Single-click ad-catching on TV and at the movies

It is today possible for a user with an appropriate mobile device application to catch a television ad, e.g., to make a purchase taking advantage of an offer in an ad that just aired. However, such ad-catching is still generally a multistep procedure with some friction. It is often the case that by the time a user catches a short-formatted ad (of a duration between 15-30s) with their ad-catching application, the time window for the offer has expired. This disclosure describes techniques that enable a user to catch an ad aired on television or in a movie theater with a single click of a TV remote or via a smartphone or other device

Investigation of Interactions between 1,3 Dialkyl Imidazolium Ionic Liquids and Lignocellulosic Polymers

Lignocellulosic biomass is a potential energy source for fuels, chemicals and materials production in a sustainable manner. A network of covalent and non-covalent bonds between the three main polymers of biomass, i.e., cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, results in a compact structure that is resistant to chemical and biological attacks and therefore challenging for the efficient utilization of lignocellulosic biomass. Ionic liquids (ILs) have been reported to disrupt the bonds between these polymers and dissolve biomass at temperatures below 100 ˚C. Research through the years has shown that biomass pretreatment with IL brings out the selective dissolution of biomass polymers and reduces cellulose crystallinity with enhanced saccharification rates. However, the specific nature of interactions between the biomass polymers and ILs and the role of IL ion pairs remain largely unknown. In this work, we report on the progress achieved in understanding interactions between ILs and biomass polymers. Herein using four different imidazolium ILs, we developed a unique experimental approach using spectroscopic, scattering and rheological techniques to investigate interactions between individual biomass polymers and ILs. The spectroscopic approach provided evidence for IL cation and anion roles. Scattering studies not only offered conformational details on polymers but also provided a quantitative estimation of the qualitative data acquired using spectroscopy. Rheology studies helped identify dispersive interactions not accounted for by the other two techniques. Finally, our multi-length scale approach helped us identify the two ILs with differential interactions towards cellulose and lignin. These two ILs were selected to perform an in-situ biomass dissolution study using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), which showed that cellulose microfibril architecture altered in size and shape as a function of time in acetate anion IL as opposed to the formate anion IL. In summary, the molecular level information on IL biomass polymers presented in this work will aid in making a rationale choice of IL ideal for the field of biomass processing

Dataset Pre-Processing and Artificial Augmentation, Network Architecture and Training Parameters used in Appropriate Training of Convolutional Neural Networks for Classification Based Computer Vision Applications: A Survey

Training a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based classifier is dependent on a large number of factors. These factors involve tasks such as aggregation of apt dataset, arriving at a suitable CNN network, processing of the dataset, and selecting the training parameters to arrive at the desired classification results. This review includes pre-processing techniques and dataset augmentation techniques used in various CNN based classification researches. In many classification problems, it is usually observed that the quality of dataset is responsible for proper training of CNN network, and this quality is judged on the basis of variations in data for every class. It is not usual to find such a pre-made dataset due to many natural concerns. Also it is recommended to have a large dataset, which is again not usually made available directly as a dataset. In some cases, the noise present in the dataset may not prove useful for training, while in others, researchers prefer to add noise to certain images to make the network less vulnerable to unwanted variations. Hence, researchers use artificial digital imaging techniques to derive variations in the dataset and clear or add noise. Thus, the presented paper accumulates state-of-the-art works that used the pre-processing and artificial augmentation of dataset before training. The next part to data augmentation is training, which includes proper selection of several parameters and a suitable CNN architecture. This paper also includes such network characteristics, dataset characteristics and training methodologies used in biomedical imaging, vision modules of autonomous driverless cars, and a few general vision based applications

Data Storage and Retrieval in the form of Geometric Shapes through Implementation of Rainbow Technology

