques particuliĂšres liĂ©es Ă l'hypotension artĂ©rielle mĂ©ritent plus d'attention de notre part dâoĂč lâintĂ©rĂȘt dâune recherche systĂ©matique chez tout les malades parkinsoniens et apparentĂ©
Modelling of storage of the photovoltaic energy by supercapacitors
Le stockage par supercondensateurs de l'énergie photovoltaïque est modélisé afin de disposer d'un modÚle suffisamment fin et accessible permettant de les intégrer dans des chaßnes de conversion de l'énergie solaire. Les supercondensateurs sont modélisés par un circuit multibranche comportant des résistances et capacités variables suivant la tension, dont les valeurs sont déterminées par une expérience de caractérisation ayant une bonne précision. Par ailleurs, tous les éléments d'une chaßne typique de conversion de l'énergie photovoltaïque sont modélisés avec le logiciel Matlab/Simulink (gisement solaire, conversion photovoltaïque des panneaux, régulateur, batterie et charges). Le modÚle de stockage de l'énergie photovoltaïque par supercondensateurs est ensuite validé par la bonne concordance des mesures relevées en conditions réelles avec les résultats donnés par les simulations. Enfin, deux exemples d'exploitation du modÚle sont proposés et discutés : la détermination du temps de charge des supercondensateurs suivant l'éclairement solaire et la température ambiante, et l'intégration des supercondensateurs dans la chaßne d'alimentation électrique d'un moteur à courant continu permettant de réduire les sollicitations électriques sur la batterie lors de l'appel de puissance nécessaire au démarrage du moteurThe storage by ultracapacitors of photovoltaic energy is modeled in order to have an accurate and accessible model to integrate ultracapacitors into solar energy conversion systems. Ultracapacitors are modeled by a multibranch circuit representation composed of resistors and capacitors with variable voltage whose values are determined by an accurate characterization experiment. Moreover, all the elements of a typical photovoltaic energy conversion system are modeled by using the Matlab/Simulink software (solar radiation, photovoltaic panels, batteries and charges). The energy storage model by ultracapacitors is then validated by the good agreement of measured values taken in real conditions with the results provided by simulations. Finally, two examples are proposed and discussed: the determination of the storage duration of ultracapacitors versus solar irradiance and ambient temperature, and the integration of ultracapacitors in the electrical feeding system of a DC motor to reduce the electrical current peak of the battery at the start of the moto
ModĂ©lisation du stockage de lâĂ©nergie photovoltaĂŻque par supercondensateurs
The storage by ultracapacitors of photovoltaic energy is modeled in order to have an accurate and accessible model to integrate ultracapacitors into solar energy conversion systems. Ultracapacitors are modeled by a multibranch circuit representation composed of resistors and capacitors with variable voltage whose values are determined by an accurate characterization experiment. Moreover, all the elements of a typical photovoltaic energy conversion system are modeled by using the Matlab/Simulink software (solar radiation, photovoltaic panels, batteries and charges). The energy storage model by ultracapacitors is then validated by the good agreement of measured values taken in real conditions with the results provided by simulations. Finally, two examples are proposed and discussed: the determination of the storage duration of ultracapacitors versus solar irradiance and ambient temperature, and the integration of ultracapacitors in the electrical feeding system of a DC motor to reduce the electrical current peak of the battery at the start of the motorLe stockage par supercondensateurs de l'énergie photovoltaïque est modélisé afin de disposer d'un modÚle suffisamment fin et accessible permettant de les intégrer dans des chaßnes de conversion de l'énergie solaire. Les supercondensateurs sont modélisés par un circuit multibranche comportant des résistances et capacités variables suivant la tension, dont les valeurs sont déterminées par une expérience de caractérisation ayant une bonne précision. Par ailleurs, tous les éléments d'une chaßne typique de conversion de l'énergie photovoltaïque sont modélisés avec le logiciel Matlab/Simulink (gisement solaire, conversion photovoltaïque des panneaux, régulateur, batterie et charges). Le modÚle de stockage de l'énergie photovoltaïque par supercondensateurs est ensuite validé par la bonne concordance des mesures relevées en conditions réelles avec les résultats donnés par les simulations. Enfin, deux exemples d'exploitation du modÚle sont proposés et discutés : la détermination du temps de charge des supercondensateurs suivant l'éclairement solaire et la température ambiante, et l'intégration des supercondensateurs dans la chaßne d'alimentation électrique d'un moteur à courant continu permettant de réduire les sollicitations électriques sur la batterie lors de l'appel de puissance nécessaire au démarrage du moteu
Optimization of the Reactive Energy Compensation of the Guinea Brewerie Company Plant (SOBRAGUI)
In order to reduce power losses due to the transit of strong reactive currents and improve the voltage profile of distribution lines, the use of shunt capacitor banks is indicated. The main results obtained during this study are: a reduction in the subscribed power from 3815.858 kVA to 3349.392 kVA, an increase in the active power transported by the transformer station from 2557.6 kW to 2792.782 kW; a decrease in voltage drop from 3.80% to 1.88%; an increase in the power available at the secondary of the transformer station at full load from 2580 kW to 2820 kW and an annual electrical energy saving of 88580.343 kWh. It is therefore essential that manufacturers be convinced of the need to install capacitors to reduce or even eliminate their reactive energy bill. This is necessarily accompanied by an investment by Electricity of Guinea by setting up active and reactive energy meters in the industrial environment but also by implementing pricing in the direction of reducing the transfer of reactive energy into the network
The use of antibiotics in the university hospitals of Conakry: evaluation of the consumption and the analysis of determinants
peer reviewedBackground: The main objectives of this study were to evaluate the use of antibiotics; assess the knowledge and perception of prescribers regarding the use of antibiotics; to describe the policy on the use of antibiotics and to identify factors associated with high antibiotic consumption at the University Hospital of Conakry.
Methods: This study has two components: a retrospective study covering three months' consumption of antibiotics (From January 2013 to March 2013), and a cross-sectional study on both the knowledge and perception of prescribers concerning the use of antibiotics and the policies on their proper use.
Results: Of a total of 1,199 cases examined at the University Hospital of Conakry, 953 patients received at least one antibiotic about 79.5% of the total cases. The total amount consumed was 55.3 DDD / 100 BD. The class of the Extended-spectrum penicillinâs was widely the most used at 22.9 DDD / 100 BD. The median knowledge score of prescribers; valued at a total of 8, was equal to 5. The Composite Index for proper use of Antibiotic (CIATB) was 2.25 / 20. Determinants or factors associated with the large use of antibiotics were the hospital site, the ward and the average length of stay.
Conclusion: Based on the results of our study, it appears that lot antibiotics are largely consumed at the University Hospital of Conakry; and that consumption are influenced by the hospital site, the ward and the length of stay. This study reveals also the absence of any policy of the rational use of antibiotics. Therefore, the study illustrates the need for the implementation of an antimicrobial stewardship action