A COMPREENSÃO LEITORA NA PRODUÇÃO DO GÊNERO RESUMO

Este estudo analisa como a capacidade de resumir dos alunos universitários é garantida pelo sucesso na compreensão leitora. Parte-se dos questionamentos: a) Será que a capacidade de resumir garante e/ou revela sucesso na compreensão? b) O aluno universitário, como competente para produzir textos, domina as habilidades de sumarização? Metodologicamente, esta é uma pesquisa exploratória, descritiva e de campo de abordagem qualitativa. Como fundamentação recorre-se, sobretudo, aos estudos de Van Dijk e Kintsch (1978; 1983), Matencio (2002), Machado (2002) e Van Dijk (2013). Para coletar os dados, dividiu-se os alunos em dois grupos, numericamente iguais, denominados de Grupo A (que permaneceu com o texto-base para consulta) e Grupo B (que não permaneceu com o texto-base para consulta). As análises orientam algumas conclusões: i) o Grupo A produziu o resumo seguindo a sequência do texto-base e com pouca criação de novas sentenças. ii) o Grupo B elaborou textos mais coesos elaborando novas sentenças. Conclui-se que a ausência da consulta ao texto-base exige que o aluno trabalhe mais com a memória, e maior emprego de estratégias inferenciais para a construção de sentido global do texto. Em contrapartida, a consulta ao texto-base, que seria um aliado, pode ser limitadora, pois os alunos não avançaram na criação de sentenças. Defende-se, pois, que o conhecimento e o uso das macrorregras na elaboração de resumos escritos, constitui-se como estratégia que contribui para identificar as ideias principais acarretando, portanto, na compreensão

From cultural identity to the feeling of place in “the tale the trail of your blood in the snow” by Garcia Márquez

Nas últimas décadas, as pesquisas voltadas para as investigações acerca das identidades dos sujeitos na Modernidade tardia ganharam grande visibilidade no campo das Ciências Humanas e Sociais, graças às abordagens que modificaram as perspectivas e fronteiras conceituais acerca do sujeito, das identidades, dos processos culturais e demais temáticas pertinentes à pós-modernidade. Nessa acepção, este artigo analisa as marcas da identidade cultural e o sentimento de não-pertencimento do sujeito desterritorializado representado pela personagem Billy Sánchez no conto hispano-americano O rastro do teu sangue na neve (2009) do colombiano García Márquez. Embasadas nos pressupostos teóricos dos estudos culturais e dos estudos discursivos, pretendemos identificar, a partir dessa análise, as principais acepções acerca de conceitos como: lugar e não-lugar, sentimento de pertencimento e necessidade de reconhecimento presentes no conto supracitado. Tomaremos os instrumentos teóricos trabalhados por Hall (2006), Canclini (2008), Augé (2007), Bhabha (2010), Pesavento (2008) e, no campo literário, Márquez (2009), dentre outros.In the last decades, research on the identities of subjects in late Modernity has gained great visibility in the field of Human and Social Sciences, thanks to the approaches that have modified the perspectives and conceptual boundaries about the subject, identities, cultural processes and other themes pertinent to postmodernity. In this sense, this article analyzes the marks of cultural identity and the feeling of non-belonging of the deterritorialized subject represented by the character Billy Sánchez in the Hispano-American tale The trail of his blood in the snow (2009) by the Colombian writer García Márquez. Based on the theoretical assumptions of cultural studies and discursive studies, we intend to identify, from this analysis, the main meanings about concepts such as: place and non-place, feeling of belonging and need for recognition present in the above-mentioned story. We will take the theoretical tools worked by Hall (2006), Canclini (2008), Augé (2007), Bhabha (2010), Pesavento (2008) and, in the literary field, García Márquez (2009), among others

Causas do bullying: resultados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar

Objective: to identify the characteristics and reasons reported by Brazilian students for school bullying. Method: this cross-sectional study uses data from an epidemiological survey (National Survey of School Health) conducted in 2012. A total of 109,104 9th grade students from private and public schools participated. Data were collected through a self-applied questionnaire and the analysis was performed using SPSS, version 20, Complex Samples Module. Results: the prevalence of bullying was 7.2%, most frequently affecting Afro-descendant or indigenous younger boys, whose mothers were characterized by low levels of education. In regard to the reasons/causes of bullying, 51.2% did not specify; the second highest frequency of victimization was related to body appearance (18.6%); followed by facial appearance (16.2%); race/color (6.8%); sexual orientation 2.9%; religion 2.5%; and region of origin 1.7%. The results are similar to those found in other sociocultural contexts. Conclusion: the problem belongs to the health field because it gathers aspects that determine the students' health-disease-care continuum.Objetivo: identificar as características e os motivos associados ao bullying escolar, por adolescentes brasileiros. Método: trata-se de uma investigação transversal, com dados provenientes de um inquérito epidemiológico (Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar), realizado em 2012. Participaram do estudo 109.104 estudantes do 9º ano do ensino fundamental, de escolas públicas e privadas, localizadas em zonas urbanas ou rurais, de todo território brasileiro. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de um questionário autoaplicável e a análise foi realizada no software SPSS, versão 20, utilizando procedimentos do Complex Samples Module. Resultados: a prevalência de bullying identificada no estudo foi de 7,2%, sendo mais frequente no sexo masculino, em alunos mais jovens, de cor preta e indígena, e com mães sem nenhuma escolaridade. Dentre as causas/motivos do bullying, 51,2% não souberam especificar, e a segunda maior frequência de vitimização foi relacionada à aparência do corpo (18,6%), seguida da aparência do rosto (16,2%), raça/cor (6,8%), orientação sexual (2,9%), religião (2,5%) e região de origem (1,7%). Os resultados obtidos são semelhantes aos encontrados em outros contextos socioculturais. Conclusão: evidencia-se a problemática como pertencente ao domínio da área da saúde, uma vez que congrega determinantes para reflexão sobre o processo saúdedoença- cuidado dos escolares.Objetivo: identificar las características y los motivos asociados por adolescentes brasileños al bullying escolar. Método: se trata de una investigación transversal, con datos provenientes de una encuesta epidemiológica (Investigación Nacional de Salud del Escolar) realizada en 2012. Participaron del estudio 109.104 estudiantes del 9º año de la enseñanza fundamental, de escuelas públicas y privadas, localizadas en zonas urbanas o rurales, en todo el territorio brasileño. La recolección de datos ocurrió por medio de un cuestionario autoaplicable y el análisis fue realizado con el programa SPSS versión 20, utilizando procedimientos del Complex Samples Module. Resultados: la prevalencia de bullying identificada en el estudio fue de 7,2%, y fue más frecuente en el sexo masculino, en alumnos más jóvenes, de color negro e indígena, cuyas madres no tenían ninguna escolaridad. Entre las causas/motivos del bullying, 51,2% no supieron especificar, la segunda mayor frecuencia de victimización fue relacionada a la apariencia del cuerpo (18,6%), seguida de la apariencia del rostro (16,2%), raza/color (6,8%), orientación sexual 2,9%, religión 2,5%, región de origen 1,7%. Los resultados obtenidos son semejantes a los encontrados en otros contextos socioculturales. Conclusión: se evidenció la problemática como perteneciente al dominio del área de la salud, una vez que congrega determinantes para pensar el proceso salud-enfermedad-cuidado de los escolares

Early childhood education after new brazilian guidelines and the production of the neo-subject teacher in municipal curriculum documents

A partir dosestudos de currículo e dos estudos de Michel Foucault, o artigo objetivaanalisara produção discursiva sobre a docência veiculada em documentos curriculares de Educação Infantil das cidades de Fortaleza, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Curitiba e Florianópolis, os quaisforam elaborados após a homologação da BNCC (MEC, 2017). Mediantea análisedo discurso, são evidenciadastáticas discursivas presentesnos textos que,ao instituírem práticas pautadaspor uma racionalidade neoliberal, operam na constituiçãodo neossujeito docente. Com basenasanálises, é possívelinferirque os documentos curriculares ratificamas orientações constantes na Base, prescrevem modosde atuação profissional e secundarizam a autoria docente.Based on curriculum studies and the studies of Michel Foucault, the article aims to analyze the discursive production on teaching conveyed in Early Childhood Education curriculum documents inthe cities of Fortaleza, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Curitiba andFlorianópolis, which were elaborated after the approval of the current Brazilian guidelines(MEC, 2017). Through discourse analysis, discursive tactics present in the texts are evidenced,by instituting practices guided by a neoliberal rationality, operate in the constitution of the teacherneo-subject. Based on the analyses, it is possible to infer that the curricular documents confirmthe instructionscontained in the national guidelines, prescribe modes of professional performance,and maketeacher a secondary authorship

