Do Samba ao Caos: Pensando o Jornalismo de Rock

TCC (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Comunicação e Expressão. Jornalismo.Hype e anti-Hype, música como produto e música como performance, indústria cultural e democracia virtual. Partindo de questões como estas. Do samba ao Caos é um ensaio sobre jornalismo de música Pop, no âmbito de crítica e reportagem, feito no Brasil. Como a música é, foi, e deve ser abordada na imprensa tupiniquim. Com uma análise histórico-social desse "filho maldito" do jornalismo cultural brasileiro, a intenção é lançar mão de hipóteses e observações que refiram-se às práticas da crítica e reportagem músical num cenário que se demonstra cada vez mais descentralizado, tanto no que tange a esfera de consumo quanto a produtiva

Search for cytotoxic agents in multiple Laurencia complex seaweed species (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) harvested from the Atlantic Ocean with emphasis on the Brazilian State of Espírito Santo

The development of new anti-cancer drugs of algal origin represents one of the least explored frontiers in medicinal chemistry. In this regard, the diversity of micro- and macroalgae found in Brazilian coastal waters can be viewed as a largely untapped natural resource. In this report, we describe a comparative study on the cytotoxic properties of extracts obtained from the Laurencia complex: Laurencia aldingensis, L. catarinensis, L. dendroidea, L. intricata, L. translucida, L. sp, and Palisada flagellifera. All of these species were collected in the coastal waters of the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Four out of the twelve samples initially investigated were found to show significant levels of toxicity towards a model tumor cell line (human uterine sarcoma, MES-SA). The highest levels of cytotoxicity were typically associated with non-polar (hexane) algal extracts, while the lowest levels of cytotoxicity were found with the corresponding polar (methanol) extracts. In this report, we also describe a biological model currently in development that will not only facilitate the search for new anti-cancer drug candidates of algal origin, but also permit the identification of compounds capable of inducing the destruction of multi-drug resistant tumors with greater efficiency than the pharmaceuticals currently in clinical use.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Ministério da SaúdeMinistério de Ciência e TecnologiaCNPq - INCT-Redoxom

A DNA repair-independent role for alkyladenine DNA glycosylase in alkylation-induced unfolded protein response.

Alkylating agents damage DNA and proteins and are widely used in cancer chemotherapy. While cellular responses to alkylation-induced DNA damage have been explored, knowledge of how alkylation affects global cellular stress responses is sparse. Here, we examined the effects of the alkylating agent methylmethane sulfonate (MMS) on gene expression in mouse liver, using mice deficient in alkyladenine DNA glycosylase (Aag), the enzyme that initiates the repair of alkylated DNA bases. MMS induced a robust transcriptional response in wild-type liver that included markers of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress/unfolded protein response (UPR) known to be controlled by XBP1, a key UPR effector. Importantly, this response is significantly reduced in the Aag knockout. To investigate how AAG affects alkylation-induced UPR, the expression of UPR markers after MMS treatment was interrogated in human glioblastoma cells expressing different AAG levels. Alkylation induced the UPR in cells expressing AAG; conversely, AAG knockdown compromised UPR induction and led to a defect in XBP1 activation. To verify the requirements for the DNA repair activity of AAG in this response, AAG knockdown cells were complemented with wild-type Aag or with an Aag variant producing a glycosylase-deficient AAG protein. As expected, the glycosylase-defective Aag does not fully protect AAG knockdown cells against MMS-induced cytotoxicity. Remarkably, however, alkylation-induced XBP1 activation is fully complemented by the catalytically inactive AAG enzyme. This work establishes that, besides its enzymatic activity, AAG has noncanonical functions in alkylation-induced UPR that contribute to cellular responses to alkylation

Mycosporines analogues: synthesis and evaluation of pharmacological and toxicological parameters.

