484 research outputs found

    Depression, socialization and autonomy in institutionalized elderly

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    INTRODUCCIÓN: La depresión es una de las enfermedades más comunes en la tercera edad. La existencia de tratamientos eficaces puede mejorar la calidad de vida de este grupo de población. La epidemiología de la depresión es mayor en ancianos institucionalizados que en los que viven fuera de estos centros. Existen variables a tener en cuenta para mejorar el estado depresivo en la población de mayores. OBJETIVOS: Como objetivo nos planteamos conocer si determinadas variables de dependencia, socioemocionales y sociodemográficas pueden influir en la depresión de este colectivo de ancianos de centros geriátricos. Y consideramos la hipótesis de a mayor dependencia y menor socialización del sujeto, la depresión será mayor. PARTICIPANTES: Se escogió una muestra de 80 ancianos ingresados en una residencia geriátrica mixta dependiente de la Diputación Provincial de Salamanca. MÉTODO: Se utilizó el cuestionario GDS-8 de Depresión Geriátrica de Yesevage, cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos, socioemocionales y de dependencia. Se aplicaron estadísticos descriptivos e inferenciales a los datos a través de programa SPSS. RESULTADOS: Los resultados indican que las puntuaciones más altas en variables de dependencia están asociada a puntuaciones más altas en depresión. Es mayor en mujeres que en hombres, y en viudos o divorciados que en casados o con pareja. Y mayor también cuanto menor es la puntuación en variables de socialización. El 25% de los participantes dan puntuaciones significativamente altas en depresión. CONCLUSIÓN: A tenor de los resultados, se han comprobado la hipótesis y se han cumplido los objetivos planteados en la investigación. Potenciar y desarrollar la autonomía, el contacto social será parece una buena forma para prevenir los estados depresivos es ancianos institucionalizados.INTRODUCTION: Depression is one of the most common diseases in the elderly. The existence of effective treatments can improve the quality of life of this population group. The epidemiology of depression is greater in institutionalized elders than in those who live outside these centers. There are variables to be taken into account to improve depressive status in the elderly population. OBJECTIVES: As a goal we ask ourselves to know if certain variables of dependency, emotional and sociodemographic can influence the depression of this group of elderly geriatric centers. And we consider the hypothesis of a greater dependence and less socialization of the subject, the depression will be greater. PARTICIPANTS: A sample of 80 elderly people admitted to a mixed geriatric residence dependent on the Provincial Council of Salamanca was chosen. METHOD: The GDS-8 of geriatric depression of Yesevage, questionnaire data demographic, emotional and dependency were used. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied to the data through the SPSS program. RESULTS: The results indicate that higher scores in dependency variables are associated with higher scores in depression. It is greater in women than in men, and in widows or divorced than in married or with couple. And higher also the lower the punctuation in values of socialization. 25% of the participants give significantly high scores in depression. CONCLUSION: According to the results, the hypothesis has been verified and the objectives raised in the investigation have been fulfilled. Empowering and developing autonomy, social contact will be seems a good way to prevent depressive states is institutionalized elders.peerReviewe

