From the decision to the results: narrative of adult men about vasectomy

Objective: To describe the role of the family in opting for vasectomy, the period of professional counseling and outcomes before the procedure from the perspective of adult men. Method: Descriptive and exploratory qualitative research approach. Data were collected in August 2013, through interviews, along with 13 men who had undergone surgical sterilization for at least six months in a city in the Paraná. Results: family represented the deciding factor for the choice men before the surgery because it was described as emotional support. Although the nurse did not attend the counseling process for performing vasectomy, surgical procedure and its results were described as satisfactory. Conclusion: nurses need to participate more actively in counseling to men who seek health services to perform the vasectomy and the family should be included in this process to provide support for male decision

Consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados por crianças de uma Coorte de Nascimentos de Pelotas

OBJETIVO Avaliar o consumo habitual de alimentos ultraprocessados aos 24 meses de idade por crianças pertencentes à Coorte de Nascimentos de Pelotas de 2015 e os principais fatores demográficos, socioeconômicos e comportamentais relacionados ao consumo desses produtos. MÉTODOS Coorte de base populacional na cidade de Pelotas-RS, onde foram avaliadas 4.275 crianças ao nascimento, das quais 95,4% foram acompanhadas até os 24 meses. O consumo alimentar foi avaliado por meio de um questionário de consumo habitual de alimentos ultraprocessados, coletando informações sobre sexo, renda familiar, cor da pele, escolaridade e idade da mãe, frequentar creche, ter irmãos, status de amamentação e obesidade. O desfecho foi a somatória de alimentos ultraprocessados consumidos habitualmente pela criança. Análise multivariada por regressão de Poisson foi utilizada para estimar a associação entre consumo habitual de alimentos ultraprocessados e as variáveis de exposição. RESULTADOS O número médio de alimentos ultraprocessados consumidos habitualmente foi de 4,8 (DP = 2,3). O consumo habitual de alimentos ultraprocessados foi associado positivamente à cor da pele preta e ter irmãos e negativamente associado com renda familiar, escolaridade e idade materna. CONCLUSÕES A média de consumo habitual de alimentos ultraprocessados por crianças pertencentes à Coorte de Nascimentos de 2015 da cidade de Pelotas é elevada, o que pode causar um efeito negativo na dieta das crianças. O risco de consumo desses alimentos foi maior entre crianças de famílias de menor posição socioeconômica, filhas de mães de baixa escolaridade, de cor da pele preta, mais jovens e de baixa renda.OBJECTIVE Assessing the regular consumption of ultra-processed foods by children at 24 months of age from the 2015 Pelotas Birth Cohort and the main demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral factors related to the consumption of these products. METHODS Population-based cohort in the city of Pelotas, RS, where 4,275 children were assessed at birth and 95.4% of them were followed up until 24 months of age. Food consumption was assessed by a questionnaire on regular consumption of ultra-processed foods, which collected information regarding sex, household income, maternal skin color, schooling level, and age, the child attending day care and having siblings, breastfeeding status, and obesity. The outcome was the sum of ultra-processed foods regularly consumed by a child. A multivariate Poisson regression analysis was used to calculate the association between the regular consumption of ultra-processed foods and exposure variables. RESULTS The mean number of ultra-processed foods consumed was 4.8 (SD = 2.3). The regular consumption of ultra-processed foods was positively associated with black skin color and having siblings, and negatively associated with household income and maternal schooling level and age. CONCLUSION The mean regular consumption of ultra-processed foods by children from the 2015 Pelotas Birth Cohort is high, which can negatively affect the children’s diet. The risk of consuming this kind of food was higher among children from families of lower socioeconomic status, whose mothers present lower education level, black skin color, and younger age

Prevalence of self-reported musculoskeletal diseases by demographic and health variables : cross-sectional study of elderly of Goiânia/GO