Micosporinas são substâncias pertencentes a um grupo de compostos naturalmente encontrados em algas e fungos, que são utilizadas por estes organismos como mecanismo de defesa. São potentes bloqueadores químicos de radiação ultravioleta (UV), atuando principalmente na faixa espectral da radiação UVA, com absorção máxima variando entre 300 e 360 nm, dependendo de sua composição estrutural. Quimicamente, são caracterizadas por um cromóforo ciclohexenona ou ciclohexenimina conjugado com o nitrogênio substituinte de um aminoácido ou aminoálcool. Em alguns membros deste grupo também foi evidenciada uma moderada atividade antioxidante, podendo estes atuarem como antioxidantes naturais em organismos marinhos. Os processos sintéticos utilizados, com o objetivo de obtenção de forma não natural destas moléculas, se basearam em princípios de química verde e evitaram a utilização de solventes orgânicos bem como a produção de intermediários tóxicos. As reações envolvendo uma dicetona cíclica e diferentes aminoácidos foram testadas por diferentes metodologias \"verdes\". A partir destes processos foram obtidos 11 análogos das micosporinas, dos quais 9 tiveram seus potenciais farmacológicos e toxicológicos avaliados. Para verificação do potencial farmacológico das moléculas, foi determinado um espectro de absorção de radiação ultravioleta para cada um dos compostos, que posteriormente tiveram seus potenciais antioxidantes verificados através das atividades sequestrantes de radicais DPPH e de radical superóxido. Os espectros obtidos dos compostos demonstram uma absorção máxima variando de 255 a 309 nm para os diferentes compostos. No ensaio antioxidante de DPPH, dois compostos atingiram a IC50, em concentrações de 1,597 e 1,387 mM, e no ensaio de sequestro de radical superóxido, todos os compostos testados atingiram a IC50, em concentrações que variam de 0,204 a 1,164 mM. O potencial citotóxico das moléculas foi testado em culturas celulares de fibroblastos 3T3, através da incorporação das substâncias em diferentes concentrações e verificação de viabilidade celular, pelo método de redução de MTT, após exposição por 24 horas. O ensaio fototóxico procedeu da mesma forma, porém com a exposição das células a radiação ultravioleta concomitantemente à aplicação dos compostos. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que nenhum dos compostos pode ser considerado citotóxico, porém um dos compostos é ativado com a exposição a radiação UVA, sendo assim, considerado fototóxico.Mycosporines are substances belonging to a group of compounds naturally found in algae and fungi, which are used by these organisms as a defense mechanism. They are potent chemical blockers of ultraviolet radiation (UV), acting mainly in the spectral range of UVA, with maximum absorption ranging from 300 to 360 nm, depending on its structural composition. Chemically, they are characterized by a cyclohexenone or cyclohexenimine chromophore conjugated with the nitrogen substituent of an amino acid or an amino alcohol. Some mycosporines present a moderate antioxidant activity; in this case, they can act as natural antioxidants in marine organisms. Our synthesis was based on green chemistry principles and avoided the use of organic solvents and the production of toxic intermediates. The reactions involving a cyclic diketone and different amino acids were tested by different clean methods. Eleven mycosporines analogues were obtained. Nine of them had their pharmacological and toxicological potential evaluated. In order to verify the pharmacological potential of molecules, we determined the UV absorption spectrum of each mycosporine analogue. In addition, we evaluated their antioxidant activity by DPPH and superoxide radical scavenging potential methods. The compounds spectra show an absorption maximum ranging from 255 to 309 nm for different compounds. In the DPPH assay, two compounds reached the IC50 at concentrations of 1.597 e 1.387 mM. In the superoxide scavenging assay, all compounds tested reached the IC50 at concentrations ranging from 0.204 to 1.164 mM. The cytotoxic potential of these molecules was tested in cell cultures (3T3 fibroblasts) through the incorporation of different concentrations of the analogues and checking cell viability by MTT reduction method. The phototoxic test was conducted similarly, but adding the exposure of cells to UV radiation after addition of mycosporines analogues. The results showed that none of the compounds can be considered cytotoxic, but one of the compounds is activated by exposure to UVA radiation, becoming phototoxic

Prospection of pharmaceutical bioactive compounds in marine algae Rhodophyta and Heterokontophyta and cytotoxicity evaluation.