    Anxiety and self-efficacy in caregivers of Alzheimer patients

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    ANTECEDENTES: En España, la enfermedad de Alzheimer es la primera de las enfermedades degenerativas por número de pacientes, así como la primera causa de demencia en la población de mayores. En un alto porcentaje de estos casos, son las familias quienes asumen el cuidado de estos enfermos. Y de estos cuidadores el 65% de ellos sufrirán cambios vitales y una merma en su salud psico-física, llegando el 20% a desarrollar cuadros de Burnout. OBJETIVOS: Averiguar los niveles de ansiedad y autoeficacia en cuidadores de enfermos de Alzheimer. Planteando la hipótesis de que existen diferencias en cuanto a las variables objeto de estudio dependiendo de las ayudas, horas de dedicación y antigüedad en los cuidados. MUESTRA: Se escogió una muestra de 56 cuidadores de pacientes de Alzheimer a través de la Asociación de Alzheimer de Salamanca. MÉTODO: Se les aplicó, el test STAI de ansiedad (Spielberger) y otro de autoeficacia (Sherer) y se recogieron datos sociodemográficos, dedicación diaria, antigüedad de cuidador y ayudas externas recibidas. Se tabularon los datos y se averiguaron estadísticos descriptivos e inferenciales a través del SPSS. RESULTADOS: Los resultados indican que variables como autoeficacia y ansiedad están moduladas respecto al tiempo de dedicación a los cuidados, disminuyendo la ansiedad y aumentando la autoeficacia con la duración de éstos. Sucede lo mismo con estas variables respecto a la antigüedad de cuidador. Y según las ayudas que reciben, las de psicólogos aportan mayor autoeficacia mientras que las ayudas médicas dan menor ansiedad. CONCLUSIÓN: Se han verificado las hipótesis de la investigación así la mayor antigüedad en los cuidados facilita mejorar su ansiedad y aumentar la autoeficacia. El tiempo de dedicación proporciona mayor autoeficacia y menor ansiedad. Y las ayudas externas profesionales son positivas para la salud del cuidador, aunque proporcionan mayor autoeficacia y menor ansiedad en función de la especialidad de quien las proporciona.BACKGROUND: In Spain, Alzheimer’s disease is the first of degenerative diseases by number of patients, as well as the first cause of dementia in the elderly population. In a high percentage of these cases, it is the families who take care of these patients. And of these caregivers, 65% of them will suffer vital changes and a decrease in their psycho-physical health, reaching 20% to develop pictures of Burnout. OBJECTIVES: To find out the levels of anxiety and self-efficacy in caregivers of Alzheimer patients. Raising the hypothesis that there are differences in the variables under study depending on the aid, hours of dedication and seniority in care. SAMPLE: We selected a sample of 56 caregivers of Alzheimer’s patients through the Alzheimer’s Association of Salamanca. METHOD: They were given a test of anxiety STAI (Spielberger) and another of self-efficacy (Sherer) and collected demographic data, daily dedication, caregiver seniority and external AIDS received. Data were tabulated and descriptive and inferential statistics were found through the SPSS. RESULTS: The results indicate that variables such as self-efficacy and anxiety are modulated with respect to time of dedication to care, reducing anxiety and increasing self-efficacy with their duration. The same thing happens with these variables regarding the antiquity of caregiver. And according to the aid they receive, the psychologists provide more self-efficacy while medical aid gives less anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: The research hypothesis has been verified so the greater antiquity in the care facilitates to improve its anxiety and to increase the self-efficacy. Dedication time provides greater self-efficacy and less anxiety. And professional external aids are positive for the caregiver’s health, although they provide greater self- efficacy and less anxiety depending on the specialty of those who provide them.peerReviewe

    El reto de la destreza del speaking en centros de educación secundaria monolingües de Andalucía

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    Spain, following the recommendations of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR, 2011), is undergoing a quick English-learning process in order to qualify the population as citizens of the world. The mastering of speaking skills in English is crucial to ease personal, social, political, professional and economic relationships. For this reason, the objectives of this paper are: analysing the current regional and national legislation regarding foreign language communication; understanding how relevant it is for the Andalusian population to speak fluently in English, given the magnitude of the international tourism industry in Andalusia and the current European socio-educational context; as well as knowing if Andalusian Secondary Education students are aware of this situation, and how comfortable they feel with their current oral-skills in English nowadays.España, siguiendo las recomendaciones del Marco Común Europeo de Referencia para las Lenguas (MCER, 2011), se encuentra inmersa en un rápido proceso de aprendizaje del inglés que permita a sus gentes convertirse en ciudadanos del mundo. El dominio del componente oral de esta lengua es fundamental para facilitar las relaciones sociales, laborales, políticas o económicas. Por ello, esta investigación establece los siguientes objetivos: analizar la legislación estatal y autonómica vigente con respecto a la comunicación en lenguas extranjeras; entender hasta qué punto es relevante para la población andaluza el hecho de poder hablar con fluidez en lengua inglesa dada la envergadura del turismo internacional en Andalucía y el contexto socioeducativo europeo actual; tratar de averiguar si los estudiantes de Educación Secundaria andaluces son conscientes de esta situación, y conocer cómo de cómodos se sienten hoy día con la práctica de la destreza oral o speaking en lengua inglesa