This paper focuses on a emerging technology of digital storage. In digital data storage, Rainbow Technology is a quantum leap which enables us to store massive amounts of data nearly 450GB on a piece of paper. It is a bunch of techniques to store data in the form of symbols, colours and its combinations which is called as Rainbow format and the picture developed is called Rainbow picture. The main feature is to use eco friendly and biodegradable paper for storage. There is a possibility of storing audio, video, text and images. This rainbow format can be printed as dense graphics on paper at a density of 2.7GB per square inch and this looks like the modern art. This can be printed using high density printer. The printed Rainbow Picture on paper is portable, biodegradable, eco friendly, low cost. The paper discusses the features, applications and evolution benefits using rainbow technology

Experimental and Statistical Study on the Permanent Deformation Behavior of Granular Soil

The primary objective of this research is to study the permanent deformation behavior of a granular soil. The permanent deformation behavior of granular soils is strongly related to the rut depth development in flexible pavements. Repeated Load Triaxial (RLT) tests have the ability to simulate the cyclic pavement loading on the granular materials. However, no test standard is currently available. A comprehensive laboratory experimental work was carried out in this study on a poorly graded sand. The experimental work included resilient modulus tests and both single-stage and multi-stage RLT tests. The analysis of the permanent deformation of the sand was carried out by statistical analysis. A regression model was developed to describe the permanent strain accumulation with the number of load cycles at different stress conditions. A test procedure is proposed to for determining the material parameters for the proposed model.Civil Engineerin

Morphology and morphometry of postnatal suprarenal glands in south Indian human cadavers

Study of morphology and morphometry of suprarenal gland facilitates diagnostic and treatment methods for various associated clinical conditions. In the present study 120 suprarenal glands obtained from 60 cadavers were observed for their morphological and morphometric parameters along with weight of the kidneys. Statistical analysis was done by one-way analysis of variance test and Duncan’s multiple range test. Age-wise significance in weight of suprarenals and sex-wise significance in weight of kidneys, thickness of left suprarenal and thickness of left cortex and side-wise significance in length, width and thickness of suprarenal, thickness of cortex and weight of kidney were observed in the present study. The results of the present study form a data base for suprarenal morphometry in the south Indian population of a wide age range of 2 years to 64 years of life.Keywords: Morphology, morphometry, postnatal, suprarenal gland (SG

Studies on the Effect of Essential Oils of Spices on Physico-Chemical, Microbial and Organoleptic Properties OF Chicken Meat Patties during Refrigerated Storage

At the storage temperature of 5+10C samples treated with essential oil of garlic with 1:250 concentration, up to day 8 and 1:500 and 1:1000 concentrations resulted in lower pH values up to day 6 of storage. Clove with 1:250 and 1:500 concentrations resulted in lower pH values up to day 12 of storage and 1:1000 concentration decreased the pH values up to day 10 of storage, cinnamon with 1:250, 1:500 and 1:1000 concentrations resulted in lower pH values up to day 8 of storage compared to the control. A significant (p<0.05) reduction in 2–thiobarbituric acid values on day 6 of storage compared to the control in the samples treated with essential oils of garlic, clove and cinnamon at 1:250 and 1:500 concentrations, whereas in samples with 1:1000 concentration showed a significant (p<0.05) reduction on day 4 of storage. Total plate count of chicken meat patties with essential oil of garlic at 1:250 and 1:500 concentrations resulted in decreased counts on day 2 of storage, then there was a gradual increase, and the counts were well within the prescribed standards up to day 10, day 6 and day 4 in patties with garlic at 1:250, 1:500 and 1:1000 concentrations respectively, with clove at 1:250 and 1:500 concentrations the counts were significantly (P<0.05) reduced up to day 6 and day 4 respectively, afterwards gradual increase was observed and they were well within the prescribed standards up to day 12 of storage for all the three concentrations, cinnamon at 1:250 and 1:500 concentrations the counts were significantly (P<0.05) reduced up to day 4 of storage, then gradual increase was observed and they were well within the prescribed standards up to day 14, day 12 and day 8 for 1:250, 1:500 and 1:1000 concentrations respectively. Yeast and mold count of patties with essential oil of garlic, at 1:250, 1:500 and 1:1000 concentrations significantly (P<0.05) reduced up to day 12, 10 and day 4 of storage respectively, with clove the counts were significantly (P<0.05) reduced up to day 14 of storage at 1:250 concentration whereas at 1:500 and 1:1000 concentrations the counts were significantly (P<0.05) reduced up to day 10 and day 4 respectively. Essential oil of cinnamon at 1:250, 1:500 and 1:1000 concentration significantly (P<0.05) reduced the counts up to day 12, day 10 and day 4 of storage respectively. With regard to the colour and flavour scores of samples with the mixture of essential oils of garlic, clove and cinnamon at 1:250, 1:500 and 1:1000 concentrations were found to have higher colour and flavour scores compared to the control through out the storage period but the samples with the mixture of essential oils of spices at 1:500 concentration had higher flavour scores when compared to the rest of the treatments. Hence clove at 1:250 concentration is considered to be the best one to increase the shelf life of chicken meat patties

