Anar a servir: Les minyones a Montblanc durant la primera meitat del segle XX (1930-1950)

Estudi de les dones que treballaven com a minyones a Montblanc segons els padrons d’habitants de 1930 i 1950, s’analitzen les seves edats, estat civil, origen geogràfic i els amos de les cases on servienStudy of women working as maids in Montblanc according to the census of inhabitants in 1930 and 1950, analyzed their age, marital status, geographical origin and the owners of the houses where they servedEstudio del trabajo femenino como sirvientas en Montblanc según los padrones de habitantes de 1930 y 1950, se analizan sus edades, su estado civil, su orígen geográfico, y los amos de las casas donde prestaban su servicio

Determination of the influence of specific building regulations in smart buildings

The automation of domestic services began to be implemented in buildings since the late nineteenth century, and today we are used to terms like ‘intelligent buildings’, ‘digital home’ or ‘domotic buildings’. These concepts tell us about constructions which integrate new technologies in order to improve comfort, optimize energy consumption or enhance the security of users. In conjunction, building regulations have been updated to suit the needs of society and to regulate these new facilities in such structures. However, we are not always sure about how far, from the quantitative or qualitative point of view, legislation should regulate certain aspects of the building activity. Consequently, content analysis is adopted in this research to determine the influence of building regulations in the implementation of new technologies in the construction process. This study includes the analysis of different European regulations, the collection and documentation of such guidelines that have been established and a study of the impact that all of these have had in the way we start thinking an architectural project. The achievements of the research could be explained in terms of the regulatory requirements that must be taken into account in order to achieve a successful implementation of a home automation system, and the key finding has been the confirmation of how the design of smart buildings may be promoted through specific regulatory requirements while other factors, such as the global economic situation, do not seem to affect directly the rate of penetration of home automation in construction

Cómo motivar a los estudiantes de secundaria mediante actividades de ciencias atractivas y divertidas

Se presenta una propuesta de formación del profesorado llevada a cabo durante dos cursos académicos (2006/08) con la finalidad de mejorar la motivación e interés de los estudiantes hacia el aprendizaje de las ciencias. Se diseñó e implementó un curso desde la perspectiva de una ciencia comprometida, pero también amena, creativa y divertida, incluyendo actividades interactivas realizadas en colaboración con el Museo de Ciencias Príncipe Felipe, experimentos de laboratorio, textos divulgativos con enfoques CTSA (Ciencia-Tecnología-Sociedad-Ambiente), juguetes científicos, así como el aporte de experiencias provenientes de otros países europeos (Alemania, Francia y Reino Unido). Esta iniciativa, en la que han participado 80 profesores ha sido un instrumento eficaz tanto para la mejora de la motivación como para promover la formación de comunidades de práctica

Clinical ethical dilemmas for vascular surgeons (The vascuethics study) : are self-interest attitudes related to profeccional seniority

Producción CientíficaObjective. To evaluate the association between professional seniority and self-interest (PSI) attitudes in the resolution of vascular ethical dilemmas (VED). Design. Cross-sectional. Subjects. Vascular surgeons (residents included) from the 28 vascular teaching departments of Spain. Measurements. Multidisciplinary team-designed questionnaire of 5 VED. Each VED had 3 different answers (attitudes): 2 favouring legitimate ethical attitudes (LEA) and 1 favouring PSI. The questionnaire was self-administered and all participants stated their degree of agreement with each answer on a continuous Likert scale. PSI was evaluated by: (1) adding the magnitudes of the 5 answers favouring PSI (absPSI); and (2) by comparing in each case the magnitude of the PSI answer with that of the 2 LEA (relPSI). Statistics. Linear regression adjusted by confounding factors. Results. Two hundred and fifty-three vascular surgeons from the 26 participating teaching vascular departments of public hospitals completed the questionnaire (87.5% surgeons/department). Surgeon characteristics were: (1) median age 37 years; (2) 187 (74%) male; (3) 59 (23%) brought up with a health professional relative; (4) 94 (38%) had additional private practice; (5) 133 (65%) professed religious beliefs; and (6) 1–10 years of experience in 116 (47%), 11–20 years in 58 (24%), 21–30 years in 57 (23%), and .30 years in 15 (6%). The multivariate analysis disclosed that for every 10-years rise in professional seniority there was a 3.2% increase in absPSI (p ¼ 0.007, adjusted by variables 3 and 4), and a 3.4% increase in relPSI (p ¼ 0.002, adjusted by variable 5). Conclusions. Professional seniority is associated with a slight increase in pro-PSI attitudes in cases of vascular ethical dilemma. Both vascular surgeons and health institutions should promote the reversal of this worrying tendency

