A engenharia sanitária a serviço do urbanismo: a contribuição de Saturnino de Brito e Victor da Silva Freire para a construção dos saberes urbanos

Este trabajo analiza dos figuras de primer plano de la urbanística brasileña de la vuelta del siglo XX: los ingenieros Saturnino de Brito y Victor da Silva Freire. Ellos contribuyeron con su pensamiento y actividad, a la introducción y adaptación en Brasil de conceptos urbanísticos, debatidos en Europa y Estados Unidos en esta época. Sus textos de la década de 1910 permiten una actualización sobre el diálogo transnacional existente en el momento entre los expertos en cuestiones urbanas: referencias, citas y algunas omisiones contenidas en sus escritos ayudan a reconstruir una parte importante de la historia del urbanismo en Brasil como conocimiento y savoir-faire.This paper studies two prominent figures of Brazilian urbanism at the turn of the 20th century: the engineers Saturnino de Brito and Victor da Silva Freire. They contributed, with their ideas and activity, to the introduction and adaptation in Brazil of town planning concepts, discussed at that time debated in Europe and in the United States. Their texts from 1910’s, provide a review on transnational dialogue among experts in urban issues. References, quotations and some omissions contained in their writings help us to reconstruct an important part of the history of town planning, as knowledge and know-how, in Brazil.Este trabalho analisa duas figuras de primeiro plano do urbanismo brasileiro da virada do século XX: os engenheiros Saturnino de Brito e Victor da Silva Freire. Eles contribuíram com seus pensamentos e atividades para a introdução e adaptação no Brasil de conceitos urbanísticos então debatidos na Europa e nos Estados Unidos. Seus textos da década de 1910 permitem uma atualização sobre o diálogo transnacional existente na época entre os especialistas em questões urbanas: referências, citações e algumas omissões contidas em seus escritos ajudam a reconstruir uma parte importante da história do urbanismo no Brasil, como conhecimento e savoir-faire

Tag-based Visual Odometry Estimation for Indoor UAVs Localization

The agility and versatility offered by UAV platforms still encounter obstacles for full exploitation in industrial applications due to their indoor usage limitations. A significant challenge in this sense is finding a reliable and cost-effective way to localize aerial vehicles in a GNSS-denied environment. In this paper, we focus on the visual-based positioning paradigm: high accuracy in UAVs position and orientation estimation is achieved by leveraging the potentials offered by a dense and size-heterogenous map of tags. In detail, we propose an efficient visual odometry procedure focusing on hierarchical tags selection, outliers removal, and multi-tag estimation fusion, to facilitate the visual-inertial reconciliation. Experimental results show the validity of the proposed localization architecture as compared to the state of the art

A single-stage megaflood at the termination of the Messinian salinity crisis: Geophysical and modelling evidence from the eastern Mediterranean Basin

Highlights • We analyse seismic stratigraphy of post-Messinian succession in west Ionian Basin. • Termination of Messinian salinity crisis consisted of a single-stage Zanclean flood. • Megaflood followed a sea level drawdown of 1900 m in eastern Mediterranean. • Fine, well-sorted sediments are predicted in the thicker sections of flood deposit. • NW Ionian Basin hosts evidence of episodic slope instability after 1.8 Ma. Abstract The Messinian salinity crisis was an extraordinary event that resulted in the deposition of kilometre-thick evaporite sequences in the Mediterranean Sea after the latter became disconnected from the world's oceans. The return to fully and stable marine conditions at the end of the crisis is still subject to debate. Three main hypotheses, based on geophysical and borehole data, onshore outcrops and climate simulations, have been put forward. These include a single-stage catastrophic flood, a two-step reflooding scenario, and an overspill of Paratethyan water followed by Atlantic inflow. In this study, two research questions are addressed: (i) Which event marked the termination of the Messinian salinity crisis? (ii) What was the sea level in the eastern Mediterranean Sea during this event? Geophysical data from the western Ionian Basin are integrated with numerical simulations to infer that the termination of the crisis consisted of a single-stage megaflood following a sea level drawdown of 1900 m. This megaflood deposited an extensive sedimentary body with a chaotic to transparent seismic signature at the base of the Malta Escarpment. Fine, well-sorted sediments are predicted to have been deposited within the thicker sections of the flood deposit, whereas a more variable distribution of coarser sediments is expected elsewhere. The north-western Ionian Basin hosts evidence of episodic post-Messinian salinity crisis slope instability events in the last ~1.8 Ma. The largest of these emplaced a >200 km3 deposit and is associated with failure of the head of Noto Canyon (offshore SE Sicily). Apart from unravelling the final phase of the Messinian salinity crisis and the ensuing stratigraphic evolution of the western Ionian Basin, our results are also relevant to better understand megafloods, which are some of the most catastrophic geological processes on Earth and Mars