M2^2M: A general method to perform various data analysis tasks from a differentially private sketch

Differential privacy is the standard privacy definition for performing analyses over sensitive data. Yet, its privacy budget bounds the number of tasks an analyst can perform with reasonable accuracy, which makes it challenging to deploy in practice. This can be alleviated by private sketching, where the dataset is compressed into a single noisy sketch vector which can be shared with the analysts and used to perform arbitrarily many analyses. However, the algorithms to perform specific tasks from sketches must be developed on a case-by-case basis, which is a major impediment to their use. In this paper, we introduce the generic moment-to-moment (M$^2$M) method to perform a wide range of data exploration tasks from a single private sketch. Among other things, this method can be used to estimate empirical moments of attributes, the covariance matrix, counting queries (including histograms), and regression models. Our method treats the sketching mechanism as a black-box operation, and can thus be applied to a wide variety of sketches from the literature, widening their ranges of applications without further engineering or privacy loss, and removing some of the technical barriers to the wider adoption of sketches for data exploration under differential privacy. We validate our method with data exploration tasks on artificial and real-world data, and show that it can be used to reliably estimate statistics and train classification models from private sketches.Comment: Published at the 18th International Workshop on Security and Trust Management (STM 2022

Angiosperms from the Early Cretaceous sediments of India

This study presents the first report of angiosperm macrofossil assemblage from the Early Cretaceous sediments of India, containing a fruit, a spike, a petal, leaves, and an axis from the Krishna Godavari Basin. This assemblage provides clues to angiosperm evolution and ecology during the Early Cretaceous of India. The described enigmatic forms are comparable to fruits of Trapa, and palm leaves and spikes of Potamogeton. The fossil material also includes ribbon-like leaves with a small axis; fossil remains suggest affinity with the monocotyledon group and support recent morphological and molecular phylogenetic studies to establish the divergence of this group from dicotyledons, during the early Cretaceous. Fossils described in the present study suggest an affinity for an aquatic environment that appears to be ideal for some early angiosperms.Este estudo constitui o primeiro relato de assembleia de macrofósseis de angiospermas a partir dos sedimentos cretáceos iniciais da Índia. Os restos fósseis de angiospermas são preservados na forma de frutas, espigas, pétalas, folhas e eixos, que exemplificam a ocorrência explícita na bacia de Krishna Godavari. Essa assembleia fornece pistas sobre a evolução e a ecologia das durante os primeiros tempos do Cretáceo na Índia. As formas enigmáticas descritas são bem comparáveis aos frutos de Trapa, folhas de palmeira, espiga de Potamogeton. O material fóssil também inclui folhas em forma de fita com um pequeno eixo, restos fósseis sugerem afinidade com o grupo das monocotiledôneas, dão crédito aos recentes estudos filogenéticos, morfológicos e moleculares para estabelecer a divergência do grupo em relação às dicotiledôneas, no início do Cretáceo. Os fósseis descritos aqui sugerem uma afinidade por um paleoambiente aquático que parece ser ideal para algumas angiospermas primitivas