Workplace Contextual Supports for LGBT Employees: A Review, Meta‐Analysis, and Agenda for future Research

The past decade has witnessed a rise in the visibility of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community. This has resulted in some organizational researchers focusing their attention on workplace issues facing LGBT employees. While empirical research has been appropriately focused on examining the impact of workplace factors on the work lives of LGBT individuals, no research has examined these empirical relationships cumulatively. The purpose of this study was to conduct a comprehensive review and meta‐analysis of the outcomes associated with three workplace contextual supports (formal LGBT policies and practices, LGBT‐supportive climate, and supportive workplace relationships) and to compare the relative influence of these workplace supports on outcomes. Outcomes were grouped into four categories: (a) work attitudes, (b) psychological strain, (c) disclosure, and (d) perceived discrimination. Results show that supportive workplace relationships were more strongly related to work attitudes and strain, whereas LGBT supportive climate was more strongly related to disclosure and perceived discrimination compared to the other supports. Our findings also revealed a number of insights concerning the measurement, research design, and sample characteristics of the studies in the present review. Based on these results, we offer an agenda for future research

Workplace climate, job stress, and burnout among gay men

In this survey study of 181 gay men, a minority stress framework informed an examination of the impact of workplace factors on the experience of burnout. Participants were employed in the same workplace for at least six months and had attained at least an undergraduate degree. Survey responses were gathered via the internet as well as from paper surveys. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) workplace climate was hypothesized to have an indirect effect (mediation/moderation) on the relationship between two predictors, gay identity and job stress, and one outcome, burnout. Hierarchical multiple regressions and a bootstrapped path analysis were used to estimate and evaluate the significance of indirect effects. These analyses suggested that LGBT workplace climate functioned as a significant mediator for the relationship between threat (a dimension of job stress) and personal efficacy (a dimension of burnout) and for the relationship between gay identity and personal efficacy. LGBT workplace climate did not function as a significant moderator. These results identify LGBT Workplace Climate as a mechanism through which chaotic work experiences and negative attitudes about sexual identity contribute to the feeling of inefficacy at work among gay men. These findings highlight the importance of understanding how improving workplace conditions for LGBT employees can prevent burnout and in turn, increase work performance and satisfaction

Short-term CDK4/6 Inhibition Radiosensitizes Estrogen Receptor–Positive Breast Cancers

Abstract Purpose: Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors have improved progression-free survival for metastatic, estrogen receptor–positive (ER+) breast cancers, but their role in the nonmetastatic setting remains unclear. We sought to understand the effects of CDK4/6 inhibition (CDK4/6i) and radiotherapy in multiple preclinical breast cancer models. Experimental Design: Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses were used to identify significantly altered pathways after CDK4/6i. Clonogenic assays were used to quantify the radiotherapy enhancement ratio (rER). DNA damage was quantified using γH2AX staining and the neutral comet assay. DNA repair was assessed using RAD51 foci formation and nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) reporter assays. Orthotopic xenografts were used to assess the efficacy of combination therapy. Results: Palbociclib significantly radiosensitized multiple ER+ cell lines at low nanomolar, sub IC50 concentrations (rER: 1.21–1.52) and led to a decrease in the surviving fraction of cells at 2 Gy (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Similar results were observed in ribociclib-treated (rER: 1.08–1.68) and abemaciclib-treated (rER: 1.19–2.05) cells. Combination treatment decreased RAD51 foci formation (P &amp;lt; 0.001), leading to a suppression of homologous recombination activity, but did not affect NHEJ efficiency (P &amp;gt; 0.05). Immortalized breast epithelial cells and cells with acquired resistance to CDK4/6i did not demonstrate radiosensitization (rER: 0.94–1.11) or changes in RAD51 foci. In xenograft models, concurrent palbociclib and radiotherapy led to a significant decrease in tumor growth. Conclusions: These studies provide preclinical rationale to test CDK4/6i and radiotherapy in women with locally advanced ER+ breast cancer at high risk for locoregional recurrence. </jats:sec

Supplementary Figure Captions from Short-term CDK4/6 Inhibition Radiosensitizes Estrogen Receptor–Positive Breast Cancers

Captions for Supplementary Figures 1-9</p