Pilomatrixoma. Revisión de 179 casos

Presentamos un estudio sobre 179 casos de Pilomatrixoma recogidos en los archivos del Hospital General 'Vall d'Hebrón' de Barcelona, entre los años 1972 y 1988. Tumoración de presentación pediátrica, cerca del 50% de los casos se han observado en menores de 20 años y con una afectación porcentual por sexos parecida. Cerca del 75% de casos se presentan como tumoración única de menos de 15 milímetros de diámetro. La presentación múltiple solo ocurre en el 2,8%. Algo más del 50% de casos se localizan en cara y cuello, destacando la región preauricular. La siguen en frecuencia de aparición las extremidades superiores (27%), extremidades inferiores (11 %) y sólo un 6,7% en el resto del cuerpo. Aparición de recidivas sólo en el 0,55% de casos

a case–control study

Objectives: To determine the association between Toxoplasma gondii infection and Parkinson's disease and to investigate whether T. gondii seropositivity is associated with the general characteristics of patients with Parkinson's disease. Design Case–control study. Setting: Cases and controls were enrolled in Durango City, Mexico. Participants: 65 patients with Parkinson's disease and 195 age- and gender-matched control subjects without Parkinson's disease. Primary and secondary: outcome measures Serum samples of participants were analysed for anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies by commercially available enzyme-linked immunoassays. Prevalence of T. gondii DNA was determined in seropositive subjects using PCR. The association between clinical data and infection was examined by bivariate analysis. Results: Anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies were found in 6/65 cases (9.2%) and in 21/195 controls (10.8%) (OR 0.84; 95% CI 0.32 to 2.18; p=0.81). The frequency of high (>150 IU/mL) antibody levels was similar among cases and controls (p=0.34). None of the anti-T. gondii IgG positive cases and four of the anti-T. gondii IgG positive controls had anti-T. gondii IgM antibodies (p=0.54). The prevalence of T. gondii DNA was comparable in seropositive cases and controls (16.7% and 25%, respectively; p=1.0). Seroprevalence of T. gondii infection was associated with a young age onset of disease (p=0.03), high Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale scores (p=0.04) and depression (p=0.02). Seropositivity to T. gondii infection was lower in patients treated with pramipexole than in patients without this treatment (p=0.01). However, none of the associations remained significant after Bonferroni correction. Conclusions: The results do not support an association between T. gondii infection and Parkinson's disease. However, T. gondii infection might have an influence on certain symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Further research to elucidate the role of T. gondii exposure on Parkinson's disease is warranted

Bupivacaine 0.5 % versus articaine 4 % for the removal of lower third molars. A crossover randomized controlled trial

Objective: To compare the anesthetic action of 0.5% bupivacaine in relation to 4% articaine, both with 1:200,000 epinephrine, in the surgical removal of lower third molars. As a secondary objective hemodynamic changes using both anesthetics were analyzed. Study Design: Triple-blind crossover randomized clinical trial. Eighteen patients underwent bilateral removal of impacted lower third molars using 0.5% bupivacaine or 4% articaine in two different appointments. Preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative variables were recorded. Differences were assessed with McNemar tests and repeated measures ANOVA tests. Results: Both solutions exhibited similar latency times and intraoperative efficacy. Statistical significant lower pain levels were observed with bupivacaine between the fifth (p=0.011) and the ninth (p=0.007) postoperative hours. Bupivacaine provided significantly longer lasting soft tissue anesthesia (p<0.05). Systolic blood pressure and heart rate values were significantly higher with articaine. Conclusions: Bupivacaine could be a valid alternative to articaine especially due to its early postoperative pain prevention ability

Granular cell tumor : report of 8 intraoral cases

Granular cell tumor (GCT) is an uncommon neoplasm of controversial origin that can appear in any corporal localization, including the orofacial region. Although aggressive and malignant variants of this neoplasm have been described, most of GCTs are benign. In spite of the amount of research, the etiology of this neoplasm remains unclear and its histogenesis and its possible muscular, conective or neural origin has been broadly debated. In this paper 8 oral cases are presented, corresponding to 5 women and 3 men, with a mean age of 36.1 years old and a mean time of evolution of the lesions of 8.3 months. The most common localization was the tongue (75%). In all the cases a resection with safety margins of the lesions was carried out under local anesthesia. The samples were fixed and processed for histopathological study. The main clinicopathologic and diagnostic features of this neoplasm are reviewed and discussed

