En anglais, Léonora parle-t-elle encore et à qui?

En anglais, Leonora parle-t-elle encore et à qui? — Dany Bébel-Gisler, sociolinguiste et attachée de recherche au C.N.R.S., a écrit Leonora : l'histoire enfouie de la Guadeloupe afin de célébrer la culture de son île natale et de produire un contre-discours au discours national français. À partir d'une série d'entrevues en créole avec Léonora, travailleuse de canne née en 1919, Dany établit le texte d'un roman-témoignage dans lequel elle maintient certains passages en créole. Bien que Bébel-Gisler s'approprie la voix de Léonora, elle le fait dans un but didactique et militant et cet acte littéraire de traduction peut être défendu comme un geste de solidarité visant à explorer et à faire connaître le pouvoir de résistance des pratiques culturelles de la Guadeloupe. Le présent article analyse la version américaine de Léonora traduite par Andrea Leskes, publiée par « University Press of Virginia », afin de déterminer si elle parvient à renouveler ce geste de solidarité. Une question bakhtinienne (Qui parle?) est posée et trois problèmes spécifiques sont examinés pour tenter d'y répondre : l'emploi du créole, la relation dialogique entre le créole et le français et la valeur de contre-discours du roman.In English, is Leonora Still Speaking and to Whom? — Dany Bébel-Gisler, a sociolinguist and member of the C.N.R.S, wrote Léonora : The Buried Story of Guadeloupe as a celebration of the culture of her native island and as counter-discourse to the French national discourse. Basing her text on a series of interviews conducted in Creole with Léonora, a cane worker born in 1919, Dany produces a novel in the genre of the testimonio in which she maintains many passages in Creole. Even though Bébel-Gisler appropriates Léonora's voice, her goal is didactic and militant and she accomplishes a literary act of translation that can be defended as a gesture of solidarity meant to explore and promote the cultural practices of Guadeloupe as a powerful force of resistance. This article examines the American version of Léonora translated by Andrea Leskes, published by University Press of Virginia, in order to determine whether this gesture of solidarity is renewed in the translation. In attempting to answer the Bakhtinian question, "who is speaking?", three particular problems are treated : the use of Creole, the dialogical link between Creole and French, and the counter-discursive nature of the novel

Migrations littéraires : Maryse Condé et Emily Brontë

Migrations littéraires : Maryse Condé et Emily Brontë— En tant que ré-écriture de Wuthering Heights (1847) d'Emily Brontë, La Migration des coeurs (1995) de Maryse Condé transpose le classique anglais dans un contexte antillais marqué par la violence colonialiste et l'hétérogénéité. Ce procédé de ré-écriture est un procédé de traduction dans le sens large du terme parce que l'improvisation à laquelle se livre Condé maintient un lien métonymique avec l'original tout en fonctionnant de façon indépendante. À son tour, la traduction anglaise du roman de Condé, Windward Heights (1998), suit ces pistes brouillées mais, par manque de stratégies conséquentes de traduction, compromet l'élan créateur de Condé en rapprochant son texte trop près de celui de Brontë. Cette étude montrera que ces mouvements de migration littéraire impliquent que l'écriture s'appuie sur des procédés de traduction et que la ré-écriture maintient une difficile relation métonymique avec l'original en lui rendant hommage tout en le transformant.Literary Migrations: Maryse Condé and Emily Brontë — As a rewriting of Emily Bronte's Wuthering Heights (1847) Condé's La Migration des coeurs (1995) transposes the English classic into a Caribbean context characterized by colonial violence and heterogeneity. Rewriting is a translation process in the broad sense of the term since Condé's improvisation remains linked metonymically with the original in spite of functioning independently. Windward Heights (1998) then, the English translation of Condé's novel, follows these intermingling antecedents but threatens to stop Condé's creative drive because it calls for too close a comparison with Bronte's text from lack of consistent translation strategies. This study will show how these literary migrations suggest that writing is akin to a process of translation and that rewriting maintains a difficult métonymie relation with the original, transforming it while acknowledging it

Les Créoles de la Nouvelle-Orléans ou comment jouer son identité par la traduction