Objetivo: estimar a prevalência de doenças musculoesqueléticas autorreferidas por idosos segundo variáveis demográficas, dor, autoavaliação de saúde e quedas.Métodos: estudo transversal, de base populacional, com amostra probabilística de 934 idosos residentes em Goiânia, em Goiás. Aplicou-se um questionário padronizado e semiestruturado. Considerou-se doença musculoesquelética autorreferida pelo idoso como variável desfecho, enquanto as variáveis de exposição foram demográficas, autoavaliação de saúde, quedas, dor e atividade física. Para análise, foram utilizados os testes qui-quadrado ou Fisher e regressão de Poisson (valor de p<0,05). Resultados: dos 934 idosos, 62,2% eram mulheres, com média de 71,4 anos (±8,3). A prevalência de doenças musculoesqueléticas foi de 39,1% (IC95% 35,9-42,3), sendo as mais frequentes: osteoporose (24,6%), artrose (2,9%), reumatismo (1,2%) e artrite (0,6%). A prevalência foi superior nas mulheres (44,7%; p=0,000); faixa etária ≥80 anos (44,7%; p=0,002); autoavaliação de saúde ruim (55,9%; p=0,000); relato de dor (43,4%; p=0,001). Não houve associação entre doenças musculoesqueléticas e quedas (p=0,671) e sedentarismo (p=0,167). Conclusão: observaram-se elevada prevalência de doenças musculoesqueléticas nos idosos de elevada faixa etária e associação com autoavaliação de saúde ruim e relato de dor, o que sugere intervenções no controle das condições de saúde gerais.Objective: estimate the prevalence of self-reported musculoskeletal disorders in elderlies according to demographic variables, pain, self-assessment of health and falls. Methods: cross-sectional and population-based study with a probabilistic sample of 934 seniors living in Goiania, GO. It was applied a standardized and semi-structured questionnaire. The outcome variable was self-reported musculoskeletal disorders by elderly and exposure were demographic, self-assessment health, falls, pain and physical activity. For analysis, we used the Chi-square test or Fisher and Poisson regression (value of p<0.05). Results: we evaluated 934 elderly, 62.2% were women, average of 71.4 years (±8.3). The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders was 39.1% (95% CI -42.3 35.9), being the most frequent: osteoporosis (24.6%), arthritis (2.9%), rheumatism (1.2%) and arthritis (0.6%). The prevalence was higher in women (44.7%; p=0.000); age ≥ 80 years (44.7%; p=0.002); self-assessment of bad health (55.9%; p=0.000); report of pain (43.4%; p=0.001). There was no association between musculoskeletal disorders and falls (p=0.671) and sedentary (p=0.167). Conclusion: we observed a high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in the elderly with high age group which suggests interventions in the control of the general health conditions and pain

A relação entre atividades antrópicas e recursos hídricos: uma experiência didática baseada no ensino de ciências por investigação com alunos do ensino fundamental II

Resumo: Este trabalho tem o objetivo de apresentar as principais concepções dos alunos, de uma turma do ensino fundamental II, sobre a relação entre atividades antrópicas e recursos hídricos utilizando uma proposta didática baseada no Ensino de Ciências por Investigação (ENCI). A coleta de dados se deu por meio de gravação de áudios das discussões e registros dos estudantes sobre a relação entre atividades antrópicas e recursos hídricos. Os dados foram analisados a partir da Análise Textual Discursiva (ATD) e os resultados obtidos foram organizados em três categorias pré-estabelecidas: a) Concepções sobre o problema da poluição dos recursos hídricos; b) Concepções sobre a interpretação dos dados obtidos no processo de investigação; c) Concepções sobre o uso do conhecimento construído no ENCI em outros ambientes. A partir do ENCI, foi verificado que os alunos compreenderam diversos conceitos relacionados ao tema, foram cooperativos e participaram de forma ativa durante o desenvolvimento da atividade.Palavras-chave: Ações antrópicas; Recursos hídricos; Ensino de Ciências por Investigação. The relationship between anthropic activities and water resources: a didactic experience based in inquiry-based science education with elementary students IIAbstract: This work aims to present the main conceptions of students, from a class of elementary school II, on the relationship between human activities and water resources using a didactic experience based on the Inquiry-Based Science Education (IBSE). Data collection took place by recording audios from students' discussions and records on the relationship between human activities and water resources. The data were analyzed using the Discursive Textual Analysis (DTA), and the results obtained were organized into four pre-established categories: a) Conceptions about the problem of water pollution; b) Conceptions about the interpretation of data obtained in the investigation process; c) Communication and recording of data obtained by students at ENCI; d) Conceptions about the use of knowledge built in IBSE in other environments. From the IBSE, it was verified that the students understood several concepts related to the theme, were cooperative and participated actively during the development of the activity.Keywords: Anthropic actions; Water resources; Inquiry-Based Science Education.

NeuroKinect: A Novel Low-Cost 3Dvideo-EEG System for Epileptic Seizure Motion Quantification

Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder which affects 0.5-1% of the world population. Its diagnosis relies both on Electroencephalogram (EEG) findings and characteristic seizure -induced body movements - called seizure semiology. Thus, synchronous EEG and (2D) video recording systems (known as Video-EEG) are the most accurate tools for epilepsy diagnosis. Despite the establishment of several quantitative methods for EEG analysis, seizure semiology is still analyzed by visual inspection, based on epileptologists' subjective interpretation of the movements of interest (MOIs) that occur during recorded seizures. In this contribution, we present NeuroKinect, a low-cost, easy to setup and operate solution for a novel 3Dvideo-EEG system. It is based on a RGB-D sensor (Microsoft Kinect camera) and performs 24/7 monitoring of an Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (EMU) bed. It does not require the attachment of any reflectors or sensors to the patient's body and has a very low maintenance load. To evaluate its performance and usability, we mounted a state-of-the-art 6-camera motion-capture system and our low-cost solution over the same EMU bed. A comparative study of seizure-simulated MOIs showed an average correlation of the resulting 3D motion trajectories of 84.2%. Then, we used our system on the routine of an EMU and collected 9 different seizures where we could perform 3D kinematic analysis of 42 MOIs arising from the temporal (TLE) (n = 19) and extratemporal (ETE) brain regions (n = 23). The obtained results showed that movement displacement and movement extent discriminated both seizure MOI groups with statistically significant levels (mean = 0.15 m vs. 0.44 m, p<0.001;mean = 0.068 m(3) vs. 0.14 m(3), p< 0.05, respectively). Furthermore, TLE MOIs were significantly shorter than ETE (mean = 23 seconds vs 35 seconds, p< 0.01) and presented higher jerking levels (mean = 345 ms(-3) vs 172 ms(-3), p< 0.05). Our newly implemented 3D approach is faster by 87.5% in extracting body motion trajectories when compared to a 2D frame by frame tracking procedure. We conclude that this new approach provides a more comfortable (both for patients and clinical professionals), simpler, faster and lower-cost procedure than previous approaches, therefore providing a reliable tool to quantitatively analyze MOI patterns of epileptic seizures in the routine of EMUs around the world. We hope this study encourages other EMUs to adopt similar approaches so that more quantitative information is used to improve epilepsy diagnosis