Molecular and Clinical Characteristics in 46 Families Affected with Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome

Germline mutations of the tumor suppressor gene LKB1/STK11 are responsible for the Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS), an autosomal-dominant disorder characterized by mucocutaneous pigmentation, hamartomatous polyps, and an increased risk of associated malignancies. In this study, we assessed the presence of pathogenic mutations in the LKB1/STK11 gene in 46 unrelated PJS families, and also carried genotype-phenotype correlation in regard of the development of cancer in 170 PJS patients belonging to these families. All LKB1/STK11 variants detected with single-strand conformational polymorphism were confirmed by direct sequencing, and those without LKB1/STK11 mutation were further submitted to Southern blot analysis for detection of deletions/rearrangements. Statistical analysis for genotype-phenotype correlation was performed. In 59% (27/46) of unrelated PJS cases, pathogenic mutations in the LKB1/STK11 gene, including 9 novel mutations, were identified. The new mutations were 2 splice site deletion-insertions, 2 missenses, 1 nonsense, and 4 abnormal splice sites. Genotype-phenotype analysis did not yield any significant differences between patients carrying mutations in LKB1/STK11 versus those without mutations, even with respect to primary biliary adenocarcinoma. This study presents the molecular characterization and cancer occurrence of a large cohort of PJS patients, increases the mutational spectrum of LKB1/STK11 allelic variants worldwide, and provides a new insight useful for clinical diagnosis and genetic counseling of PJS familie

Factores de riesgo relacionados al bullying en los estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional José Faustino Sánchez Carrión

En: Big Bang faustiniano : revista de investigación científica, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 42-45Objetivo: Identificar los factores de riesgo significativos del bullying en los estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional José Faustino Sánchez Carrión de Huacho. Métodos: La población estuvo conformada por 11000 estudiantes matriculados en el semestre académico 2014-I en la Sede de Huacho de las 12 Facultades y se tomó un muestreo aleatorio simple de 260 estudiantes. Los instrumentos utilizados para la recopilación de datos fueron, el bullying la escala de Lyn Quine adecuado al contexto universitario mediante una escala de autoreporte, según Quine (2003) esta escala permite estimar el comportamiento persistente, ofensivo, abusivo intimidatorio, malicioso o insultante, abuso de poder lo cual hace que el receptor se sienta perturbado, amenazado, humillado o vulnerable afectando su integridad personal y para la disfunción familiar se empleó la ficha técnica del Doctor Smilkstein, Gabriel evaluando cinco funciones básicas: adaptación, participación, ganancia, afecto y recursos. Resultados: El 43,1% fueron estudiantes varones y 56,9% mujeres; sus edades estuvieron comprendidas entre 16 y 27 años siendo el promedio 19 años, el 21,2 % de los estudiantes han sufrido de bullying y el nivel de disfunción familiar distribuido: Grave, 10,8%; Leve con un 29,2% y Familia Funcional con 60,0%. Conclusiones: La edad está relacionada con la presencia del bullying verbal y la disfunción familiar con la presencia del bullying psicológico con un nivel de confianza del 95%. El factor de riesgo asociado al bullying en el género femenino fue la disfunción familiar

Enseñanza universitaria y recursos didácticos en el nivel de rendimiento de los estudiantes de pregrado