Muitas drogas terapêuticas produzidas pela indústria farmacêutica são estruturas químicas isoladas de organismos encontrados na natureza ou moléculas baseadas nelas. Podem ser incluídas nesse grupo drogas isoladas de organismos marinhos, como corais, esponjas e algas marinhas, conhecidos como produtores de grandes quantidades de metabólitos secundários. Com base neste fato o presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar a prospecção de moléculas bioativas com propósito farmacológico, em extratos de algas marinhas vermelhas (Rhodophyta) e pardas (Heterokontophyta) coletadas no litoral brasileiro. A prospecção foi realizada por meio de avaliação de seus potenciais antioxidante, antibacteriano, antifúngico, anticancerígeno, e antiparasitário contra organismos causadores de leishmaniose e esquistossomose. Para as avaliações foram empregadas os extratos supercríticos de 5 espécies diferentes, sendo 2 pardas: Dictyota dichotoma e D. menstrualis e três vermelhas: Chondria littoralis, Spyridia hypnoides e Plocamium brasiliense. Os extratos foram avaliados quanto aos seus potenciais bioativos e os resultados mais promissores foram selecionados para as etapas seguintes do fracionamento. Em uma avaliação geral os extratos apresentaram bons resultados e representam uma potencial fonte de bioativos. Os extratos das espécies de D. dichotoma e D. menstrualis foram então submetidos a um procedimento de fracionamento bioguiado pela atividade esquistossomicida. Incorporou-se ainda um terceiro extrato de D. mertensii aos estudos e todas as etapas do fracionamento foram monitoradas por LC-MS. Comparando-se as massas detectadas em todas as frações que apresentaram atividade, para os 3 extratos, foi verificado que a substância de m/z 271,24 estava presente em todas elas, portanto os procedimentos de isolamento foram direcionados a esta molécula para a qual foi possível isolar 7 mg. Diferentemente do que era esperado a molécula quando avaliada isoladamente não apresentou atividade esquistossomicida, levando a hipótese de que a atividade seja decorrente de uma molécula diferente para cada espécie ou ainda que a mesma seja decorrente de uma interação com outras substâncias por um mecanismo de ação aditivo ou sinérgico. O trabalho avaliado de forma geral apresentou resultados promissores e representa um grande embasamento para servir como base para posteriores trabalho de fracionamento.Several therapeutic drugs manufactured by the pharmaceutical industry are chemical structures isolated from organisms that are found in nature or molecules based on that. May be included at this group drugs isolated from marine organisms, like corals, sponges and seaweeds, known as great secondary metabolites producers. Based on this facts the objective of the present study is to perform a prospection study to achieve bioactive molecules with pharmaceutical purposes, on extracts made from red (Rhodophyta) and brown (Heterokontophyta) seaweed collected in the Brazilian shore. The prospection studies was performed by means of evaluation of the antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer and antiparasitic (against Leishmania and Schistosoma) potential. In the evaluation were tested the supercritical extracts of 5 different species, including 2 brown species: Dictyota dichotoma and D. menstrualis and 3 red species: Chondria littoralis, Spyridia hypnoides and Plocamium brasiliense. The extracts were evaluated by their potential bioactive compounds and the most promising results were selected for the following fractionation steps. Overall the extracts have shown good results and may be represent a potential source of bioactive molecules. The extracts of both D. dichotoma and D. menstrualis were submitted to a bioguided fractionation process by their antischistosomal activities. It was still included a third extract from D. mertensii to the studies and every step was monitored by LC-MS techniques. Comparing the detected mass for each active fraction, it was observed the presence of a substance with m/z 271,24 in all of the extracts, so the isolating procedures were directed to obtain that specific molecule, which was obtained in a biomass of 7 mg. Differently than expected the molecule when evaluated isolated do not show the antischistosomal activity, leading to the hypothesis that the activity was related to different molecules for each species or even the observed effect is resulted by an interaction mechanism with another substances by an additive or synergist mechanism. The overall evaluation of the whole work show some promising results and it represent a great support for future fractionation works

Antischistosomal activity from Brazilian marine algae

Abstract Schistosomiasis may be caused by six different species of the genus Schistosoma. Current treatment is based only on two drugs: oxamniquine, which is only effective against the Schistosoma mansoni species, and praziquantel, which is ineffective against young parasites. Therefore, research on new drugs and their targets for the treatment of this disease is urgently needed. In the present work, the efficacies of several seaweeds extracts against S. mansoni were tested. Worm couples were incubated with different concentration of seaweed extracts for 120 h and monitored after the first 2 h and then every 24 h to evaluate death, mobility reduction and couple detachment. The extracts of 13 different seaweed species were tested in a first trial and the active extracts were further evaluated in lower concentrations. The extracts of Gracilaria ornata and species belonging to the genera Dictyota and Laurencia showed activity at relatively low concentrations. The active extracts were analyzed by LC–MS, and possible candidates are proposed

Visual outcomes and pacient satisfaction follwing implantation of a supplementary multifocal IOL in patients undergoing cataract surgery

Purpose: To assess visual outcomes and patient satisfaction following implantation of the Sulcoflex® multifocal intraocular lens (IOL; Rayner Intraocular Lenses Ltd., Hove, UK) in a procedure combining capsular bag lens implantation with sulcus placement of the Sulcoflex® IOL. Setting: Instituto de Oftalmologia de Assis, Assis, SP, Brazil. Methods: Cataract patients > 45 years, with hyperopia ≥ 1.50 D and potential acuity measurement ≥ 20/30 undergoing Sulcoflex® multifocal IOL implantation were included. Monocular and binocular uncorrected near and distance visual acuity (VA) were evaluated at five days, one month, and three months postoperatively. Contrast sensitivity and refraction were measured in a subset of patients three months postoperatively. Patient satisfaction was assessed one month postoperative. Results: This non-consecutive case series comprised 25 eyes of 13 patients. Eleven eyes (52%) had pre-existing retinal pathologies. Monocular distance VA improved significantly at all follow-up visits. At final follow-up, 88% of eyes had monocular uncorrected distance VA (UDVA) of at least 20/25 and 24% had monocular UDVA of 20/20. All eyes had binocular UDVA of at least 20/25, and 58% had binocular UDVA of 20/20. Monocular uncorrected near vision (UNVA) was J1 in 68% of eyes and all patients had binocular UNVA of J1. Of all eyes studied, 92% and 58% achieved a spherical equivalent within 1 D and −0.5 D, respectively. The majority of patients reported satisfaction with visual outcomes. Complications included a postoperative intraocular pressure spike in four eyes. Conclusion: The Sulcoflex® multifocal IOL improves near and distance VA in cataract patients with retinal abnormalities and good VA potential