No caminho para o urbanismo. Saturnino de Brito e Édouard Imbeaux, trajetórias profissionais entre Brasil e França

The aim of this work is to establish a dialogue between the professional trajectories of two engineers: Saturnino de Brito (1864-1929) and Édouard Imbeaux (1861-1943). They both focussed on the city as object of action and reflection based on an innovative knowledge of hygiene and sanitation issues. The specificity of these trajectories is the association of practice, theoretical reflection and dissemination: these two professionals respectively contributed, in their countries, to the construction of Town planning as a discipline, in particular in relation to its technical approach. The international scene is an important dimension of their activity as it made possible the circulation / comparison of technical knowledge between Europe and Brazil and it contributed to find a specific and appropriate response to the problems of the city. The interaction of local, national and international scene allows another perspective of the professional trajectories of Saturnino de Brito and Edouard Imbeaux.O objetivo deste trabalho é estabelecer um diálogo entre duas trajetórias profissionais, a de Saturnino de Brito (1864-1929) e a de Édouard Imbeaux (1861-1943), que privilegiaram a cidade como objeto de ação e de reflexão, as quais são construídas a partir de um conhecimento inovador sobre as questões de higiene e saneamento. A especificidade desses percursos é a associação da prática com a reflexão teórica e sua difusão: estes dois profissionais contribuíram, assim, cada um em seu país, para a construção da disciplina urbanística, especialmente em sua abordagem técnica. O cenário internacional constitui uma dimensão importante de sua ação, que tornou possível a circulação/confronto de saberes técnicos entre Europa e Brasil e contribuiu com a pesquisa de uma resposta concreta e adaptada aos problemas da cidade. A interação do cenário local, nacional e internacional permite trazer um outro olhar sobre as trajetórias profissionais de Saturnino de Brito e Édouard Imbeaux

Human Papillomavirus Genotype Distribution among Cervical Cancer Patients prior to Brazilian National HPV Immunization Program

To evaluate the impact of HPV immunization and possible changes in virus type-specific prevalence associated with cervical cancer, it is important to obtain baseline information based on socioeconomic, educational, and environmental characteristics in human populations. We describe these characteristics and the type-specific HPV distribution in 1,183 women diagnosed with cervical cancer in two Brazilian healthcare institutions located at the Southeastern (Rio de Janeiro/RJ) and the Amazonian (Belém/PA) regions. Large differences were observed between women in these regions regarding economic, educational, and reproductive characteristics. The eight most frequent HPV types found in tumor samples were the following: 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 45, 52, and 58. Some HPV types classified as unknown or low risk were found in tumor samples with single infections, HPV 83 in RJ and HPV 11, 61, and 69 in PA. The proportion of squamous cervical cancer was lower in RJ than in PA (76.3% versus 87.3%, 푝 < 0.001). Adenocarcinoma was more frequent in RJ than in PA (13.5% versus 6.9%, 푝 < 0.001). The frequency of HPV 16 in PA was higher in younger women (푝 < 0.05). The success of a cervical cancer control program should consider HPV types, local health system organization, and sociodemographic diversity of Brazilian regions