The objective of this study was to establish the relationship between university education and didactic resources with the level of performance of the students of the Professional School of Agroindustrial Engineering of the Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Three teachers and 112 students (30 men and 82 women) of the General Didactics I subject were considered as a sample; the data was obtained through the application of instruments, for the independent variables two surveys composed of 20 items using a scale were designed, the dependent variable academic performance was analyzed using the final minutes with the grades. There is a high relationship (0.8) between university education and the use of didactic resources (0.7) with academic performance, that is, the greater the use of didactic resources, the better the academic performance of the students. It is concluded that university education is within the scale at a high level and the teaching resources variable at a medium level. Regarding the level of performance, there is an average of 15.38, which places it in the middle level on the scale.El objetivo del presente estudio consistió en establecer la relación de la enseñanza universitaria y los recursos didácticos con el nivel de rendimiento de los estudiantes de la Escuela Profesional de Ingeniería Agroindustrial de la Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Se consideró como muestra a 3 docentes y 112 estudiantes (30 varones y 82 mujeres) de la asignatura de Didáctica General I; los datos fueron obtenidos mediante la aplicación de instrumentos, para las variables independientes se diseñó dos encuestas compuestas por 20 ítems manejando escala, la variable dependiente rendimiento académico se analizó empleando las actas finales con las calificaciones. Existe una alta relación (0,8) entre la enseñanza universitaria y el uso de recursos didácticos (0,7) con el rendimiento académico, es decir a mayor uso de recursos didácticos, existe mejor rendimiento académico de los estudiantes.  Se concluye que la enseñanza universitaria se encuentra dentro de la escala en un nivel alto y la variable recursos didácticos en un nivel medio. Con respecto al nivel de rendimiento, se tiene un promedio de 15,38, que lo ubica en el nivel medio en la escala

Effect of oral anticoagulants on the outcome of faecal immunochemical test

Background: We aimed to evaluate whether oral anticoagulants (OACs) alter faecal immunochemical test (FIT) performance in average-risk colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. Methods: Individuals aged 50-69 years were invited to receive one FIT sample (cutoff 75 ng ml-1) between November 2008 and June 2011. Results: Faecal immunochemical test was positive in 9.3% (21 out of 224) of users of OAC and 6.2% (365 out of 5821) of non-users (P-trend ¼ 0.07). The positive predictive value (PPV) for advanced neoplasia (AN) in non-users was 50.4% vs 47.6% in users (odds ratio, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.3-1.8; P ¼ 0.5). The PPV for AN in OAC more antiplatelets (aspirin or clopidogrel) was 75% (odds ratio, 2; 95% CI, 0.4-10.8; P ¼ 0.4). Conclusions: Oral anticoagulant did not significantly modify the PPV for AN in this population-based colorectal screening program. The detection rate of advanced adenoma was higher in the combination OAC more antiplatelets

Resveratrol inhibits nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in rats

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is high. NAFLD is linked to obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hypertriglyceridemia. Approximately 20% of patients with NAFLD will eventually develop cirrhosis. Our purpose was to investigate whether resveratrol decreased hepatic steatosis in an animal model of steatosis, and whether this therapeutic approach resulted in a decrease in tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) production, lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Male Wistar CRL: Wi (Han) (225 g) rats were randomized into three groups. A control group (n = 12) was given free access to regular dry rat chow for 4 weeks. The steatosis (n = 12) and resveratrol (n = 12) groups were given free access to feed (a high carbohydrate-fat free modified diet) and water 4 days per week, and fasted for the remaining 3 days for 4 weeks. Rats in the resveratrol group were given resveratrol 10 mg daily by the oral route. All rats were killed at 4 weeks and assessed for fatty infiltration and bacterial translocation. Levels of TNF-α in serum, hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and nitric oxide synthase) and biochemical parameters were measured.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Fat deposition was decreased in the resveratrol group as compared to the steatosis group (Grade 1 vs Grade 3, P < 0.05). TNF-α and MDA levels were significantly increased in the steatosis group (TNF-α; 33.4 ± 5.2 vs 26.24 ± 3.47 pg/ml and MDA; 9.08 ± 0.8 vs 3.17 ± 1.45 μM respectively, <it>P </it>< 0.05). This was accompanied by increased superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase and decreased nitric oxide synthase in the liver of resveratrol group significantly (<it>P </it>< 0.05 vs steatosis group). Bacterial translocation was not found in any of the groups. Glucose levels were decreased in the group of rats given resveratrol (<it>P </it>< 0.05).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Resveratrol decreased NAFLD severity in rats. This effect was mediated, at least in part, by TNF-α inhibition and antioxidant activities.</p