    La enseñanza de lenguas extranjeras: propuestas de mejora

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    Those involved in the teaching of foreign languages in general, and in the teaching of English in particular, are aware of the challenges they face when it comes to doing their job. This article analyzes some of the main reasons why the process of teaching a foreign language should be revised. Concentrating specifically on Spain, possible solutions and strategies will be presented to combat previously discovered deficiencies. In this sense, it is considered that the analyzed proposals can be a reference for the successful study of the situation in relation to the provision of positive strategies and solutions. It is important to highlight that this analysis has been carried out after detecting a series of problems. The results are aimed at becoming one of the main engines that triggers an in-depth debate. This debate should lead to change the methodology, training, design, conception and, ultimately, the teaching of foreign languages in Spain.2018-1

    Racismo: um desafio para a educação bilíngue em Madrid

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    With the increasing prevalence of bilingual public and private schools, the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages heavily influences how English is taught in Spain, emphasizing plurilingualism and communicative competence, underlining the importance of education to reduce inequality and discrimination, and improving intercultural understanding. Since bilingual education can greatly impact this scenario (whether positively or negatively), it is important to outline the advantages and disadvantages of bilingual education nowadays. Additionally, we should admit that English language classes both disprove and propagate stereotypes, providing opportunities due to the ubiquity of the language, although not to everyone. This study aims to evaluate the success of English in secondary education, if it effectively gives opportunities and opens students to new cultures and if it raises awareness about racism. A survey was conducted with 406 students of Compulsory Secondary Education 1st and 4th grades at three schools in the Community of Madrid. We hypothesized that bilingual education students would be more open to difference and to new opportunities and would be more likely to recognize and challenge discrimination. The study found no significant differences in the responses given at the three schools. We contend that formal education impeded truthful answers and that a more casual questionnaire would be more appropriate.A forma como a língua inglesa é ensinada na Espanha, com a crescente oferta de escolas bilíngues, tanto públicas quanto privadas, é fortemente influenciada pelo Quadro Europeu Comum de Referência para as Línguas. Este documento enfatiza os valores do plurilinguismo e da competência comunicativa, ao passo que sublinha a importância de reduzir a desigualdade e a discriminação e de melhorar a compreensão intercultural no âmbito da educação. Como se constata que a educação bilíngue tem impacto positivo e negativo neste aspecto, é importante destacar suas vantagens e desvantagens na atualidade. Por outro lado, deve-se admitir que as aulas de língua inglesa demonstram tanto refutar quanto propagar estereótipos, e que a onipresença do inglês oferece oportunidades, ainda que não para todos. Este trabalho teve como objetivos: avaliar o sucesso do ensino do inglês no ensino secundário; a efetiva oferta de oportunidades e abertura dos horizontes dos alunos a novas culturas; e o potencial aumento da sua consciência sobre o racismo. Foi realizada uma pesquisa entre 406 alunos do 1º e 4º anos do ensino secundário obrigatório de três escolas da Comunidade de Madrid. Levantou-se a hipótese de que os alunos da educação bilíngue estivessem mais abertos à diferença e a novas oportunidades e fossem mais propensos a reconhecer e desafiar a discriminação. O estudo não encontrou diferenças significativas nas respostas recebidas nas três escolas. Argumentou-se, por fim, que o contexto formal de estudo representou um empecilho à obtenção de respostas verdadeiras e que um questionário mais casual seria mais apropriado

    Proyección de los intereses de la Unión Europea en el océano Índico: una cuestión geoestratégica