A substantial prehistoric European ancestry amongst Ashkenazi maternal lineages

The origins of Ashkenazi Jews remain highly controversial. Like Judaism, mitochondrial DNA is passed along the maternal line. Its variation in the Ashkenazim is highly distinctive, with four major and numerous minor founders. However, due to their rarity in the general population, these founders have been difficult to trace to a source. Here we show that all four major founders, similar to 40% of Ashkenazi mtDNA variation, have ancestry in prehistoric Europe, rather than the Near East or Caucasus. Furthermore, most of the remaining minor founders share a similar deep European ancestry. Thus the great majority of Ashkenazi maternal lineages were not brought from the Levant, as commonly supposed, nor recruited in the Caucasus, as sometimes suggested, but assimilated within Europe. These results point to a significant role for the conversion of women in the formation of Ashkenazi communities, and provide the foundation for a detailed reconstruction of Ashkenazi genealogical history

Physicochemical properties and filling capacity of an experimental iodoform-based paste in primary teeth

In this study, we evaluated the physicochemical properties (PCP; radiopacity, flow, pH, and solubility) and the quality of root canal filling provided by an experimental industrialized paste (EP), with the same active ingredients as those of the Guedes Pinto paste, compared with the Vitapex® paste. PCP were analyzed according to the ANSI/ADA laboratory testing methods for endodontic filling and sealing materials. To analyze filling capacity, 120 artificial primary teeth (60 maxillary incisors [MIs] and 60 mandibulary molars [MMs]) were endodontically treated. The teeth were divided into eight groups based on the dental group (MIs or MMs), filling material (Vitapex® or EP), and insertion method (syringe or lentulo). The Image J® software was used to analyze the initial an final digital radiographies of each tooth, measuring and comparing root canal and void areas. The percentage of filling failure areas was obtained. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test of mean comparison. Regarding PCP, both pastes presented results according the ANSI/ADA standards. Flow capacity: Vitapex: 19.6 mm, EP: 25 mm (p 0.05). Regarding filling capacity analysis, EP demonstrated 12.5% of failure against 31.5% of Vitapex (p < 0.01). Compared to Vitapex, EP presented statistically significantly better results in flow, radiopacity, pH, and filling capacity. Molars presented more filling failures than incisors. The insertion method using a syringe and a thin tip was significantly better than that using Lentulo spiral carriers.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Uso de resíduos tratados para adsorção do corante azul brilhante remazol em efluente sintético / Use of treated waste for adsorption of brilliant blue dye remazol in synthetic effluent

 A conservação ambiental e a reutilização de insumos têm sido temas de grande discussão em relação às indústrias químicas. Diversos trabalhos sugerem o uso de resíduos abundantes, de matriz porosa, na adsorção de contaminantes químicos. Esse trabalho buscou comparar o potencial de adsorção dos adsorventes sílica, lodo e bagaços de cana e de malte como formas de remover o corante azul brilhante remazol em efluente sintético. Avaliou-se a influência da massa e as isotermas de adsorção pelo modelo de Freundlich. O bagaço de cana foi o adsorvente que mais sofreu variação com o aumento da massa, enquanto o de malte teve a melhor adsorção na maior massa utilizada. Pelos resultados dos parâmetros de Freundlich, verificou-se que apesar de tratamentos físico-químicos o lodo e a sílica não apresentaram melhores desempenhos. Os bagaços de cana e de malte tiveram isotermas favoráveis por possuírem superfícies heterogêneas e disformes fazendo com os sítios não fossem ocupados da mesma forma. Os bagaços in natura, também, tiveram maiores constantes de Freundlich e, portanto, maiores energias médias de adsorção, enquanto os demais tiveram valores insignificantes. 

Xenotransplante: compreendendo seu passado e futuro

Desde a antiguidade, técnicas de transplantes são alvos constantes de estudo e de aperfeiçoamento, sendo um destes, o Xenotransplante. Do grego xenos, “forasteiro, estranho”, do latim transplantare, “plantar de novo em um lugar diferente” xenotransplante é a denominação do processo de transferir tecido ou órgãos de uma espécie para outra diferente