Pollen Spectrum and Trophic Niche Width of Melipona scutellaris Latreille, 1811 (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Highly Urbanized and Industrialized Sites

The floristic composition of an environment is important to ensure the trophic niche of bee species. Melipona scutellaris Latreille, is a typical stingless bee of Atlantic rainforest sites in northeastern Brazil, a region widely established in meliponaries for honey and pollen production. M. scutellaris is reared (meliponiculture) in rural and urban areas, where the species depends on the availability of different plants for nectar and pollen collection. In this study, we estimated food niche width, equitativity, and similarity between different colonies of M. scutellaris in highly urbanized and industrialized sites of the Metropolitan Region of Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil. We analyzed pollen spectrum of 58 honey samples from six meliponaries, during 12 months. We identified 111 pollen types distributed in 28 plant families. The Fabaceae family showed the highest diversity in pollen types (33.33% of the total) and Mimosa caesalpiniifolia was the most frequent pollen type, found in 100% of the samples. M. scutellaris concentrated its foraging activity on a few trophic resources (H’ = 2.69 and J’ = 0.01) indicating a few melittophilous plant species belonging to the genera Eucalyptus, Mimosa, Protium, Serjania and Tapirira, should be managed on a regional scale to favor meliponiculture with this native bee species

HYDROTHERMAL TREATMENT OF EUCALYPTUS GRANDIS WOOD

 Among the technological alternatives to improve the quality and use of eucalyptus wood is heat treatment, as the wood has some features that may limit its use, such as dimensional instability, high anisotropy, and heterogeneous coloring. This study is aimed at evaluating the effect of time of hydrothermal treatment on physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of solid wood of Eucalyptus grandis. We used three trees of E. grandis, selecting only the heartwood, and prepared test specimens with dimensions of 30cmx8cmx3cm (length, width, and thickness). The hydrothermal treatment was performed in a Parr reactor using three reaction times (5, 15, and 25min) at 140°C. Partial removal of extractives occurred, especially in the outer layer of wood. There was an increase of up to 58% of its permeability because of the partial clearing of the vessel elements. There was no degradation of the main constituents of the wood, so loss of mechanical strength was observed. The hydrothermal treatment promoted the partial removal of the hydroxyl groups and/or a structural rearrangement of the hemicelluloses and cellulose, causing a reduction of the hygroscopicity of E. grandis.

EFFECT OF AGE ON HEARTWOOD / SAPWOOD RELATIONSHIP, EXTRACTIVE CONTENTE, AND PERMEABILITY OF TEAK WOOD

Due to the physiological differences in the juvenile and adult phases of teak wood, differentiation occurs in the impregnation by extractive materials along the heartwood regions, assuming that there is also a significant variation in the permeability of this material. Thus, the study aimed to evaluate the influence of age on the heartwood / sapwood ratio (H/S), permeability, and extractives content of Tectona grandis L.f wood. Four ages (10, 12, 14, and 16 years) and four trees (repetitions) were evaluated, totaling 16 samples. The H/S ratio, extractive content, and wood permeability were determined, in addition to the average and maximum permeability among all ages selected for calculation of their porosity. The H/S ratio increased over the ages of 10 and 16, and the content of extractive materials increased until the age of 14. There was a high heterogeneity between the permeability values of the wood at all ages analyzed, and one of the possible explanations for this fact is the presence of tyloses in different places on the trunk and the arrangement of the pores around the growth rings

Bullying in Brazilian schools: results from the National School-based Health Survey (PeNSE), 2009

O objetivo deste estudo é identificar e descrever a ocorrência do bullying, episódios de humilhação ou provocação perpetrados pelos colegas da escola, entre estudantes do 9º ano do ensino fundamental de escolas públicas e privadas das 26 capitais dos estados brasileiros e do Distrito Federal. Trata-se de estudo transversal feito com 60.973 escolares de 1.453 escolas públicas e privadas. A análise dos dados aponta que 5,4% (IC95%: 5,1%-5,7%) dos estudantes relataram ter sofrido bullying quase sempre ou sempre nos últimos 30 dias; 25,4% (IC95%: 24,8%-26,0%) foram raramente ou às vezes vítimas de bullying e 69,2% (IC95%: 68,5%-69,8%) não sentiram nenhuma humilhação ou provocação (bullying). A capital com maior frequência de foi Belo Horizonte-MG (6,9%; IC95%: 5,9%-7,9) e a menor foi Palmas-TO (3,5%; IC95%: 2,6%-4,5%). Meninos relatam mais bullying (6,0%; IC95%: 5,5%-6,5%) do que meninas (4,8%; IC95%: 4,4%-5,3%). Não houve diferença entre escolas públicas (5,5%; IC95%: 5,1%-5,8%) e privadas (5,2%; IC95%: 4,6%-5,8%), exceto em Aracaju-SE, onde foi registrada maior ocorrência de bullying em escolas privadas. Os dados mostram urgente necessidade de ações intersetoriais a partir de políticas e práticas educativas que efetivem redução e prevenção da ocorrência do bullying nas escolas.The aim of this study is to identify and describe the occurrence of bullying among students in the 9th year (8th grade) from public and private schools from 26 Brazilian state capitals and the Federal District. It is a cross-sectional study involving 60,973 students and 1,453 public and private schools. Data analysis indicates that 5.4% (IC95%: 5.1%-5.7%) of students reported having suffered bullying almost always or always in the last 30 days, 25.4% (IC95%: 24.8%-26.0%) were rarely or sometimes the victim of bullying and 69.2% (IC95%: 68.5%-69.8%) of students felt no humiliation or provocation at school. The capital with higher frequency of bullying was Belo Horizonte (6.9%; IC95%: 5,9%-7,9%), Minas Gerais, and the lowest was Palmas (3.5%; IC95%: 2.6%-4.5%), Tocantins. Boys reported more bullying (6,0%; IC95%: 5.5%-6.5%) compared with girls (4,8%; IC95%: 4.4%-5.3%). There was no difference between public schools 5.5% (IC95%: 5.1%-5.8%) and private (5.2%) (IC95%: 4.6%-5.8%), except in Aracaju, Sergipe, that show more bullying in private schools. The findings indicate an urgent need for intersectoral action from educational policies and practices that enforce the reduction and prevention of the occurrence of bullying in schools in Brazil

Socio-environmental impact with inadequate destination of chemical residues pharmaceuticals: project with alternative of receiving and processing of residues generated by the city of Araruama in the Region of Lakes of Rio de Janeiro: Impacto socioambiental com destino inadequado dos resíduos químicos farmacêuticos: projeto com alternativa de recebimento e processamento dos resíduos gerados pela cidade de Araruama na Região dos Lagos do Rio de Janeiro

Many pharmaceutical chemical residues (PCR) have shown great potential to pollute the environment, especially in marine habitats. The conjecture stems from direct participation of human beings. Toxicological studies carried with drugs showed the possibility of appearance of physiological sexual alterations already observed in certain species of fish and other marine animals, in addition to the increase of resistant bacteria. In this way, evidence drives the reduction or interruption of exposure to CRP in the environment. The objective of this work is to propose a project to receive expired medicines and other therapeutic products, without use or leftovers from inappropriate uses by several individuals. To achieve these objectives, we will carry out the following methodologies: (i) Conduct a literature review on the subject, to consolidate the problem; (ii) present an advertising plan using social communication vehicles, such as radio, television and social networks, for information and awareness of society about the PCR disposal campaign correctly, using the motto "save the world so you don't lose anyone you love” (iii) To officially request the support of the Municipal Environment Department of Araruama city and the CRF-RJ to standardize and delimit the processing of PCR collected, as a result, several studies were found that indicate and reinforce the socio-environmental impact associated with disposal of PCRs, as well as the evolutionary trend of aggravation of this socio-environmental issue. The introduction of different programs to encourage the proper and rational management and treatment of PCRs with the direct mobilization of different social ties such as the media and especially the different levels of government of the direct and/or indirect administration presents itself as an important tool to achieve of measures that can reduce the social impacts caused by PCRs