Plants in aquatic ecosystems: current trends and future directions

Aquatic plants fulfil a wide range of ecological roles, and make a substantial contribution to the structure, function and service provision of aquatic ecosystems. Given their well-documented importance in aquatic ecosystems, research into aquatic plants continues to blossom. The 14th International Symposium on Aquatic Plants, held in Edinburgh in September 2015, brought together 120 delegates from 28 countries and six continents. This special issue of Hydrobiologia includes a select number of papers on aspects of aquatic plants, covering a wide range of species, systems and issues. In this paper we present an overview of current trends and future directions in aquatic plant research in the early 21st century. Our understanding of aquatic plant biology, the range of scientific issues being addressed and the range of techniques available to researchers have all arguably never been greater; however, substantial challenges exist to the conservation and management of both aquatic plants and the ecosystems in which they are found. The range of countries and continents represented by conference delegates and authors of papers in the special issue illustrate the global relevance of aquatic plant research in the early 21st century but also the many challenges that this burgeoning scientific discipline must address

METABOLISM OF ISONIAZID BY ACTIVATED LEUKOCYTES Possible Role in Drug-Induced Lupus

ABSTRACT: The tuberculostatic agent isoniazid has been implicated in inducin

Utility of Developmental Neurotoxicity In Vitro Battery to Address Regulatory Challenges

Poster presented to SOT Conference 2024: A New Approach Method (NAM) to Screen for the Impact of Endogenous Stress on Chemical Toxicity Search for CCTE records in EPA’s Science Inventory by typing in the title at this link.https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_search_results.cfm?advSearch=true&showCriteria=2&keyword=CCTE&TIMSType=&TIMSSubTypeID=&epaNumber=&ombCat=Any&dateBeginPublishedPresented=07/01/2017&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&DEID=&personName=&personID=&role=Any&journalName=&journalID=&publisherName=&publisherID=&sortBy=pubDate&count=25</p

Targeted exome sequencing in clear cell renal cell carcinoma tumors suggests aberrant chromatin regulation as a crucial step in ccRCC development

Clear cell renal cell carcinomas are characterized by 3p loss, and by inactivation of Von Hippel Lindau (VHL), a tumorsuppressor gene located at 3p25. Recently, SETD2, located at 3p21, was identified as a new candidate ccRCC tumor-suppressor gene. The combined mutational frequency in ccRCC tumors of VHL and SETD2 suggests that there are still undiscovered tumor-suppressor genes on 3p. We screened all genes on 3p for mutations in 10 primary ccRCC tumors using exome-sequencing. We identified inactivating mutations in VHL, PBRM1, and BAP1. Sequencing of PBRM1 in ccRCC-derived cell lines confirmed its frequent inactivation in ccRCC. PBRM1 encodes for BAF180, the chromatin targeting subunit of the SWI/SNF complex. BAP1 encodes for BRCA1 associated protein-1, involved in histone deubiquitination. Taken together, the accumulating data suggest an important role for aberrant chromatin regulation in ccRCC development. Hum Mutat 33:10591062, 2012. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

Efeito analgésico de antagonistas do receptor da histamina H1 em modelo de dor provocada por formalina em ratos Efecto analgésico de antagonistas del receptor de la histamina H1 en un modelo de dolor provocado por formalina en ratones Analgesic effects of H1 receptor antagonists in the rat model of formalin-induced pain