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    El océano Índico es un espacio en el que confluyen actividades comerciales internacionales con otras ilícitas, lo que convierte al Cuerno de África en una región de conflicto. El principal desafío en esa zona marítima estratégica es la piratería, que se ve favorecida por la falta de gobernanza, la pobreza, la desestructuración social y estatal, la corrupción y la sobreexplotación de recursos. Estos factores son comunes a todos los países del África oriental, e impiden que las distintas iniciativas de paz y progreso resulten viables. Pese a la disminución de la piratería en Somalia, como consecuencia de las intervenciones internacionales, la inestabilidad en la región persiste, lo que supone un riesgo para los intereses de los actores que desarrollan sus actividades en esa parte del mundo. La respuesta implementada hasta la fecha ha sido el despliegue militar para contener la piratería, ahora cuestionada por la disminución del riesgo. El objetivo del artículo es determinar si las acciones de la Unión Europea están guiadas por las amenazas a la seguridad marítima o si, por el contrario, suponen una proyección de sus propios intereses, en un juego de poder en el que la falta de presencia conllevaría la pérdida de influencia regional e internacional

    Measuring knowledge of Alzheimer's: Development and psychometric testing of the UJA Alzheimer's Care Scale

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    Background: Care for people with Alzheimer’s disease or other dementias should be based on up-to-date clinical practice guidelines. The education and training of nurses and other healthcare staff in dementia is a key factor in providing quality care. Knowledge of Alzheimer’s disease can be measured through questionnaires. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a scale to measure Alzheimer’s disease knowledge among both nursing staff and students. Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey study undertaken in three stages: 1) development of the questionnaire and item wording; 2) content validation by an expert panel; 3) questionnaire testing with two samples to establish psychometric properties. Sample 1 comprised 361 Registered Nurses, Assistant Nurses and eldercare workers from 24 nursing homes in Jaén (southern Spain). Sample 2 comprised 297 nursing students. The data were analysed through item analysis and a Rasch model. Convergent and construct validity and internal consistency were also examined. Results: The 23-item UJA Alzheimer’s Care Scale shows good outfit and infit values based on the Rasch model. One item presented differential functioning between Registered Nurses and Assistant Nurses. The intraclass correlation coefficient between the UJA Alzheimer’s Care Scale and the Spanish version of the Dementia Knowledge Assessment Tool 2 showed strong agreement among nursing staff (0.63) and students (0.79). The scale is able to distinguish between professionals with low or high knowledge of Alzheimer’s care. The overall Cronbach’s alphas were 0.70 (nursing staff) and 0.82 (nursing students). The intraclass correlation coefficient between the first test and the retest was good (0.84). Conclusions: The UJA Alzheimer’s Care Scale is a useful tool for measuring knowledge of Alzheimer’s disease and dementia care among nursing professionals or nursing students. The initial validation study obtained good psychometric properties concerning validity and reliability

    Characteristics of women with type 2 diabetes mellitus and heart failure in Spain: the DIABET-IC study

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    [Abstract] Background: Heart failure (HF) is the second most common initial presentation of cardiovascular disease in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). T2DM carries an increased risk of HF in women. The aim of this study is to analyze the clinical characteristics and the treatment received by women with HF and T2DM in Spain. Methods: The DIABET-IC study included 1517 patients with T2DM in 2018–2019 in Spain, in 30 centers, which included the first 20 patients with T2DM seen in cardiology and endocrinology clinics. They underwent clinical evaluation, echocardiography, and analysis, with a 3-year follow-up. Baseline data are presented in this study. Results: 1517 patients were included (501 women; aged 67.28 ± 10.06 years). Women were older (68.81 ± 9.90 vs. 66.53 ± 10.06 years; p < 0.001) and had a lower frequency of a history of coronary disease. There was a history of HF in 554 patients, which was more frequent in women (38.04% vs. 32.86%; p < 0.001), and preserved ejection fraction being more frequent in them (16.12% vs. 9.00%; p < 0.001). There were 240 patients with reduced ejection fraction. Women less frequently received treatment with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (26.20% vs. 36.79%), neprilysin inhibitors (6.00% vs. 13.51%), mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (17.40% vs. 23.08%), beta-blockers (52.40% vs. 61.44%), and ivabradine (3.60% vs. 7.10%) (p < 0.001 for all), and 58% received guideline-directed medical therapy. Conclusions: A selected cohort with HF and T2DM attending cardiology and endocrinology clinics did not receive optimal treatment, and this finding was more pronounced in women
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