Serum Albumin Is Inversely Associated With Portal Vein Thrombosis in Cirrhosis

We analyzed whether serum albumin is independently associated with portal vein thrombosis (PVT) in liver cirrhosis (LC) and if a biologic plausibility exists. This study was divided into three parts. In part 1 (retrospective analysis), 753 consecutive patients with LC with ultrasound-detected PVT were retrospectively analyzed. In part 2, 112 patients with LC and 56 matched controls were entered in the cross-sectional study. In part 3, 5 patients with cirrhosis were entered in the in vivo study and 4 healthy subjects (HSs) were entered in the in vitro study to explore if albumin may affect platelet activation by modulating oxidative stress. In the 753 patients with LC, the prevalence of PVT was 16.7%; logistic analysis showed that only age (odds ratio [OR], 1.024; P = 0.012) and serum albumin (OR, -0.422; P = 0.0001) significantly predicted patients with PVT. Analyzing the 112 patients with LC and controls, soluble clusters of differentiation (CD)40-ligand (P = 0.0238), soluble Nox2-derived peptide (sNox2-dp; P < 0.0001), and urinary excretion of isoprostanes (P = 0.0078) were higher in patients with LC. In LC, albumin was correlated with sCD4OL (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient [r(s)], -0.33; P < 0.001), sNox2-dp (r(s), -0.57; P < 0.0001), and urinary excretion of isoprostanes (r(s), -0.48; P < 0.0001) levels. The in vivo study showed a progressive decrease in platelet aggregation, sNox2-dp, and urinary 8-iso prostaglandin F2 alpha-III formation 2 hours and 3 days after albumin infusion. Finally, platelet aggregation, sNox2-dp, and isoprostane formation significantly decreased in platelets from HSs incubated with scalar concentrations of albumin. Conclusion: Low serum albumin in LC is associated with PVT, suggesting that albumin could be a modulator of the hemostatic system through interference with mechanisms regulating platelet activation

From Barcelona to Marseille. Actors, models and experiences of public space planning in west Mediterranean port cities (1980-2014)

International audienc

L’aménagement temporaire, outil fédérateur pour la co-construction du projet urbain

À l’heure où de nombreuses collectivités locales cherchent à définir des méthodes d’implication des habitants dans le processus de projet, l’aménagement temporaire peut constituer un outil fédérateur pour permettre la participation des citoyens à la production de territoires urbains. Les affectations transitoires peuvent favoriser le développement d’espaces urbains plus en adéquation avec les besoins des habitants et des usagers et offrir un moyen d’expérimenter, sur une période limitée dans le temps, de nouvelles formes culturelles et sociales. La construction de projets ouverts à la participation citoyenne et à celle de partenaires nouveaux, comme les collectifs et les associations, est explorée à travers deux exemples, à Marseille et à Clermont Ferrand. L’aménagement temporaire prend forme dans ces deux cas sur des délaissés urbains et s’intercale entre une ancienne et une nouvelle affectation à caractère définitif. Clôturés et ainsi éloignés du regard, ces délaissés urbains provisoires sont à la fois lieux de résistance face à l’espace urbain normé et homogène et lieux d’expression de besoins non pris en compte par les projets d’aménagement. Cette réflexion s’inscrit et s’appuie sur une série de travaux initiée notamment par Maria Gravari-Barbas et Lauren Andres sur les délaissés urbains et la manière dont ils peuvent être support de processus d’appropriation. La dimension projectuelle de l’aménagement temporaire peut prendre toute sa signification dans la mise en œuvre du projet urbain, considéré comme un processus associant maitrise d’ouvrage et maitrise d’usage dans une dimension multi-scalaire et itérative. Si une stigmatisation, un a priori négatif, accompagnent souvent ces espaces en transition, associés plus à la marginalité qu’à la liberté d’expression et d’expérimentation de nouveaux usages urbains, l’aménagement provisoire permet de faciliter l’émergence du projet et d’un arbitrage avec les acteurs concernés : décideurs publics, habitants et investisseurs. Les actions qui s’inscrivent dans le temps long ne sont plus les seules légitimes comme éléments de structuration sociale, les actions à court terme sont aussi des catalyseurs pertinents. L’aménagement temporaire prépare la mutation du lieu et l’accélère : il permet de définir ou contribuer à une programmation urbanistique d’un espace où elle est encore indéterminée. En tant qu’outil de participation citoyenne, il prévient les blocages en permettant aux habitants de s’exprimer en amont et de coproduire leurs futurs espaces de vie. L’action urbanistique est aujourd’hui fondée sur un nouveau paradigme, celui de penser la ville par ses usages, ses enjeux sont centrés sur l’amélioration de la qualité de vie ; cela passe notamment par une réflexion sur les espaces publics. Les deux cas d’études, à Marseille et à Clermont Ferrand permettent de montrer comment les délaissés urbains offrent l’occasion d’expérimenter et de proposer des manières inédites d’investir ces espaces publics latents