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Os receptores de histamina mediam vias nociceptivas principalmente no sistema nervoso central. Alguns estudos mostraram efeito analgésico de antagonistas de receptor de histamina no sistema nervoso periférico. Não está claro se o efeito analgésico local é classe específico ou droga específico. MÉTODO: Para responder a essa questão, utilizamos três diferentes antagonistas do receptor H1 (pirilamina, prometazina e cetirizina) administrados diretamente na pata do rato, pela via intraperitoneal ou por bloqueio de nervo periférico em modelo de dor induzida por formalina. Observamos o efeito das drogas no comportamento do número de elevações da pata. RESULTADOS: Na fase I, a pirilamina local diminuiu o número de elevações da pata de forma dose-dependente. Na dose mais alta, a diminuição foi de 97,8%. Para a prometazina, a diminuição foi de 92% e para cetizirina, 23,9%. Na fase II, a pirilamina diminuiu o número de elevações da pata em 93,5%, a prometazina em 78,2% e a cetirizina em 80,1%. A administração dos fármacos por via intraperitoneal não alterou o comportamento doloroso. Quando utilizadas para bloqueio de nervo periférico, na fase I, a pirilamina diminuiu o número de elevações da pata em 96,7%, a prometazina em 73,3% e a cetirizina em 23,9%. Na fase II, a pirilamina levou à diminuição de 86,6%, a prometazina de 64,4% e a cetirizina de 19,9%. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados mostraram que os antagonistas de receptor da histamina H1 apresentam efeitos analgésicos locais, diferentes do efeito sistêmico, sendo um deles anti-inflamatório e classe específico e o outro específico para prometazina e pirilamina, semelhante a efeito clínico anestésico local.<br>JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: Los receptores de histamina intermedian las vías nociceptivas, principalmente en el sistema nervioso central. Algunos estudios arrojaron un efecto analgésico de antagonistas de receptor de histamina en el sistema nervioso periférico. No queda claro si el efecto analgésico local es de clase específico o un fármaco específico. MÉTODO: Para responder a esa pregunta, utilizamos tres diferentes antagonistas del receptor H1 (pirilamina, prometazina y cetirizina), administrados directamente en la pata del ratón, por vía intraperitoneal o por bloqueo de nervio periférico en modelo de dolor inducido por formalina. Observamos el efecto de los fármacos en el comportamiento del número de elevaciones de la pata. RESULTADOS: En la fase I, la pirilamina local redujo el número de elevaciones de la pata de forma dosis dependiente. En la dosis más alta, la reducción fue de un 97,8%. Para la prometazina, la disminución fue de un 92% y para la cetizirina de 23.9%. En la fase II, la pirilamina redujo el número de elevaciones de la pata en un 93,5%, la prometazina, un 78,2% y la cetirizina un 80,1%. La administración de los fármacos por vía intraperitoneal no alteró el comportamiento doloroso. Cuando se usaron para bloqueo del nervio periférico en la fase I, la pirilamina redujo el número de elevaciones de la pata en un 96,7%, la prometazina en un 73,3% y la cetirizina en un 23,9%. En la fase II, la pirilamina redujo un 86,6%, la prometazina un 64,4% y la cetirizina un 19,9%. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados mostraron que los antagonistas del receptor de la histamina H1 presentaron efectos analgésicos locales, diferentes del efecto sistémico, siendo uno de ellos antiinflamatorio y clase específico, y el otro específico para la prometazina y la pirilamina, parecido con el efecto clínico anestésico local.<br>BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Histamine receptors mediate nociceptive pathways, especially in the central nervous system. Some studies have demonstrated the analgesic effects of histamine receptor antagonists in the peripheral nervous system. It is not clear whether the local analgesic effect is class-specific or drug-specific. METHODS: To answer this question, we used three different H1 receptor antagonists (pyrilamine, promethazine, and cetirizine) administered directly in the paw of the rat, intraperitoneally, or in peripheral nerve blockade in the formalin-induced pain model. The effects of the drugs on the number of paw elevations were observed. RESULTS: In phase I, the local administration of pyrilamine caused a dose-dependent reduction on the number of paw elevations; in the highest dose, the number of paw elevations was reduced by 97.8%. Promethazine decreased it by 92%, while cetirizine decreased by 23.9%. In phase II, pyrilamine decreased the number of paw elevations by 93.5%, promethazine by 78.2%, and cetirizine by 80.1%. Intraperitoneal administration of drugs did not change painful behavior. When used in peripheral nerve block, in phase I pyrilamine reduced the number of paw elevations by 96.7%, promethazine by 73.3%, and cetirizine by 23.9%. In phase II, pyrilamine reduced the number of paw elevations by 86.6%, promethazine by 64.4%, and cetirizine by 19.9%. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate that H1 receptor antagonists have local analgesic effects, different from the systemic effects, one of them an anti-inflammatory and class-specific effect and the other similarly to the local anesthetic effect, specific for promethazine and pyrilamin