Temporary ectropion therapy by adhesive taping: a case study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Various surgical procedures are available to correct paralytic ectropion, which are applied in irreversible facial paresis. Problems occur when facial paresis has an unclear prognosis, since surgery of the lower eyelid is usually irreversible. We propose a simple method to correct temporary ectropion in facial palsy by applying an adhesive strip.</p> <p>Patients and methods</p> <p>Ten patients with peripheral facial paresis and paralytic ectropion were treated with an adhesive strip to correct paralytic ectropion. We used "Steri-Strips" (45 × 6.0 mm), which were taped on the carefully cleaned skin of the lower eyelid and of the adjacent zygomatic region until the prognosis of the paresis was clarified. In addition to the examiner's evaluation of the lower lacrimal point in the lacrimal lake, subjective improvement of the symptoms was assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS, 1–10).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>9 patients reported a clear improvement of the symptoms after adhesive taping. There was a clear regression of tearing (VAS (median) = 8; 1 = no improvement, 10 = very good improvement), the cosmetic impairment of the adhesive tape was low (VAS (median) = 2.5; 1 = no impairment, 10 = severe impairment) and most of the patients found the use of the adhesive strip helpful. There was slight reddening of the skin in one case and well tolerated by the facial skin in the other cases.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The cause and location of facial nerve damage are decisive for the type of surgical therapy. In potentially reversible facial paresis, procedures should be used that are easily performed and above all reversible without complications. Until a reliable prognosis of the paresis can be made, adhesive taping is suited for the temporary treatment of paralytic ectropion. Adhesive taping is simple and can be performed by the patient.</p

Correction: Distinct germline genetic susceptibility profiles identified for common non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes

Correction to: Leukemia https://doi.org/10.1038/s41375-022-01711-0, published online 22 October 202

Retrospective evaluation of whole exome and genome mutation calls in 746 cancer samples

Funder: NCI U24CA211006Abstract: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) curated consensus somatic mutation calls using whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS), respectively. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, which aggregated whole genome sequencing data from 2,658 cancers across 38 tumour types, we compare WES and WGS side-by-side from 746 TCGA samples, finding that ~80% of mutations overlap in covered exonic regions. We estimate that low variant allele fraction (VAF < 15%) and clonal heterogeneity contribute up to 68% of private WGS mutations and 71% of private WES mutations. We observe that ~30% of private WGS mutations trace to mutations identified by a single variant caller in WES consensus efforts. WGS captures both ~50% more variation in exonic regions and un-observed mutations in loci with variable GC-content. Together, our analysis highlights technological divergences between two reproducible somatic variant detection efforts

Intravitreal Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor for Macular Edema due to Complex Retinal Arterial Macroaneurysms

Introduction: Complex retinal arterial macroaneurysms (RAM) are often accompanied by hemorrhage and/or affect the macula. We evaluated the effect of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy using ranibizumab or aflibercept with or without laser photocoagulation in the treatment of macular edema due to RAM. Methods: A case report of two patients with secondary macular edema caused by RAM is presented. The first case was a 76-year-old female treated with two 0.5-mg injections of ranibizumab and additional focal laser photocoagulation. This patient presented a solely intraretinal exudation. The second patient was a 96-year-old female, who received one 2.0-mg injection of aflibercept. She showed sub- and intraretinal edema. We documented the clinical courses of these patients based on fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Patients were followed-up for 12 months. Results: Patients were treated successfully using anti-VEGF therapy (ranibizumab or aflibercept) with or without laser photocoagulation. In both cases, we observed a complete regression of the macular edema and an increase in visual acuity. Conclusion: RAM can manifest with heterogeneous findings. Intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy with or without laser photocoagulation may be an effective treatment option in cases of macular edema due to RAM. Aflibercept and ranibizumab seem to be a potent anti-VEGF therapy for RAM. Individualized patient care is needed

8. Chronische Krankheiten und Unfälle

Parallel zur ansteigenden Lebenserwartung in den meisten Ländern der Erde nimmt die Krankheitslast durch chronische Erkrankungen zu. Die Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) fasst die Gruppe der chronischen Erkrankungen auch unter dem Begriff ‚nichtübertragbare Krankheiten‘ (Non-communicable Diseases, NCD) zusammen. Dieser Begriff macht deutlich, dass die Erkrankungen, anders als die Infektionskrankheiten (übertragbare Krankheiten = Communicable Diseases; s. Kap. 9), nicht von Mensch zu Mensch oder von Tier zu Mensch übertragen werden können. Zu den nichtübertragbaren Krankheiten gehören u.a. Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen, Tumorerkrankungen, Diabetes mellitus, Erkrankungen des Bewegungsapparates, chronische Atemwegserkrankungen und psychische Störungen. Sie sind in der WHO-Region Europa derzeit für 86 % aller Todesfälle und 77 % der Krankheitslast verantwortlich. Damit tragen sie erheblich zur Beeinträchtigungen von Lebensqualität, Arbeitsfähigkeit und Lebenserwartung der Bevölkerung bei. Bei der Entstehung chronischer Krankheiten spielen oftmals dieselben Risikofaktoren und Gesundheitsverhaltensweisen eine Rolle, sodass hier Ansatzpunkte für gesundheitsfördernde Interventionen bestehen. Zudem sterben weltweit jährlich mehr als 1,3 Mio. Menschen durch tödliche Unfälle. Eine bedeutende Rolle spielt dabei der Straßenverkehr. Verletzungen könnten daher v.a. aufgrund der Zunahme des Straßenverkehrs in den nächsten Jahrzehnten zur häufigsten Todesursache werden. In diesem Kapitel gehen wir daher auf das Thema ‚Unfälle‘ und auf die wichtigsten chronischen Erkrankungen ein. Wir betrachten jeweils die epidemiologischen Daten (Inzidenz, Prävalenz, Morbidität, Mortalität und Burden of Disease), gehen kurz auf Ursachen, Risikofaktoren, Folge- und Begleiterkrankungen ein und beschäftigen uns schließlich mit den möglichen präventiven und therapeutischen Maßnahmen. Nicht für alle Erkrankungen bzw. Erkrankungsgruppen gibt es Berechnungen zu den durch sie entstehenden Gesundheitskosten, die wir dann ggf. auch diskutieren

Sex differences in oncogenic mutational processes

Funder: Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology); doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100002790Funder: Genome Canada (Génome Canada); doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/100008762Funder: Canada Foundation for Innovation (Fondation canadienne pour l'innovation); doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000196Funder: Terry Fox Research Institute (Institut de Recherche Terry Fox); doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100004376Abstract: Sex differences have been observed in multiple facets of cancer epidemiology, treatment and biology, and in most cancers outside the sex organs. Efforts to link these clinical differences to specific molecular features have focused on somatic mutations within the coding regions of the genome. Here we report a pan-cancer analysis of sex differences in whole genomes of 1983 tumours of 28 subtypes as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium. We both confirm the results of exome studies, and also uncover previously undescribed sex differences. These include sex-biases in coding and non-coding cancer drivers, mutation prevalence and strikingly, in mutational signatures related to underlying mutational processes. These results underline the pervasiveness of molecular sex differences and strengthen the call for increased consideration of sex in molecular cancer research