Cette étude se penche sur la fonction performative de la traduction dans le contexte du combat pour la survie de l’identité française à la Nouvelle-Orléans du XIXe siècle. Entre 1877 et 1913 parurent dans les Comptes-rendus de l’Athénée louisianais plusieurs traductions de textes d’origine et de genre variés. L’objectif de l’Athénée était clairement la préservation de la culture française à la Nouvelle-Orléans, projet quelque peu désespéré en cette fin de siècle où les différences culturelles de toutes sortes, déjà passablement estompées par les périodes pénibles et volontairement unificatrices de la Guerre civile et de la Reconstruction, semblaient destinées à disparaître complètement.This paper examines the performative function of translation in the context of the struggle for survival of a French identity in 19th century New Orleans. Between 1877 and 1913 were published in the Comptes-rendus de l’Athénée louisianais several translations of texts from various languages and genres. The purpose of the Athénée was clearly to preserve French culture in New Orleans, a rather desperate project at the end of a century marked by the erasure of cultural differences through the difficult and willfully unifying times occasioned by the Civil War and the period of Reconstruction

The TESS-Keck Survey. XVI. Mass Measurements for 12 Planets in Eight Systems

With JWST's successful deployment and unexpectedly high fuel reserves, measuring the masses of sub-Neptunes transiting bright, nearby stars will soon become the bottleneck for characterizing the atmospheres of small exoplanets via transmission spectroscopy. Using a carefully curated target list and more than two years' worth of APF-Levy and Keck-HIRES Doppler monitoring, the TESS-Keck Survey is working toward alleviating this pressure. Here we present mass measurements for 11 transiting planets in eight systems that are particularly suited to atmospheric follow-up with JWST. We also report the discovery and confirmation of a temperate super-Jovian-mass planet on a moderately eccentric orbit. The sample of eight host stars, which includes one subgiant, spans early-K to late-F spectral types ($T_\mathrm{eff} =$ 5200--6200 K). We homogeneously derive planet parameters using a joint photometry and radial velocity modeling framework, discuss the planets' possible bulk compositions, and comment on their prospects for atmospheric characterization.Comment: Accepted for publication in The Astronomical Journal on 2023-Jun-22. 60 pages, 17 Tables, 28 Figure

The evolving SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Africa: Insights from rapidly expanding genomic surveillance

INTRODUCTION Investment in Africa over the past year with regard to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sequencing has led to a massive increase in the number of sequences, which, to date, exceeds 100,000 sequences generated to track the pandemic on the continent. These sequences have profoundly affected how public health officials in Africa have navigated the COVID-19 pandemic. RATIONALE We demonstrate how the first 100,000 SARS-CoV-2 sequences from Africa have helped monitor the epidemic on the continent, how genomic surveillance expanded over the course of the pandemic, and how we adapted our sequencing methods to deal with an evolving virus. Finally, we also examine how viral lineages have spread across the continent in a phylogeographic framework to gain insights into the underlying temporal and spatial transmission dynamics for several variants of concern (VOCs). RESULTS Our results indicate that the number of countries in Africa that can sequence the virus within their own borders is growing and that this is coupled with a shorter turnaround time from the time of sampling to sequence submission. Ongoing evolution necessitated the continual updating of primer sets, and, as a result, eight primer sets were designed in tandem with viral evolution and used to ensure effective sequencing of the virus. The pandemic unfolded through multiple waves of infection that were each driven by distinct genetic lineages, with B.1-like ancestral strains associated with the first pandemic wave of infections in 2020. Successive waves on the continent were fueled by different VOCs, with Alpha and Beta cocirculating in distinct spatial patterns during the second wave and Delta and Omicron affecting the whole continent during the third and fourth waves, respectively. Phylogeographic reconstruction points toward distinct differences in viral importation and exportation patterns associated with the Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants and subvariants, when considering both Africa versus the rest of the world and viral dissemination within the continent. Our epidemiological and phylogenetic inferences therefore underscore the heterogeneous nature of the pandemic on the continent and highlight key insights and challenges, for instance, recognizing the limitations of low testing proportions. We also highlight the early warning capacity that genomic surveillance in Africa has had for the rest of the world with the detection of new lineages and variants, the most recent being the characterization of various Omicron subvariants. CONCLUSION Sustained investment for diagnostics and genomic surveillance in Africa is needed as the virus continues to evolve. This is important not only to help combat SARS-CoV-2 on the continent but also because it can be used as a platform to help address the many emerging and reemerging infectious disease threats in Africa. In particular, capacity building for local sequencing within countries or within the continent should be prioritized because this is generally associated with shorter turnaround times, providing the most benefit to local public health authorities tasked with pandemic response and mitigation and allowing for the fastest reaction to localized outbreaks. These investments are crucial for pandemic preparedness and response and will serve the health of the continent well into the 21st century

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries