8,677 research outputs found
Comparison of body mass index of a national cohort of Maltese children over a 3-year interval
Aims: To compare body mass index (BMI) at 7 years and at 9 years of age in a national cohort of children in Malta, born in 2001, and to compare the results with an earlier study carried out in 2007 in this same cohort. Methods: BMI measurement of all children in the second year of formal school and again in the fourth year. Results: In 2008, data was collected from a total of 3435 children (girls 48.9%, boys 51.1%) with a mean age of 6.8 years. The same procedure was carried out in 2010 on the same cohort of children. A total of 3090 children participated in the second round of data collection (girls 49.5%, boys 50.5%). Based on WHO criteria (using the 2007 WHO Child Growth Reference BMI-for-age 5-19 charts), over a quarter of Maltese children aged 7 years were found to be overweight or obese in 2008. This proportion rose to just over 40% when the same cohort was measured in 2010 at the age of 9 years. A significant prevalence of overweight and obese boys was found in Gozo for both studies. Children attending Independent (fee-paying) schools were the least overweight and obese. Discussion: Obesity in childhood in Malta is increasing despite efforts to curb this disease. More emphasis must be made on prevention strategy in childhood as this is a key factor in reducing the burden of morbidity and mortality of childhood disease.peer-reviewe
Dissipation assisted Thouless pumping in the Rice-Mele model
We investigate the effect of dissipation from a thermal environment on
topological pumping in the periodically-driven Rice-Mele model. We report that
dissipation can improve the robustness of pumping quantisation in a regime of
finite driving frequencies. Specifically, in this regime, a low-temperature
dissipative dynamics can lead to a pumped charge that is much closer to the
Thouless quantised value, compared to a coherent evolution. We understand this
effect in the Floquet framework: dissipation increases the population of a
Floquet band which shows a topological winding, where pumping is essentially
quantised. This finding is a step towards understanding a potentially very
useful resource to exploit in experiments, where dissipation effects are
unavoidable. We consider small couplings with the environment and we use a
Bloch-Redfield quantum master equation approach for our numerics: Comparing
these results with an exact MPS numerical treatment we find that the quantum
master equation works very well also at low temperature, a quite remarkable
fact.Comment: 21 pages, 8 figure
The Response of Interest Rates to the Federal Reserve's Weekly Money Announcements: The "Puzzle" of Anticipated Money
Researchers, using the survey conducted by Money Market Services, Inc., have found that the anticipated component in the Federal Reserve's weekly money supply announcement is negatively correlated with the post- announcement change in market yields. We prove that eliminating a (downward) bias in the measure of anticipated money can, in theory, eliminate this puzzle, but that improving the efficiency of an already unbiased measure cannot. We find, using Canadian as well as U.S. interest rate data, that correcting the downward bias in the survey measure reduces, but does not eliminate, the role of anticipated money.
Quasiparticle Coupled Cluster Theory for Pairing Interactions
We present an extension of the pair coupled cluster doubles (p-CCD) method to
quasiparticles and apply it to the attractive pairing Hamiltonian. Near the
transition point where number symmetry gets spontaneously broken, the proposed
BCS-based p-CCD method yields significantly better energies than existing
methods when compared to exact results obtained via solution of the Richardson
equations. The quasiparticle p-CCD method has a low computational cost of
as a function of system size. This together with the high
quality of results here demonstrated, points to considerable promise for the
accurate description of strongly correlated systems with more realistic pairing
interactions
Free energy and vibrational entropy difference between ordered and disordered Ni3Al
We have calculated free energy and vibrational entropy differences in Ni3Al between its equilibrium ordered structure and a disordered fcc solid solution. The free energy and entropy differences were calculated using the method of adiabatic switching in a molecular-dynamics formalism. The path chosen for the free-energy calculations directly connects the disordered with the ordered state. The atomic interactions are described by embedded-atom-method potentials. We find that the vibrational entropy difference increases with temperature from 0.14kB/atom at 300 K to 0.22kB/atom at 1200 K. We have calculated the density of states (DOS) of the disordered phase from the Fourier transform of the velocity-velocity autocorrelation function. The disordered DOS looks more like a broadened version of the ordered DOS. Analysis of the partial density of states shows that the Al atoms vibrations are most affected by the compositional disorder. The phonon partial spectral intensities along the 〈100〉 direction show that the vibrational spectrum of the disordered phase contains intensities at optical mode frequencies of the ordered alloy. We find that the volume difference between the ordered and disordered phases plays the most crucial role in the magnitude of the vibrational entropy difference. If the lattice constant of the two phases is set to the same value, the vibrational entropy difference decreases to zero
Decoherence induced by a phase-damping reservoir
A phase damping reservoir composed by -bosons coupled to a system of
interest through a cross-Kerr interaction is proposed and its effects on
quantum superpo sitions are investigated. By means of analytical calculations
we show that: i-) the reservoir induces a Gaussian decay of quantum coherences,
and ii-) the inher ent incommensurate character of the spectral distribution
yields irreversibility . A state-independent decoherence time and a master
equation are both derived an alytically. These results, which have been
extended for the thermodynamic limit, show that nondissipative decoherence can
be suitably contemplated within the EI D approach. Finally, it is shown that
the same mechanism yielding decoherence ar e also responsible for inducing
dynamical disentanglement.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figure
Coarse graining of master equations with fast and slow states
We propose a general method for simplifying master equations by eliminating
from the description rapidly evolving states. The physical recipe we impose is
the suppression of these states and a renormalization of the rates of all the
surviving states. In some cases, this decimation procedure can be analytically
carried out and is consistent with other analytical approaches, like in the
problem of the random walk in a double-well potential. We discuss the
application of our method to nontrivial examples: diffusion in a lattice with
defects and a model of an enzymatic reaction outside the steady state regime.Comment: 9 pages, 9 figures, final version (new subsection and many minor
improvements
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