ENERGY MANAGEMENT FOR EDGE SITES

Controlling energy consumption for edge sites is becoming a more important aspect of network management. For example, for far edge sites that may be powered by renewable energy, such as solar panels, it is mission critical to reduce energy consumption at such sites to only the resources that are strictly necessary to avoid any interruption of service. Further, for large edge sites that can include several compute nodes, such nodes typically operate at all times regardless of what applications may or may not be operating on the nodes. Various techniques are proposed herein that may facilitate optimum energy management for edge sites in a network environment. Such techniques may provide for controlling power consumption at edge sites even in the absence of direct access to such sites by determining an optimal compromise between application availability and edge site power consumption without the use of specialized/bespoke hardware at edge sites

DELIVERING EARLY, CONTEXTUALIZED GUIDANCE REGARDING CLOUD CARBON FOOTPRINT

Across multiple industry segments, organizations that are deploying systems to the cloud are increasingly concerned with the carbon footprint of their activities. However, once a system has progressed through design and development and it is in production, its fundamental energy consumption profile is set. Consequently, a need exists for a way to deliver energy consumption awareness to engineers during the development process so that a lower carbon footprint may be established within a system, at the earliest possible stage. To address that need, techniques are presented herein that support a system for delivering such awareness to engineers during the development process. Aspects of the presented techniques encompass integrating with integrated development environments (IDEs) using industry-standard technology, interfacing with energy monitoring technology, and carrying out a statistical analysis involving correlation and regression between tokenized source code and granular workload-oriented carbon impact assessments

Развитие мобильной учебной среды по высшей математике в подготовке инженеров-электромехаников

Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата педагогічних наук за спеціальністю 13.00.10 – інформаційно-комунікаційні технології в освіті. – Інститут інформаційних технологій та засобів навчання НАПН України. У роботі досліджено проблему розвитку та використання мобільного навчального середовища з вищої математики у підготовці інженерів-електромеханіків. Проведено комплексний аналіз підготовки бакалаврів електромеханіки у ВНЗ та зроблено висновок про те, що підвищення якості математичної підготовки бакалаврів електромеханіки забезпечується професійною спрямованістю навчання та використанням сучасних засобів ІКТ. Проведено аналіз сучасних засобів ІКТ, що використовуються в навчанні вищої математики бакалаврів електромеханіки. Уточнено поняття мобільного навчального середовища та розвитку мобільного навчального середовища з вищої математики. Удосконалено структуру мобільного навчального середовища з вищої математики та визначено напрями його розвитку. За допомогою сервісу Google Apps Education Edition сформовано мобільне навчальне середовище з вищої математики та розроблено методику його використання у підготовці інженерів-електромеханіків. Розроблено методичні рекомендації для викладачів щодо створення та використання мобільного навчального середовища з вищої математики та методичні вказівки для студентів з використання мобільного навчального середовища з вищої математики.Thesis for Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences Degree awarding on the speciality 13.00.10 – information and communication technologies in education. – Institute of Information Technologies and Learning Tools of NAPS of Ukraine. In this thesis, the problem of creating and developing a mobile learning environment in higher mathematics in the training of Electromechanics Engineers is analyzed. A complex research of conversion bachelors in electrical mechanics in Ukrainian universities is made, and it is concluded that improving the quality of mathematical training of bachelors in electrical mechanics is achieved by professional orientation of learning and usage of modern ICT tools. The analysis of modern ICT tools used in learning higher mathematics bachelors in electromechanics is made. The concept of mobile learning environment is clarified. The model of the mobile learning environment in higher mathematics and the ways of its development are made. A mobile learning environment in higher mathematics based on Google Apps Education Edition and methodic of its usage in training Electromechanics Engineers are created. Methodical recommendations in organization of the educational process with the usage of mobile learning environment in higher mathematics for teachers and students are made.Диссертация на соискание ученой степени кандидата педагогических наук по специальности 13.00.10 – информационно-коммуникационные технологии в образовании. – Институт информационных технологий и средств обучения НАПН Украины. В работе исследуется проблема развития и использования мобильной учебной среды по высшей математике в подготовке инженеров-электромехаников. Проведенный анализ дал возможность уточнить базовые понятия исследования: 1) мобильная учебная среда – это учебная среда, использование которой направлено на удовлетворение учебных потребностей субъектов обучения в любое время и в любом месте; 2) развитие мобильной учебной среды по высшей математике – прогрессивное, необратимое и закономерное изменение составляющих этой среды (содержания обучения высшей математики и средств поддержки учебной деятельности), направленное на учет особенностей развития сферы будущей профессиональной деятельности студентов. Под методикой использования мобильного учебной среды по высшей математике в подготовке инженеров-электромехаников будем понимать нормативную модель процесса использования среды, развитие которой направлено на удовлетворение учебных потребностей мобильных субъектов обучения на основе комплексного применения мобильных средств ИКТ обучения. Структурно методика использования мобильной учебной среды по высшей математике состоит из трех компонентов: целевого, содержательно-технологического и результатного. Формирование мобильной учебной среды по высшей математике осуществлялось с помощью Google Apps Education Edition, в котором можнао реализовать все выделенные направления использования ИКТ в обучении высшей математике: подача учебных ведомостей, выполнение вычислений и визуализации математических зависимостей, формирование умений и навыков проведения учебных математических исследований, автоматизация контроля и оценивание учебных достижений студентов по высшей математике, поддержка учебной деятельности студентов, организация самостоятельной работы студентов