Hyperbolic Deformation on Quantum Lattice Hamiltonians

A group of non-uniform quantum lattice Hamiltonians in one dimension is introduced, which is related to the hyperbolic $1 + 1$-dimensional space. The Hamiltonians contain only nearest neighbor interactions whose strength is proportional to $\cosh j \lambda$, where $j$ is the lattice index and where $\lambda \ge 0$ is a deformation parameter. In the limit $\lambda \to 0$ the Hamiltonians become uniform. Spacial translation of the deformed Hamiltonians is induced by the corner Hamiltonians. As a simple example, we investigate the ground state of the deformed $S = 1/2$ Heisenberg spin chain by use of the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) method. It is shown that the ground state is dimerized when $\lambda$ is finite. Spin correlation function show exponential decay, and the boundary effect decreases with increasing $\lambda$.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Robustness Optimization of an Existing Tablet Coating Process Applying Retrospective Knowledge (rQbD) and Validation

The objective of these studies is to verify and validate the improvement in the inter-tablet coating uniformity for an industrially commercialized coated tablet, without involving changes in the approved registration dossier. Using the CPP (critical process parameters) determined from previous retrospective statistical analysis, the recommended working ranges are identified. Retrospective analysis showed that the design of experiments (DoE) provided an improved process variable configuration. Therefore, it is decided to study two critical parameters: Product temperature and drum speed, with an additional 22 experimental design. The quality results of the samples analyzed show that the aesthetic defects of the batches made with the new working ranges have been reduced. These results have also been corroborated with the 42 industrial batches manufactured with the new ranges. With the optimized parameters, tablets have been coated and the suitability of the model determined. The results demonstrated the overall reliability and effectiveness of the proposed Quality by Design approach and provides a useful tool to help optimize the industrial coating process. This study confirms that it is possible to optimize and validate the manufacturing process of an existing commercial product by means of a DoE with retrospective data. Therefore, no variation in the dossier is required

Cómo motivar a los estudiantes de secundaria mediante actividades de ciencias atractivas y divertidas

Se presenta una propuesta de formación del profesorado llevada a cabo durante dos cursos académicos (2006/08) con la finalidad de mejorar la motivación e interés de los estudiantes hacia el aprendizaje de las ciencias. Se diseñó e implementó un curso desde la perspectiva de una ciencia comprometida, pero también amena, creativa y divertida, incluyendo actividades interactivas realizadas en colaboración con el Museo de Ciencias Príncipe Felipe, experimentos de laboratorio, textos divulgativos con enfoques CTSA (Ciencia-Tecnología-Sociedad-Ambiente), juguetes científicos, así como el aporte de experiencias provenientes de otros países europeos (Alemania, Francia y Reino Unido). Esta iniciativa, en la que han participado 80 profesores ha sido un instrumento eficaz tanto para la mejora de la motivación como para promover la formación de comunidades de práctica

The three-dimensional random field Ising magnet: interfaces, scaling, and the nature of states

The nature of the zero temperature ordering transition in the 3D Gaussian random field Ising magnet is studied numerically, aided by scaling analyses. In the ferromagnetic phase the scaling of the roughness of the domain walls, $w\sim L^\zeta$, is consistent with the theoretical prediction $\zeta = 2/3$. As the randomness is increased through the transition, the probability distribution of the interfacial tension of domain walls scales as for a single second order transition. At the critical point, the fractal dimensions of domain walls and the fractal dimension of the outer surface of spin clusters are investigated: there are at least two distinct physically important fractal dimensions. These dimensions are argued to be related to combinations of the energy scaling exponent, $\theta$, which determines the violation of hyperscaling, the correlation length exponent $\nu$, and the magnetization exponent $\beta$. The value $\beta = 0.017\pm 0.005$ is derived from the magnetization: this estimate is supported by the study of the spin cluster size distribution at criticality. The variation of configurations in the interior of a sample with boundary conditions is consistent with the hypothesis that there is a single transition separating the disordered phase with one ground state from the ordered phase with two ground states. The array of results are shown to be consistent with a scaling picture and a geometric description of the influence of boundary conditions on the spins. The details of the algorithm used and its implementation are also described.Comment: 32 pp., 2 columns, 32 figure