Tubulin tyrosination regulates synaptic function and is disrupted in Alzheimer's disease

: Microtubules play fundamental roles in the maintenance of neuronal processes and in synaptic function and plasticity. While dynamic microtubules are mainly composed of tyrosinated tubulin, long-lived microtubules contain detyrosinated tubulin, suggesting that the tubulin tyrosination/detyrosination cycle is a key player in the maintenance of microtubule dynamics and neuronal homeostasis, conditions which go awry in neurodegenerative diseases. In the tyrosination/detyrosination cycle, the C-terminal tyrosine of α-tubulin is removed by tubulin carboxypeptidases and re-added by tubulin tyrosine ligase. Here we show that tubulin tyrosine ligase hemizygous mice exhibit decreased tyrosinated microtubules, reduced dendritic spine density, and both synaptic plasticity and memory deficits. We further report decreased tubulin tyrosine ligase expression in sporadic and familial Alzheimer's disease, and reduced microtubule dynamics in human neurons harboring the familial APP-V717I mutation. Finally, we show that synapses visited by dynamic microtubules are more resistant to oligomeric amyloid β peptide toxicity and that expression of tubulin tyrosine ligase, by restoring microtubule entry into spines, suppresses the loss of synapses induced by amyloid β peptide. Together, our results demonstrate that a balanced tyrosination/detyrosination tubulin cycle is necessary for the maintenance of synaptic plasticity, is protective against amyloid β peptide-induced synaptic damage, and that this balance is lost in Alzheimer's disease, providing evidence that defective tubulin retyrosination may contribute to circuit dysfunction during neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease

Characterization of 41 microsatellite loci developed from the genome sequence of the poplar rust fungus, Melampsora larici-populina

International audienceForty-one microsatellite markers were developed for the poplar rust fungus Melampsora larici-populina. The genome sequence of M. larici-populina strain 98AG31 was screened in silico for microsatellite loci using Magellan software. Thirty-nine loci, evaluated on a sexual population of 35 M. larici-populina isolates sampled on larch trees in the French Alps, were identified to be highly polymorphic. These markers revealed two to 34 alleles, with an average of 7.23 alleles per locus. The estimated heterozygosity ranged from 0.029 to 0.958 across the 41 microsatellite loci. These markers will be highly useful for population genetics studies of M. larici-populina

Approximate Bayesian Computation applied to time series of population genetic data disentangles rapid genetic changes and demographic variations in a pathogen population

International audienceAdaptation can occur at remarkably short timescales in natural populations, leading to drastic changes in phenotypes and genotype frequencies over a few generations only. The inference of demographic parameters can allow understanding how evolutionary forces interact and shape the genetic trajectories of populations during rapid adaptation. Here we propose a new Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) framework that couples a forward and individual-based model with temporal genetic data to disentangle genetic changes and demographic variations in a case of rapid adaptation. We test the accuracy of our inferential framework and evaluate the benefit of considering a dense versus sparse sampling. Theoretical investigations demonstrate high accuracy in both model and parameter estimations, even if a strong thinning is applied to time series data. Then, we apply our ABC inferential framework to empirical data describing the population genetic changes of the poplar rust pathogen following a major event of resistance overcoming. We successfully estimate key demographic and genetic parameters, including the proportion of resistant hosts deployed in the landscape and the level of standing genetic variation from which selection occurred. Inferred values are in accordance with our empirical knowledge of this biological system. This new inferential framework, which contrasts with coalescent-based ABC analyses, is promising for a better understanding of evolutionary trajectories of populations subjected to rapid adaptation

Microsatellite profiles for the Melampsora larici-populina individuals analyzed in Persoons et al. MEC16-1416

Genotypes at 25 microsatellite markers for 594 individuals of Melampsora larici-populina sampled in France and Belgium from 1982 to 2011. Columns labels are detailed in the Read Me fil

Exploring the role of asexual multiplication in poplar rust epidemics: impact on diversity and genetic structure

Fungal plant pathogens, especially rust fungi (Pucciniales), are well known for their complex life cycles, which include phases of sexual and asexual reproduction. The effect of asexual multiplication on population genetic diversity has been investigated in the poplar rust fungus Melampsora larici-populina using a nested hierarchical sampling scheme. Four hierarchical levels were considered: leaf, twig, tree and site. Both cultivated and wild poplar stands were sampled at two time points at the start and end of rust epidemics. A total of 641 fungal isolates was analysed using nine microsatellite markers. This study revealed that the genetic signature of asexual multiplication in the wild poplar stand was seen only at lower hierarchical levels (leaf and twig). Moreover, we observed an erosion of clonal structure through time, with an increase in both gene and genotypic diversity. New genotypes contributed to host infection over time, which demonstrates the importance of allo-infection in the epidemic process in this host-pathogen system. Compared with the wild stands, the nearly lack of detection of clonal structure in the cultivated stands reflects the higher infection level on cultivated poplars. More generally, this genetic analysis illustrates the utility of population genetics approach for elucidating the proportion of asexual reproduction in the multiplication of isolates during an epidemic, and for proper quantification of asexual dispersal in plant pathogens

Disentangling the genetic origins of a plant pathogen during disease spread using an original molecular epidemiology approach

The advent of molecular epidemiology has greatly improved our ability to identify the population sources and track the pathogen movement. Yet the wide spatial and temporal scales usually considered are useful only to infer historical migration pathways. In this study, Bayesian genetic assignments and a landscape epidemiology approach were combined to unravel genetic origin and annual spread during a single epidemic of a plant pathogen: the poplar rust fungus [i]Melampsora larici-populina[/i]. The study focused on a particular area—the Durance River valley—which enabled inoculum sources to be identified and channelled spread of the epidemic along a one-dimensional corridor. Spatio-temporal monitoring of disease showed that the epidemic began in the upstream part of the valley and spread out downstream. Using genetic assignment tests, individuals collected at the end of the epidemic were sorted into two genetic groups; very few hybrids were detected, although individuals from both groups coexisted locally downstream in the valley. The epidemic originated from two genetically distinct inoculum sources. Individuals of each group then dispersed southwards along the Durance River and became mixed in poplar riparian stands. These two genetic groups were found previously at a wider spatial scale and proved to result from distinct evolutionary histories on either wild or cultivated poplars. This study showed that the two groups can mix during an epidemic but do not hybridize because they then reproduce asexually. In general, the methods employed here could be useful for elucidating the genetic origin and retracing the colonization history and migration pathways of recent epidemics

Étude du déterminisme génétique des traits de vie qualitatifs et quantitatifs de Melampsora larici-populina, agent de la rouille foliaire du peuplier

National audienc